用户模型设计
一、用户表字段分析
- 添加用户手机号字段
- 添加邮箱状态字段
- 迁移操作
- makemigrations
- migrate
二、用户模式设计
代码如下所示：
#apps/users/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser, UserManager as _UserManager
# UserManager as _UserManager 这样指定才会正确继承，按照django源码命名
class UserManager(_UserManager):
"""
重写create_superuser方法，让email默认为空，可以不必传入
"""
def create_superuser(self, username, password, email=None, **extra_fields):
super().create_superuser(username=username, password=password, email=email, **extra_fields)
# 定义用户模型完成后，须去settings，指定AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.Users' ('app.类名')，否则django不会辨识
class Users(AbstractUser):
"""
继承AbstractUser类，拥有其所有属性和方法
add mobile、 email_active fields to Django users modules
"""
# help_text在api接口文档中会用到
# verbose_name在admin站点中会用到
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,unique=True,help_text='手机号',verbose_name='手机号',
error_messages={
'unique':'此手机号已经注册', # 指定报错的中文信息
})
# bool类型， 默认不激活
email_active = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='邮箱验证状态')
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['mobile'] # 重写， 必须输入mobile
# 自定义管理器 此项必须加入，方可让重写的create_superuser方法执行，
# 由于程序自上而下执行，所以调用关系 UserManager再本类之上
objects = UserManager()
# 元数据 User下面的子类Meta,
class Meta:
# 若不指定会以app_类名小写作为数据库名称，开发会对数据库命名有要求
db_table = 'tb_users' #数据库名以tb_开头
verbose_name = '用户' #指在admin战点显示的中文信息
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name #复数形式，英文会用到，中文默认verbose_name
# 打印实例化对象时 会调用该方法
def __str__(self):
return self.username
在settings.py文件中添加如下配置：
# 指定自定义用户模型
# 有了上述简化代码的三部操作 sys.path.insert(0, BASE_DIR) sys.path.insert(1, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))
# 不用apps.users.Users
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.Users'
源码详情
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
use_in_migrations = True
def _create_user(self, username, email, password, **extra_fields):
"""
Create and save a user with the given username, email, and password.
"""
if not username:
raise ValueError('The given username must be set')
email = self.normalize_email(email)
username = self.model.normalize_username(username)
user = self.model(username=username, email=email, **extra_fields)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_user(self, username, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields):
extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
return self._create_user(username, email, password, **extra_fields)
def create_superuser(self, username, email, password, **extra_fields):
extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_staff=True.')
if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.')
return self._create_user(username, email, password, **extra_fields)
class AbstractUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
"""
An abstract base class implementing a fully featured User model with
admin-compliant permissions.
Username and password are required. Other fields are optional.
"""
username_validator = UnicodeUsernameValidator()
# CharField（）必须带有max_length属性
username = models.CharField(
_('username'),
max_length=150,
unique=True,
help_text=_('Required. 150 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @/./+/-/_ only.'),
validators=[username_validator],
error_messages={
'unique': _("A user with that username already exists."),
},
)
# None=True属性 针对数据库允许为空
# blank=True属性 针对校验，前端可以不传这个参数，可以理解form表单为空
first_name = models.CharField(_('first name'), max_length=30, blank=True)
last_name = models.CharField(_('last name'), max_length=150, blank=True)
email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), blank=True)
# is_staff字段,是否有权限进入后台
is_staff = models.BooleanField(
_('staff status'),
default=False,
help_text=_('Designates whether the user can log into this admin site.'),
)
# is_active'字段,用户是否活跃
is_active = models.BooleanField(
_('active'),
default=True,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether this user should be treated as active. '
'Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
),
)
# DateTimeField字段必须设置default=timezone.now
date_joined = models.DateTimeField(_('date joined'), default=timezone.now)
# 用户管理器 objects.get等一些操作查询用户
objects = UserManager()
EMAIL_FIELD = 'email' # google查询 字段重命名 指email名称
USERNAME_FIELD = 'username' # 指用户名称
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['email'] # 必须添加email参数
class Meta:
verbose_name = _('user')
verbose_name_plural = _('users')
abstract = True
def clean(self):
super().clean()
self.email = self.__class__.objects.normalize_email(self.email)
def get_full_name(self):
"""
Return the first_name plus the last_name, with a space in between.
"""
full_name = '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
return full_name.strip()
def get_short_name(self):
"""Return the short name for the user."""
return self.first_name
def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):
"""Send an email to this user."""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)