Spring注解驱动开发(一)

(1)组件注册-@Configuration&@Bean给容器中注册组件
(2)组件注册-@ComponentScan-自动扫描组件&指定扫描规则
(3)组件注册-自定义TypeFilter指定过滤规则
(4)组件注册-@Scope-设置组件作用域

导言:spring中组件是在容器中的,组件之间的联系通过依赖注入

(1)组件注册-@Configuration&@Bean给容器中注册组件

创建一个Maven项目:spring-annotation
导入 spring-context jar包 – 这个就是Spring核心环境所有依赖的jar包



    4.0.0

    com.ldc
    spring-annotation
    1.0-SNAPSHOT

    
        
        
            org.springframework
            spring-context
            4.3.12.RELEASE
        
    

项目目录截图
Spring注解驱动开发(一)_第1张图片

xml文件配置的方式

先按照我们以前配置的方式来使用Spring:

下面是项目代码展示:
Peson类

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

Spring的xml配置文件:
注册bean组件




	
		
		
	

测试类
public class MainTest {
public static void main(String[]args){
//获取spring容器
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“beans.xml”);
//从容器中获取注册的bean(person)
Person person = (Person) applicationContext.getBean(“person”);
System.out.println(person);
}
}

输出结果为:Person{name=‘张三’, age=18}

注解的方式:

我们先写一个配置类:等同于xml配置文件

/**
 * @Description 配置类就等同以前的配置文件
 */
@Configuration //告诉Spring这是一个配置类
public class MainConfig {

    //相当于xml配置文件中的标签,告诉容器注册一个bean
    //之前xml文件中标签有bean的class类型,那么现在注解方式的类型当然也就是返回值的类型
    //之前xml文件中标签有bean的id,现在注解的方式默认用的是方法名来作为bean的id
    @Bean
    public Person person() {
        return new Person("lisi",20);
    }

}

输出结果:Person{name=‘lisi’, age=20}

通过ApplicationContext的方法来获取Person这个bean在IOC容器里面的名字,相当于xml配置文件里面标签里面的id属性;

@Configuration //告诉Spring这是一个配置类
public class MainConfig {
    @Bean(value = "person")//通过这个value属性可以指定bean在IOC容器的id,如果没用(value = "person"),注册的bean的名字就是方法名person01
    
    public Person person01() {
        return new Person("lisi",20);
    }
}

测试类

public class MainTest {
    public static void main(String[]args){
        /**
         * 这里是new了一个AnnotationConfigApplicationContext对象,以前new的ClassPathXmlApplicationContext对象
         * 的构造函数里面传的是配置文件的位置,而现在AnnotationConfigApplicationContext对象的构造函数里面传的是
         * 配置类的类型
         */
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig.class);
        Person person = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
        System.out.println(person);

        //我们可以来获取bean的定义信息
        String[] namesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Person.class);
        for (String name : namesForType) {
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    }
}

输出结果:Person{name=‘lisi’, age=20}
person

(2)组件注册-@ComponentScan-自动扫描组件&指定扫描规则

xml文件配置方式


    

上面是在xml配置文件里面写包扫描,现在在配置类里面写包扫描:

/**
 * @Description 配置类就等同以前的配置文件
 */
@Configuration //告诉Spring这是一个配置类
@ComponentScan(value = "com.ldc")//相当于是xml配置文件里面的
public class MainConfig {
    @Bean(value = "person")
    public Person person01() {
        return new Person("lisi",20);
    }
}

在com.atguigu包下创建BookController、BookService、BookDao这几个类,分别添加了@Controller、@Service、@Repository注解:

@Controller
public class BookController {
}
@Service
public class BookService {
}
@Repository
public class BookDao {
}

引入junit的jar包来进行测试:

 
        junit
        junit
        4.12
        test
 

单元测试类

//打印出ioc容器中注册的组件bean
 @Test
    public void test01() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig.class);
        String[] definitionNames = applicationContext.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        for (String name : definitionNames) {
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    }

打印结果:除开IOC容器自己要装配的一些组件外,还有是我们自己装配的组件

org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
mainConfig
bookController
bookDao
bookService
person

