无线网卡的自动配置可以使用netcfg2软件,具体内容请参考ArchLinux Wiki Netcfg.
本文主要是针对手动配置,便于理解无线网卡的正常工作的过程。
操作环境: ArchLinux Linux myhost 2.6.36-ARCH
硬件: USB 无线网卡 TL-WN821N
pacman -S wireless_tools madwifi
lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 093a:2510 Pixart Imaging, Inc. Optical Mouse
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0cf3:7015 Atheros Communications, Inc.
在USB接口001/003上检测到网卡。
iwconfig
lo no wireless extensions.
eth0 no wireless extensions.
wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/any
Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=0 dBm
Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:off
Power Management:off
无线网卡为 wlan0
ifconfig wlan0 up
iwlist wlan0 scan
wlan0 Scan completed :
Cell 01 - Address: 54:E6:FC:22:E1:D2
Channel:1
Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
Quality=53/70 Signal level=-57 dBm
Encryption key:on
ESSID:"TP-LINK_22E1D2"
Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
Mode:Master
Extra:tsf=000000292a41bd80
Extra: Last beacon: 960ms ago
IE: Unknown: 000E54502D4C494E4B5F323245314432
IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824
IE: Unknown: 030101
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
发现WPA2-PSK/WPA-PSK方式加密的AP: TP-LINK_22E1D2
因为加密方式为 WPA-PSK 所以得用 wpa_supplicant 而不能使用 iwconfig wlan0 key xxx 形式,iwconfig key方式适用于WEP。
新建文件 /etc/my_wpa_supplicant.conf
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
network={
ssid="TP-LINK_22E1D2"
psk="密码"
}
其中network下的内容,可以使用wpa_passphrase AP_NAME PASSWORD
生成。
wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/my_wpa_supplicant.conf
#-B Background 在后台以daemon 运行
#-i interface
#-c 配置文件
手动设置
ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.131
ifconfig #查看状态
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 54:E6:FC:03:0D:6B
inet addr:192.168.1.131 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:95 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:32434 (31.6 Kb) TX bytes:576 (576.0 b)
route add default gw 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0
route #查看route状态
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0
default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0
通过udhcpc设置
kiilall udhcpc
udhcpc -i wlan0 -n
每次重新启动后需要重新设置,如果懒得每次设置的话,在本地/etc/rc.d/rc.local
末尾加上
wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/my_wpa_supplicant.conf
ifconfig wlan0 192.168.1.131
route add default gw 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0
或者
wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/my_wpa_supplicant.conf
kiilall udhcpc
udhcpc -i wlan0 -n
可以使用wpa_cli
指令管理wpa_supplicant
进程,详细的使用方法,使用wpa_cli --help
查看。
常用:
#关闭连接
wpa_cli terminate
#连接状态
wpa_cli status