mysql安装教程-两种安装方式，rpm安装和tar安装

目录

 

1、常用命令总结

2、rpm下载安装（最快捷方式）

2.1、卸载mariadb

2.2、安装依赖

2.3、下载rpm文件

2.3.1下载地址

 2.3.2下载整合版Bundle

2.3.3下载四个文件

2.4、执行命令安装

2.5、安装目录如下

2.6、查看mysql运行状态，并重启

2.7、重置密码

3、tar安装

卸载：mariadb

3.1、下载安装包

3.2、上传到服务器

3.3、解压到当前文件夹/usr/local/

3.4、创建data路径

3.5、创建mysql用户组

3.6、授权用户组

3.7、初始化脚本，5.7中 这个过时了(这里不采用)

3.8、更改mysql安装文件夹mysql/的权限

3.9、初始化mysql

     3.9.1执行如果出现错误，可能缺少这个依赖：yum install libaio

3.10、修改Mysql配置文件，并将配置文件放到/etc/init.d/目录下面

    3.10.1将当前配置文件加入到启动/etc/init.d/mysqld

3.11、加入开启自启动，启动mysql。（这个用不用都行）

3.12、添加my.cnf

3.13、mysql添加到环境变量中

3.14、启动mysql服务

    14.1 如果不只是在 /usr/local/mysql路径下面可能会报错，那么执行下面操作，软连接

3.15、登录

3.16、修改密码命令：

---

 

1、常用命令总结

1.rpm卸载： rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-common-8.0.19-1.el7.x86_64
  rpm查找： rpm -qa | grep mariadb

2.yum卸载：yum remove xx
 

3.服务重启操作命令：systemctl restart mysqld
         查看状态： systemctl status mysqld
         centos6.5mysql的服务操作命令：service mysql start/stop

4.关闭防火墙       :systemctl stop firewalld.service
  开机禁止启动防火墙：systemctl disable firewalld.service

 

2、rpm下载安装（最快捷方式）

2.1、卸载mariadb

        1、查找命令： rpm -qa | grep mariadb

        2、查找几个就卸载几个，下载命令如下： rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64

        3、卸载完成之后，vim /etc/my.cnf  应该就没了。这个时候就代表卸载完成

 

2.2、安装依赖

具体根据实际情况，缺啥安装啥，这个也没细总结过

yum install perl -y

 

 

2.3、下载rpm文件

2.3.1下载地址

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

 

 

 2.3.2下载整合版Bundle

 下载整合版： https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

 

2.3.3下载四个文件

下载地址是：

https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

（选择对应的版本）按照顺序来

              

 

           (mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm)

            (mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm)

            (mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm)

            (mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm)

 

 

 

 

2.4、执行命令安装

如果存在冲突或者缺少依赖：

如卸载命令： rpm -e --nodeps mysql-community-common-8.0.19-1.el7.x86_64

如安装命令：yum  install gcc -y

      

依次安装即可，要注意顺序

 

   sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

 

    到这里默认就安装结束，同时已经启动mysql的服务

 

2.5、安装目录如下

数据库目录：/var/lib/mysql/

命令配置：/usr/share/mysql  (mysql.server命令及配置文件)

相关命令：/usr/bin   (mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)

启动脚本：/etc/rc.d/init.d/   (启动脚本文件mysql的目录)

系统配置：/etc/my.conf

 

 

2.6、查看mysql运行状态，并重启

     systemctl status mysqld

     systemctl restart mysqld

 

2.7、重置密码

    1：vim /etc/my.cnf

    2:在最后加上: skip-grant-tables

    3：重启mysql服务: systemctl restart mysqld

    4: mysql -u root-p  不需要输入密码直接enter即可

    5:设置root账号的密码： 

            设置密码：update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root' ;

            刷新：FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

    6：退出mysql：将之前加入的跳过密码验证删掉

                 命令：vim  /etc/my.cnf  

                 把skip-grant-tables去掉

    7: 重新登录数据库

            执行命令出现不能操作情况：show databases; 

            修改密码即可：alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Root123456xxx';

    8:外部不能连接问题

            use mysql  ；

            GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Root123456xxx' WITH GRANT OPTION;

            flush privileges；刷新

 9 ： 安装完成了

 

 

 

 

 

3、tar安装

 

卸载：mariadb

        1、 rpm -qa | grep mariadb

        2、rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64

        3、卸载完成之后，vim /etc/my.cnf  应该就没了

 

3.1、下载安装包

地址：  https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

 

下载地址： https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.30-el7-x86_64.tar

    选择：(mysql-5.7.29-el7-x86_64.tar.gz)

3.2、上传到服务器

位置是：/usr/local/  目录下

 

3.3、解压到当前文件夹/usr/local/

        如果是 tar文件：tar -xvf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

        如果是 tar.gz解压 ：tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

        改名字：mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

3.4、创建data路径

             mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

3.5、创建mysql用户组

        groupadd mysql

        useradd -r -g mysql mysql

 

3.6、授权用户组

     

     chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
     chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data

 

3.7、初始化脚本，5.7中 这个过时了(这里不采用)

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
[root@ip-100 bin]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
2020-01-16 01:23:59 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2020-01-16 01:23:59 [ERROR]   The data directory needs to be specified.

