VS_数据库_编程
如何使用 SqlDataAdapter 来检索多个行以下代码阐明了如何使用 SqlDataAdapter 对象发出可生成 DataSet 或 DataTable 的命令。它从 SQL Server Northwind 数据库中检索一组产品类别。 using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
public DataTable RetrieveRowsWithDataTable()
{
using ( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString) )
{
conn.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("DATRetrieveProducts", conn);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter( cmd );
DataTable dataTable = new DataTable("Products");
adapter .Fill(dataTable);
return dataTable;
}
}
使用 SqlAdapter 生成 DataSet 或 DataTable
如何使用 SqlDataReader 来检索多个行以下代码片段阐明了可检索多个行的 SqlDataReader 方法。 using System.IO;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
public SqlDataReader RetrieveRowsWithDataReader()
{
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(
"server=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;database=northwind");
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("DATRetrieveProducts", conn );
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
try
{
conn.Open();
// Generate the reader. CommandBehavior.CloseConnection causes the
// the connection to be closed when the reader object is closed
return( cmd.ExecuteReader( CommandBehavior.CloseConnection ) );
}
catch
{
conn.Close();
throw;
}
}
// Display the product list using the console
private void DisplayProducts()
{
SqlDataReader reader = RetrieveRowsWithDataReader();
try
{
while (reader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}",
reader.GetInt32(0).ToString(),
reader.GetString(1) );
}
}
finally
{
reader.Close(); // Also closes the connection due to the
// CommandBehavior enum used when generating the reader
}
}
使用 SqlDataReader 检索行
如何使用 XmlReader 检索多个行可以使用 SqlCommand 对象来生成 XmlReader 对象，后者可提供对 XML 数据的基于流的只进访问。命令（通常为存储过程）必须产生基于 XML 的结果集，对于 SQL Server 2000 而言，该结果集通常包含一个带有有效 FOR XML 子句的 SELECT 语句。以下代码片段阐明了该方法： public void RetrieveAndDisplayRowsWithXmlReader()
{
using( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString) )
{;
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("DATRetrieveProductsXML", conn );
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
try
{
conn.Open();
XmlTextReader xreader = (XmlTextReader)cmd.ExecuteXmlReader();
while ( xreader.Read() )
{
if ( xreader.Name == "PRODUCTS" )
{
string strOutput = xreader.GetAttribute("ProductID");
strOutput += " ";
strOutput += xreader.GetAttribute("ProductName");
Console.WriteLine( strOutput );
}
}
xreader.Close(); // XmlTextReader does not support IDisposable so it can't be
// used within a using keyword
}
}
上述代码使用了以下存储过程： CREATE PROCEDURE DATRetrieveProductsXML AS SELECT * FROM PRODUCTS FOR XML AUTO GO 使用 XmlReader 检索 XML 数据
如何使用存储过程输出参数来检索单个行借助于命名的输出参数，可以调用在单个行内返回检索到的数据项的存储过程。以下代码片段使用存储过程来检索 Northwind 数据库的 Products 表中包含的特定产品的产品名称和单价。 void GetProductDetails( int ProductID,
out string ProductName, out decimal UnitPrice )
{
using( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(
"server=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;database=Northwind") )
{
// Set up the command object used to execute the stored proc
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand( "DATGetProductDetailsSPOutput", conn )
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
// Establish stored proc parameters.
// @ProductID int INPUT
// @ProductName nvarchar(40) OUTPUT
// @UnitPrice money OUTPUT
// Must explicitly set the direction of output parameters
SqlParameter paramProdID =
cmd.Parameters.Add( "@ProductID", ProductID );
paramProdID.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
SqlParameter paramProdName =
cmd.Parameters.Add( "@ProductName", SqlDbType.VarChar, 40 );
paramProdName.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
SqlParameter paramUnitPrice =
cmd.Parameters.Add( "@UnitPrice", SqlDbType.Money );
paramUnitPrice.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
conn.Open();
// Use ExecuteNonQuery to run the command.
// Although no rows are returned any mapped output parameters
// (and potentially return values) are populated
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery( );
// Return output parameters from stored proc
ProductName = paramProdName.Value.ToString();
UnitPrice = (decimal)paramUnitPrice.Value;
}
}
使用存储过程输出参数来检索单个行
上述代码片段调用了以下存储过程。 CREATE PROCEDURE DATGetProductDetailsSPOutput @ProductID int, @ProductName nvarchar(40) OUTPUT, @UnitPrice money OUTPUT AS SELECT @ProductName = ProductName, @UnitPrice = UnitPrice FROM Products WHERE ProductID = @ProductID GO 如何使用 SqlDataReader 来检索单个行可以使用 SqlDataReader 对象来检索单个行，尤其是可以从返回的数据流中检索需要的列值。以下代码片段对此进行了说明。 void GetProductDetailsUsingReader( int ProductID,
out string ProductName, out decimal UnitPrice )
{
using( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(
"server=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;database=Northwind") )
{
// Set up the command object used to execute the stored proc
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand( "DATGetProductDetailsReader", conn );
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
// Establish stored proc parameters.