从上面的打印结果我们可以发现主配置类 MainConfig 也是IOC容器里面的组件,也被纳入了IOC容器的管理:
我们从@Configuration 这个注解点进去就可以发现这个注解上也标注了 @Component 的这个注解,纳入到IOC容器中作为一个组件:

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface Configuration {

	/**
	 * Explicitly specify the name of the Spring bean definition associated
	 * with this Configuration class. If left unspecified (the common case),
	 * a bean name will be automatically generated.
	 * 

The custom name applies only if the Configuration class is picked up via * component scanning or supplied directly to a {@link AnnotationConfigApplicationContext}. * If the Configuration class is registered as a traditional XML bean definition, * the name/id of the bean element will take precedence. * @return the specified bean name, if any * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultBeanNameGenerator */ String value() default ""; }

我们在 @ComponentScan 这个注解上,也是可以指定要排除哪些包或者是只包含哪些包来进行管理:里面传是一个Filter[]数组
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
我们从这个excludeFilters方法点过去,就到了@Filter这个注解:

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
	@Target({})
	@interface Filter {

		/**
		 * The type of filter to use.
		 * 

Default is {@link FilterType#ANNOTATION}. * @see #classes * @see #pattern */ //这个是要排除的规则:是按注解来进行排除还是按照类来进行排除还是按照正则表达式来来进行排除 FilterType type() default FilterType.ANNOTATION; /** * Alias for {@link #classes}. * @see #classes */ @AliasFor("classes") Class[] value() default {}; /** * The class or classes to use as the filter. *

The following table explains how the classes will be interpreted * based on the configured value of the {@link #type} attribute. *

* * * * * * * *
{@code FilterType}Class Interpreted As
{@link FilterType#ANNOTATION ANNOTATION}the annotation itself
{@link FilterType#ASSIGNABLE_TYPE ASSIGNABLE_TYPE}the type that detected components should be assignable to
{@link FilterType#CUSTOM CUSTOM}an implementation of {@link TypeFilter}
*

When multiple classes are specified, OR logic is applied * — for example, "include types annotated with {@code @Foo} OR {@code @Bar}". *

Custom {@link TypeFilter TypeFilters} may optionally implement any of the * following {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.Aware Aware} interfaces, and * their respective methods will be called prior to {@link TypeFilter#match match}: *

    *
  • {@link org.springframework.context.EnvironmentAware EnvironmentAware}
  • *
  • {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware BeanFactoryAware} *
  • {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware BeanClassLoaderAware} *
  • {@link org.springframework.context.ResourceLoaderAware ResourceLoaderAware} *
*

Specifying zero classes is permitted but will have no effect on component * scanning. * @since 4.2 * @see #value * @see #type */ @AliasFor("value") Class[] classes() default {}; /** * The pattern (or patterns) to use for the filter, as an alternative * to specifying a Class {@link #value}. *

If {@link #type} is set to {@link FilterType#ASPECTJ ASPECTJ}, * this is an AspectJ type pattern expression. If {@link #type} is * set to {@link FilterType#REGEX REGEX}, this is a regex pattern * for the fully-qualified class names to match. * @see #type * @see #classes */ String[] pattern() default {}; }

我们就可以这样来配置:

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "com.atguigu",excludeFilters = {
        //这里面是一个@Filter注解数组,FilterType.ANNOTATION表示的排除的规则 :按照注解的方式来进行排除
        //classes = {Controller.class,Service.class}表示的是标有这些注解的类给排除掉
        @Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes = {Controller.class,Service.class})
})
public class MainConfig {

    @Bean(value = "person")
    public Person person01() {
        return new Person("lisi",20);
    }

}

重新运行测试类 输出结果:

org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
mainConfig
bookDao
person

我们也可以来配置includeFilters:指定在扫描的时候,只需要包含哪些组件
在用xml文件配置的方式来进行配置的时候,还要禁用掉默认的配置规则,只包含哪些组件的配置才能生效


