Linux 磁盘分区步骤
1. 查看机器所挂硬盘个数及分区情况：fdisk –l
[root@gerrit ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000bdaa5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 629145599 313523200 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1869.2 GB, 1869169766400 bytes, 3650722200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 312.6 GB, 312584699904 bytes, 610516992 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 8455 MB, 8455716864 bytes, 16515072 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
2. 利用fdisk操作硬盘：fdisk 设备
[root@gerrit ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x608bea65.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n （创建新的分区）
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-3650722199, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-3650722199, default 3650722199): +500G （设置分区大小）
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t （修改分区的系统id）
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e （设置成lvm）
Changed type of partition 'Empty' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w （保存设置）
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
3. 格式化分区为XFS：mkfs.xfs 设备
接下来，格式化分区为XFS，使用mkfs.xfs命令。如果已有其他文件系统创建在此分区，必须加上"-f"参数来覆盖它。
[root@gerrit ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=32768000 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=131072000, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=64000, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
4. 挂载分区：mount 设备 路径
[root@gerrit gerrit]# mount -t xfs /dev/sdb1 /var/gerrit/
[root@gerrit gerrit]# df -hl
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 291G 27G 264G 10% /
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 96K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 346M 7.5G 5% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 173M 842M 18% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 24K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0 7.8G 7.8G 0 100% /run/media/admin/CentOS 7 x86_64
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 500G 33M 500G 1% /var/gerrit
5. 设置开机启动挂载：配置 /etc/fstab
[root@gerrit gerrit]# vi /etc/fstab
添加记录：
/dev/sdb1 /var/gerrit xfs defaults 0 0