树莓派配置usb无线网卡
转自：http://blog.csdn.net/brightming/article/details/50365228
用到的几个指令：
lsusb
iwconfig
iwlist
配置文件：
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
/etc/network/interfaces
操作步骤：
1、插入usb无线网卡，用lsusb查看
pi@raspberrypi / $ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp.
pi@raspberrypi / $ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:8176 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN Adapter- 1
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最后一行是我的无线网卡。
2、用ifconfig或者iwconfig看一下无线接口
pi@raspberrypi / $ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:af:4e:a3
inet addr:192.168.1.100 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1796 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1441 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:148587 (145.1 KiB) TX bytes:255477 (249.4 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
pi@raspberrypi / $ iwconfig
wlan0 unassociated Nickname:""
Mode:Auto Frequency=2.412 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated
Sensitivity:0/0
Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
lo no wireless extensions.
eth0 no wireless extensions.
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3、扫描可用无线网络
注意这里需要root权限
pi@raspberrypi / $ iwlist wlan0 scan
wlan0 No scan results
pi@raspberrypi / $ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan
wlan0 Scan completed :
Cell 01 - Address: 78:A1:06:74:5B:44
ESSID:"DDDDD"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:150 Mb/s
Extra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f202
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: Unknown: DD8C0050F204104A0001101044000102103B000103104700100000000000001000000078A106745B44102100074D455243555259102300064D57313530521024000431302E3010420007312E312E302E331054000800060050F204000110110018576972656C657373204E20526F75746572204D5731353052100800022288103C0001011049000600372A000120
Quality=77/100 Signal level=47/100
Cell 02 - Address: BC:D1:77:F8:ED:FC
ESSID:"DDDDD"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:300 Mb/s
Extra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f202
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: Unknown: DD800050F204104A0001101044000102103B0001031047001000000000000010000000BCD177F8EDFC1021000754502D4C494E4B10230009544C2D57523834354E10240003312E3010420003312E301054000800060050F204000110110018576972656C657373204E20526F757465722057523834354E100800020086103C000101
Quality=100/100 Signal level=60/100
Cell 03 - Address: EC:26:CA:D7:9A:F2
ESSID:"DDDDD"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:300 Mb/s
Extra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f202
IE: WPA Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Quality=70/100 Signal level=26/100
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4、产生无线连接需要的配置文件
pi@raspberrypi / $ wpa_passphrase 需要的ssid 相应密码
network={
ssid="需要的ssid"
#psk="密码"
psk=一长串数字
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5、将上面产生的信息填充到配置文件：
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
这里需要root权限。
原来配置文件的内容是这样的：
root@raspberrypi:/# cat /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf.ori
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1- 1
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6、修改/etc/network/interface文件：
需要root权限
root@raspberrypi:/# cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
auto wlan0
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
auto wlan1
allow-hotplug wlan1
iface wlan1 inet dhcp
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf- 1
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7、启动wlan接口
root@raspberrypi:/# ifup wlan0
ifup: interface wlan0 already configured- 1
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启动失败，先关闭：
root@raspberrypi:/# ifdown wlan0
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2
Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
Sending on LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
Sending on Socket/fallback
root@raspberrypi:/# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:af:4e:a3
inet addr:192.168.1.100 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:3713 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2842 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:312801 (305.4 KiB) TX bytes:486817 (475.4 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)- 1
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再启动：
root@raspberrypi:/# ifup wlan0
ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permitted
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2
Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
Sending on LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
DHCPOFFER from 192.168.1.1
DHCPACK from 192.168.1.1
RTNETLINK answers: File exists
bound to 192.168.1.101 -- renewal in 2706 seconds.
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查看情况：
root@raspberrypi:/# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:af:4e:a3
inet addr:192.168.1.100 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:3798 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2900 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:321849 (314.3 KiB) TX bytes:497333 (485.6 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
inet addr:192.168.1.101 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:15 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:4378 (4.2 KiB) TX bytes:5556 (5.4 KiB)
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在电脑上ping这个ip：192.168.1.101，连通。