 

 

3.8、更改mysql安装文件夹mysql/的权限

   chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql/

 

3.9、初始化mysql

     3.9.1执行如果出现错误，可能缺少这个依赖：yum install libaio

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir= /usr/local/mysql --datadir= /usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

 

下面是输出内容，注意最后一行的初始化密码，
2020-01-15T17:31:36.283878Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: spPwujtd1z%X

[root@ip-100 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
2020-01-15T17:31:33.818233Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-01-15T17:31:34.417755Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-01-15T17:31:34.510250Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-01-15T17:31:34.759518Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e0788195-37bc-11ea-a2a6-000c29cf0c82.
2020-01-15T17:31:34.765729Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-01-15T17:31:35.831655Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.

2020-01-15T17:31:36.283878Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: spPwujtd1z%X

 

 

3.10、修改Mysql配置文件，并将配置文件放到/etc/init.d/目录下面

vim /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

 

# Set some defaults

mysqld_pid_file_path=

if test -z "$basedir"

then

  basedir=/usr/local/mysql

  bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

  if test -z "$datadir"

  then

    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

  fi

  sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

  libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

else

  bindir="$basedir/bin"

  if test -z "$datadir"

  then

    datadir="$basedir/data"

  fi

  sbindir="$basedir/sbin"

  libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"

fi

 

    3.10.1将当前配置文件加入到启动/etc/init.d/mysqld

（ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 也可以）

         cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

         chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

 

3.11、加入开启自启动，启动mysql。（这个用不用都行）

systemctl enable mysqld

 

 

 

3.12、添加my.cnf

        vi /etc/my.cnf

原先内容：（可能不存在原先的内容）

 

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

 

 

覆盖的内容是：（如果没有卸载mariadb，加上这句 ： !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d ）

[root@ip-100 mysql]# cat  /etc/my.cnf

 

[client]

no-beep

socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

# pipe

# socket=0.0

port=3306

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]

basedir= /usr/local/mysql

datadir =/usr/local/mysql/data

port=3306

pid-file= /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid

#skip-grant-tables

skip-name-resolve

socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

character-set-server=utf8

default-storage-engine=INNODB

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true

# Server Id.

server-id=1

max_connections=2000

query_cache_size=0

table_open_cache=2000

tmp_table_size=246M

thread_cache_size=300

#限定用于每个数据库线程的栈大小。默认设置足以满足大多数应用

thread_stack = 192k

key_buffer_size=512M

read_buffer_size=4M

read_rnd_buffer_size=32M

innodb_data_home_dir =  /usr/local/mysql/data

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0

innodb_log_buffer_size=16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M

innodb_log_file_size=128M

innodb_thread_concurrency=128

innodb_autoextend_increment=1000

innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8

innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000

innodb_old_blocks_time=1000

innodb_open_files=300

innodb_stats_on_metadata=0

innodb_file_per_table=1

innodb_checksum_algorithm=0

back_log=80

flush_time=0

join_buffer_size=128M

max_allowed_packet=1024M

max_connect_errors=2000

open_files_limit=4161

query_cache_type=0

sort_buffer_size=32M

table_definition_cache=1400

binlog_row_event_max_size=8K

sync_master_info=10000

sync_relay_log=10000

sync_relay_log_info=10000

#批量插入数据缓存大小，可以有效提高插入效率，默认为8M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

interactive_timeout = 120

wait_timeout = 120

log-bin-trust-function-creators=1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

 

# include all files from the config directory

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

 

3.13、mysql添加到环境变量中

vim ~/.bash_profile

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

source ~/.bash_profile

 

3.14、启动mysql服务

            /etc/init.d/mysqld start

            #或者：     systemctl restart mysqld

 

    14.1 如果不只是在 /usr/local/mysql路径下面可能会报错，那么执行下面操作，软连接

            执行： ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/mysqld /usr/local/mysql/mysqld

 

下面是网上的报错内容：

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/SZY.err'.
2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).

 

　　因为新版本的mysql安全启动安装包只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径。解决办法：

　　方法1、建立软连接

        cd /usr/local/mysql

        ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd /usr/local/mysql/mysqld

　　方法2、修改mysqld_safe文件（有强迫症的同学建议这种，我用的这种）

        vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

        #将所有的/usr/local/mysql改为/software/mysql

　　    保存退出。（可以将这个文件拷出来再修改然后替换）

 

3.15、登录

         15.1: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p

        输入的密码是刚才初始化的时候生成的密码

 

        15.2：修改mysql的登录密码，在mysql的控制台直接执行即可

        mysql> show databases;

        ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

 

        set password=password('root');

        grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root';

        flush privileges;

 

3.16、修改密码命令：

        alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root.?';

        flush privileges;

 

到此安装完成。