// @ProductID int INPUT
SqlParameter paramProdID = cmd.Parameters.Add( "@ProductID", ProductID );
paramProdID.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
conn.Open();
using( SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader() )
{
if( reader.Read() ) // Advance to the one and only row
{
// Return output parameters from returned data stream
ProductName = reader.GetString(0);
UnitPrice = reader.GetDecimal(1);
}
}
}
}
使用 SqlDataReader 对象来返回单个行
上述代码片段调用了以下存储过程。 CREATE PROCEDURE DATGetProductDetailsReader @ProductID int AS SELECT ProductName, UnitPrice FROM Products WHERE ProductID = @ProductID GO 如何使用 ExecuteScalar 来检索单个项ExecuteScalar 方法专门适用于仅返回单个值的查询。如果查询返回多个列和/或行，ExecuteScalar 将只返回第一行的第一列。 以下代码说明了如何查找与特定产品 ID 相对应的产品名称： void GetProductNameExecuteScalar( int ProductID, out string ProductName )
{
using( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(
"server=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;database=northwind") )
{
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("LookupProductNameScalar", conn );
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ProductID", ProductID );
conn.Open();
ProductName = (string)cmd.ExecuteScalar();
}
}
使用 ExecuteScalar 来检索单个项
上述代码使用了以下存储过程： CREATE PROCEDURE LookupProductNameScalar @ProductID int AS SELECT TOP 1 ProductName FROM Products WHERE ProductID = @ProductID GO 如何使用存储过程输出或返回参数来检索单个项可以使用存储过程输出或返回参数来查找单个值。以下代码阐明了输出参数的用法： void GetProductNameUsingSPOutput( int ProductID, out string ProductName )
{
using( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(
"server=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;database=northwind") )
{
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("LookupProductNameSPOutput", conn );
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
SqlParameter paramProdID = cmd.Parameters.Add("@ProductID", ProductID );
ParamProdID.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
SqlParameter paramPN =
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ProductName", SqlDbType.VarChar, 40 );
paramPN.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
conn.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
ProductName = paramPN.Value.ToString();
}
}
使用存储过程输出参数来检索单个值
上述代码使用了以下存储过程。 CREATE PROCEDURE LookupProductNameSPOutput @ProductID int, @ProductName nvarchar(40) OUTPUT AS SELECT @ProductName = ProductName FROM Products WHERE ProductID = @ProductID GO 以下代码阐明了如何使用返回值来指明是否存在特定行。从编码角度来看，这类似于使用存储过程输出参数，不同之处在于必须将 SqlParameter 方向显式设置为ParameterDirection.ReturnValue。 bool CheckProduct( int ProductID )
{
using( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(
"server=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;database=northwind") )
{
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("CheckProductSP", conn );
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ProductID", ProductID );
SqlParameter paramRet =
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ProductExists", SqlDbType.Int );
paramRet.Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue;
conn.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
return (int)paramRet.Value == 1;
}
通过使用存储过程返回值来检查是否存在特定行
上述代码使用了以下存储过程。 CREATE PROCEDURE CheckProductSP @ProductID int AS IF EXISTS( SELECT ProductID FROM Products WHERE ProductID = @ProductID ) return 1 ELSE return 0 GO 如何使用 SqlDataReader 来检索单个项可以使用 SqlDataReader 对象并通过调用命令对象的 ExecuteReader 方法来获取单个输出值。这要求编写稍微多一点的代码，因为必须调用 SqlDataReader Read 方法，然后通过该读取器的访问器方法之一来检索需要的值。以下代码阐明了 SqlDataReader 对象的用法。 bool CheckProductWithReader( int ProductID )
{
using( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(
"server=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;database=northwind") )
{
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("CheckProductExistsWithCount", conn );
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ProductID", ProductID );
cmd.Parameters["@ProductID"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
conn.Open();
using( SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(
CommandBehavior.SingleResult ) )
{
if( reader.Read() )
{
return (reader.GetInt32(0) > 0);
}
return false;
}
}
上述代码采用了以下存储过程。 CREATE PROCEDURE CheckProductExistsWithCount @ProductID int AS SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Products WHERE ProductID = @ProductID GO 如何编写 ADO.NET 手动事务处理代码以下代码显示了如何充分利用 SQL Server .NET 数据提供程序所提供的事务处理支持，通过事务来保护资金转帐操作。该操作在同一数据库中的两个帐户之间转移资金。 public void TransferMoney( string toAccount, string fromAccount, decimal amount )
{
using ( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(
"server=(local);Integrated Security=SSPI;database=SimpleBank" ) )
{
SqlCommand cmdCredit = new SqlCommand("Credit", conn );
cmdCredit.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmdCredit.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter("@AccountNo", toAccount) );
cmdCredit.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter("@Amount", amount ));
SqlCommand cmdDebit = new SqlCommand("Debit", conn );
cmdDebit.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmdDebit.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter("@AccountNo", fromAccount) );
cmdDebit.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter("@Amount", amount ));
conn.Open();
// Start a new transaction
using ( SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction() )
{
// Associate the two command objects with the same transaction
cmdCredit.Transaction = trans;
cmdDebit.Transaction = trans;
try
{
cmdCredit.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmdDebit.ExecuteNonQuery();
// Both commands (credit and debit) were successful
trans.Commit();
}
catch( Exception ex )
{
// transaction failed
trans.Rollback();
// log exception details . . .