Spring注解驱动开发(一)_第2张图片
这个时候,配置类就可以这样来写

@Configuration
//excludeFilters = Filter[];指定在扫描的时候按照什么规则来排除脑哪些组件
//includeFilters = Filter[];指定在扫描的时候,只需要包含哪些组件
@ComponentScan(value = "com.atguigu",includeFilters = {
        //这里面是一个@Filter注解数组,FilterType.ANNOTATION表示的排除的规则 :按照注解的方式来进行排除
        //classes = {Controller.class}表示的是标有这些注解的类给纳入到IOC容器中
        @Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class})
},useDefaultFilters = false)
public class MainConfig {

    @Bean(value = "person")
    public Person person01() {
        return new Person("lisi",20);
    }

}

这个时候是按照标有注解来进行包含的,现在就只有一个bookController被纳入到IOC容器进行管理

org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
mainConfig
bookController
person

@ComponentScan这个注解是可以重复定义的:来指定不同的扫描策略

Spring注解驱动开发(一)_第3张图片
我们还可以用 @ComponentScans来定义多个扫描规则:里面是@ComponentScan规则的数组

@Configuration
//excludeFilters = Filter[];指定在扫描的时候按照什么规则来排除脑哪些组件
//includeFilters = Filter[];指定在扫描的时候,只需要包含哪些组件
@ComponentScans(value = {
    @ComponentScan(value = "com.atguigu",includeFilters = {
            //这里面是一个@Filter注解数组,FilterType.ANNOTATION表示的排除的规则 :按照注解的方式来进行排除
            //classes = {Controller.class}表示的是标有这些注解的类给纳入到IOC容器中
            @Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class})
    },useDefaultFilters = false),
    @ComponentScan(value = "com.atguigu")
})
public class MainConfig {
    @Bean(value = "person")
    public Person person01() {
        return new Person("lisi",20);
    }
}

也可以直接这样来配置多个@ComponentScan注解:但是这样写的话,就必须要java8及以上的支持

@Configuration
//excludeFilters = Filter[];指定在扫描的时候按照什么规则来排除脑哪些组件
//includeFilters = Filter[];指定在扫描的时候,只需要包含哪些组件
@ComponentScan(value = "com.atguigu",includeFilters = {
        //这里面是一个@Filter注解数组,FilterType.ANNOTATION表示的排除的规则 :按照注解的方式来进行匹配
        //classes = {Controller.class}表示的是标有这些注解的类给纳入到IOC容器中
        @Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class})
},useDefaultFilters = false)

@ComponentScan(value = "com.atguigu")
public class MainConfig {

    @Bean(value = "person")
    public Person person01() {
        return new Person("lisi",20);
    }

}

(三)组件注册-自定义TypeFilter指定过滤规则

下面的几种过滤规则:

public enum FilterType {

	/**
	 * Filter candidates marked with a given annotation.
	 * @see org.springframework.core.type.filter.AnnotationTypeFilter
	 */
	ANNOTATION,

	/**
	 * Filter candidates assignable to a given type.
	 * @see org.springframework.core.type.filter.AssignableTypeFilter
	 */
	ASSIGNABLE_TYPE,

	/**
	 * Filter candidates matching a given AspectJ type pattern expression.
	 * @see org.springframework.core.type.filter.AspectJTypeFilter
	 */
	ASPECTJ,

	/**
	 * Filter candidates matching a given regex pattern.
	 * @see org.springframework.core.type.filter.RegexPatternTypeFilter
	 */
	REGEX,

	/** Filter candidates using a given custom
	 * {@link org.springframework.core.type.filter.TypeFilter} implementation.
	 */
	CUSTOM

}

我们可以这样来匹配,来指定不同的匹配规则:

@Configuration
//excludeFilters = Filter[];指定在扫描的时候按照什么规则来排除脑哪些组件
//includeFilters = Filter[];指定在扫描的时候,只需要包含哪些组件
@ComponentScans(value = {
        @ComponentScan(value = "com.atguigu",includeFilters = {
                //这里面是一个@Filter注解数组,FilterType.ANNOTATION表示的排除的规则 :按照注解的方式来进行匹配
                //classes = {Controller.class}表示的是标有这些注解的类给纳入到IOC容器中

                // FilterType.ANNOTATION 按照注解来进行匹配
                // FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE 按照给定的类型来进行匹配
                @Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class}),
                //按照给定的类型来进行匹配
                @Filter(type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE, classes = {BookService.class})
        },useDefaultFilters = false)
})

public class MainConfig {

    @Bean(value = "person")
    public Person person01() {
        return new Person("lisi",20);
    }

}

测试结果

org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
mainConfig
bookController
bookService
person

bookService组件又重新的被IOC容器给管理了;

FilterType.ANNOTATION 按照注解来进行匹配
FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE 按照给定的类型来进行匹配
FilterType.ASPECTJ表达式来进行匹配
按照正则表达式FilterType.REGEX的方式来进行匹配

最后一种自定义匹配规则FilterType.CUSTOM
我们可以自己来写一个匹配规则的类:MyTypeFilter,这个类要实现TypeFilter这个接口

public class MyTypeFilter implements TypeFilter {
    /**
     *
     * @param metadataReader  the metadata reader for the target class 读取到当前正在扫描的类的信息
     * @param metadataReaderFactory a factory for obtaining metadata readers 可以获取到其他任何类的信息
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Override
    public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException {
        //获取到当前类注解的信息
        AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata();
        //获取当前类的资源的信息(比如类的路径)
        Resource resource = metadataReader.getResource();

        //获取到当前正在扫描的类的信息
        ClassMetadata classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata();
        String className = classMetadata.getClassName();
        System.out.println("通过自定义的匹配规则--->"+className);
        return false;
    }
}

这个时候,我们就可以这样来用了:使用FilterType.CUSTOM

@Configuration
//excludeFilters = Filter[];指定在扫描的时候按照什么规则来排除脑哪些组件
//includeFilters = Filter[];指定在扫描的时候,只需要包含哪些组件
@ComponentScans(value = {
        @ComponentScan(value = "com.ldc",includeFilters = {
                //自定义匹配的规则
                @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {MyTypeFilter.class})
        },useDefaultFilters = false)
})

public class MainConfig {

    @Bean(value = "person")
    public Person person01() {
        return new Person("lisi",20);
    }

}

测试结果

通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.test.IOCTest
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.bean.Person
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.config.MyTypeFilter
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.controller.BookController
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.dao.BookDao
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.MainTest
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.service.BookService
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
mainConfig
person

由于,我的自定义的规则类里面返回的是false,所有一个都没有匹配到;
我们可以这样来修改一下,让clsssName里面包含“er”的组件给匹配到:

public class MyTypeFilter implements TypeFilter {
    /**
     *
     * @param metadataReader  the metadata reader for the target class 读取到当前正在扫描的类的信息
     * @param metadataReaderFactory a factory for obtaining metadata readers 可以获取到其他任何类的信息
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Override
    public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException {
        //获取到当前类注解的信息
        AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata();
        //获取当前类的资源的信息(比如类的路径)
        Resource resource = metadataReader.getResource();

        //获取到当前正在扫描的类的信息
        ClassMetadata classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata();
        String className = classMetadata.getClassName();
        System.out.println("通过自定义的匹配规则--->"+className);

        if (className.contains("er")) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.test.IOCTest
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.bean.Person
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.config.MyTypeFilter
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.controller.BookController
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.dao.BookDao
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.MainTest
通过自定义的匹配规则—>com.ldc.service.BookService
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
mainConfig
person
myTypeFilter
bookController
bookService

(四)组件注册-@Scope-设置组件作用域

配置类

@Configuration
public class MainConfig2 {

    //默认是单实例的
    @Bean("person")
    public Person person() {
        return new Person();
    }

}

测试方法

  @Test
    public void test02() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig2.class);
        String[] definitionNames = applicationContext.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        for (String name : definitionNames) {
            System.out.println(name);
        }
        //默认是单实例的
        Person person1 = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person");
        Person person2 = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person");
        System.out.println(person1==person2);
    }

测试结果

org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
mainConfig2
person
true

说明上面这个bean的实例是单例的;