throw ex;
}
}
}
}
如何使用 Transact-SQL 执行事务处理以下存储过程阐明了如何在 Transact-SQL 存储过程内部执行事务性资金转帐操作。 CREATE PROCEDURE MoneyTransfer
@FromAccount char(20),
@ToAccount char(20),
@Amount money
AS
BEGIN TRANSACTION
-- PERFORM DEBIT OPERATION
UPDATE Accounts
SET Balance = Balance - @Amount
WHERE AccountNumber = @FromAccount
IF @@RowCount = 0
BEGIN
RAISERROR('Invalid From Account Number', 11, 1)
GOTO ABORT
END
DECLARE @Balance money
SELECT @Balance = Balance FROM ACCOUNTS
WHERE AccountNumber = @FromAccount
IF @BALANCE < 0
BEGIN
RAISERROR('Insufficient funds', 11, 1)
GOTO ABORT
END
-- PERFORM CREDIT OPERATION
UPDATE Accounts
SET Balance = Balance + @Amount
WHERE AccountNumber = @ToAccount
IF @@RowCount = 0
BEGIN
RAISERROR('Invalid To Account Number', 11, 1)
GOTO ABORT
END
COMMIT TRANSACTION
RETURN 0
ABORT:
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
GO
该存储过程使用 BEGIN TRANSACTION、COMMIT TRANSACTION 和 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION 语句来手动控制该事务。 如何编写事务性 .NET 类以下示例代码显示了三个服务性 .NET 托管类，这些类经过配置以执行自动事务处理。每个类都使用 Transaction 属性进行了批注，该属性的值确定是否应该启动新的事务流，或者该对象是否应该共享其直接调用方的事务流。这些组件协同工作来执行银行资金转帐任务。Transfer类被使用 RequiresNew 事务属性进行了配置，而 Debit 和 Credit 被使用 Required 进行了配置。结果，所有这三个对象在运行时都将共享同一事务。 using System;
using System.EnterpriseServices;
[Transaction(TransactionOption.RequiresNew)]
public class Transfer : ServicedComponent
{
[AutoComplete]
public void Transfer( string toAccount,
string fromAccount, decimal amount )
{
try
{
// Perform the debit operation
Debit debit = new Debit();
debit.DebitAccount( fromAccount, amount );
// Perform the credit operation
Credit credit = new Credit();
credit.CreditAccount( toAccount, amount );
}
catch( SqlException sqlex )
{
// Handle and log exception details
// Wrap and propagate the exception
throw new TransferException( "Transfer Failure", sqlex );
}
}
}
[Transaction(TransactionOption.Required)]
public class Credit : ServicedComponent
{
[AutoComplete]
public void CreditAccount( string account, decimal amount )
{
try
{
using( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(
"Server=(local); Integrated Security=SSPI"; database="SimpleBank") )
{
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("Credit", conn );
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter("@AccountNo", account) );
cmd.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter("@Amount", amount ));
conn.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
}catch( SqlException sqlex ){
// Log exception details here
throw; // Propagate exception
}
}
[Transaction(TransactionOption.Required)]
public class Debit : ServicedComponent
{
public void DebitAccount( string account, decimal amount )
{
try
{
using( SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(
"Server=(local); Integrated Security=SSPI"; database="SimpleBank") )
{
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("Debit", conn );
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter("@AccountNo", account) );
cmd.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter("@Amount", amount ));
conn.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
catch (SqlException sqlex)
{
// Log exception details here
throw; // Propagate exception back to caller
}
}
} |