我们可以用@Scope这个注解来指定作用域的范围:这个就相当于在xml文件中配置的标签里面指定scope=“prototype” 属性;

@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Scope {

	/**
	 * Alias for {@link #scopeName}.
	 * @see #scopeName
	 */
	@AliasFor("scopeName")
	String value() default "";

	/**
	 * Specifies the name of the scope to use for the annotated component/bean.
	 * 

Defaults to an empty string ({@code ""}) which implies * {@link ConfigurableBeanFactory#SCOPE_SINGLETON SCOPE_SINGLETON}. * @since 4.2 * @see ConfigurableBeanFactory#SCOPE_PROTOTYPE * @see ConfigurableBeanFactory#SCOPE_SINGLETON * @see org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext#SCOPE_REQUEST * @see org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext#SCOPE_SESSION * @see #value */ @AliasFor("value") String scopeName() default ""; /** * Specifies whether a component should be configured as a scoped proxy * and if so, whether the proxy should be interface-based or subclass-based. *

Defaults to {@link ScopedProxyMode#DEFAULT}, which typically indicates * that no scoped proxy should be created unless a different default * has been configured at the component-scan instruction level. *

Analogous to {@code } support in Spring XML. * @see ScopedProxyMode */ ScopedProxyMode proxyMode() default ScopedProxyMode.DEFAULT; }

从源码的注释上,我们可以知道scopeName可以取下面这些值

ConfigurableBeanFactory#SCOPE_PROTOTYPE
ConfigurableBeanFactory#SCOPE_SINGLETON
org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext#SCOPE_REQUEST
org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext#SCOPE_SESSION

我们来指定一个多实例的:

@Configuration
public class MainConfig2 {
    //singleton:单实例的
    //prototype:多实例的
    //request:同一次请求创建一个实例
    //session:同一个session创建的一个实例
    @Scope("prototype")
    //默认是单实例的
    @Bean("person")
    public Person person() {
        return new Person();
    }

}

重新运行测试文件,输出结果

org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
mainConfig2
person
false

这个时候,bean的实例就多实例的,每调用一次getBean()方法就会创建一个实例;

我们来看看当bean的作用域为单例的时候,它在IOC容器中是何时创建的

@Configuration
public class MainConfig2 {
    
    @Scope
    @Bean("person")
    public Person person() {
        System.out.println("给IOC容器中添加Person...");
        return new Person();
    }

}

首先,我们先启动IOC容器,但是不调用getBean方法来获取Person实例:

@Test
    public void test02() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig2.class);
    }

测试结果:

给IOC容器中添加Person…

我们可以发现当作用域为单例的时候,IOC容器在启动的时候,就会将容器中所有作用域为单例的bean的实例给创建出来;以后的每次获取,就直接从IOC容器中来获取,相当于是从map.get()的一个过程;

现在我们的bean的作用域改成多实例

@Configuration
public class MainConfig2 {

    @Scope("prototype")
    @Bean("person")
    public Person person() {
        System.out.println("给IOC容器中添加Person...");
        return new Person();
    }

}
  @Test
    public void test02() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig2.class);
    }

我们可以发现,控制台没有任何的输出结果;在IOC容器创建的时候,没有去创建这个作用域为多实例的bean;

这个时候,我们来调用getBean()方法来获取一下:

 @Test
    public void test02() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig2.class);
        System.out.println("IOC容器创建完成...");
        Person person = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person");
    }

控制台打印

IOC容器创建完成…
给IOC容器中添加Person…

如果我多次获取:

@Test
    public void test02() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig2.class);
        System.out.println("IOC容器创建完成...");
        Person person = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person");
        Person person1 = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person");
    }

测试结果

IOC容器创建完成…
给IOC容器中添加Person…
给IOC容器中添加Person…

我们可以发现,我们用getBean方法获取几次,就创建几次bean的实例;
也就是说当bean是作用域为多例的时候,IOC容器启动的时候,就不会去创建bean的实例的,而是当我们调用getBean()获取的时候去创建bean的实例;而且每次调用的时候,都会创建bean的实例;

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