geth使用clique(PoA)共识启动以太坊私有链

本文参考自:https://hackernoon.com/setup-your-own-private-proof-of-authority-ethereum-network-with-geth-9a0a3750cda8(记录一下方便以后看,文章有省略,具体看原文)

1.创建目录

mkdir devnet

cd devnet

mkdir node1 node2

2.创建账户

geth --datadir node1/ account new

geth --datadir node2/account new

把两个节点的地址和密码都分别写在文件里,以后后面使用.

echo 'node1_addr' >> account.txt

echo 'node2_addr' >> account.txt

echo 'password1' >> node1/password.txt

echo 'password2' >> node2/password.txt

3.创建genesis.json文件

使用geth自带的工具puppeth来创建:

 

devnet$ puppeth

根据提示填写信息(后面操作中可以更改里面的信息)

Please specify a network name to administer (no spaces, please)
> devnet
What would you like to do? (default = stats)
 1. Show network stats
 2. Configure new genesis
 3. Track new remote server
 4. Deploy network components
> 2

Which consensus engine to use? (default = clique)
 1. Ethash - proof-of-work
 2. Clique - proof-of-authority
> 2

How many seconds should blocks take? (default = 15)
> 5 // for example

Which accounts are allowed to seal? (mandatory at least one)
> 0x87366ef81db496edd0ea2055ca605e8686eec1e6 //copy paste from account.txt :)
> 0x08a58f09194e403d02a1928a7bf78646cfc260b0

Which accounts should be pre-funded? (advisable at least one)
> 0x87366ef81db496edd0ea2055ca605e8686eec1e6 // free ethers !
> 0x08a58f09194e403d02a1928a7bf78646cfc260b0

Specify your chain/network ID if you want an explicit one (default = random)
> 1515 // for example. Do not use anything from 1 to 10

Anything fun to embed into the genesis block? (max 32 bytes)
>

What would you like to do? (default = stats)
 1. Show network stats
 2. Manage existing genesis
 3. Track new remote server
 4. Deploy network components
> 2

1. Modify existing fork rules
 2. Export genesis configuration
> 2

Which file to save the genesis into? (default = devnet.json)
> genesis.json
INFO [01-23|15:16:17] Exported existing genesis block

What would you like to do? (default = stats)
 1. Show network stats
 2. Manage existing genesis
 3. Track new remote server
 4. Deploy network components
> ^C // ctrl+C to quit puppeth

注:PoA是没有挖矿奖励的,所以在初始化的时候要给账户存一些余额.

4.初始化节点

geth datadir node1/ init genesis.json

geth datadir node2/ init genesis.json

5.创建一个bootnode

bootnode的作用是路由功能,可以发现网络中的节点.

初始化:

 

devnet$ bootnode -genkey boot.key

6.开始运行bootnode服务:

 

devnet$ bootnode -nodekey boot.key -verbosity 9 -addr :30310
INFO [02-07|22:44:09] UDP listener up                          self=enode://3ec4fef2d726c2c01f16f0a0030f15dd5a81e274067af2b2157cafbf76aa79fa9c0be52c6664e80cc5b08162ede53279bd70ee10d024fe86613b0b09e1106c40@[::]:30310

7.运行节点:

启动node1:

 

devnet$ geth --datadir node1/ --syncmode 'full' --port 30311 --rpc --rpcaddr 'localhost' --rpcport 8501 --rpcapi 'personal,db,eth,net,web3,txpool,miner,net' --bootnodes 'enode://3ec4fef2d726c2c01f16f0a0030f15dd5a81e274067af2b2157cafbf76aa79fa9c0be52c6664e80cc5b08162ede53279bd70ee10d024fe86613b0b09e1106c40@127.0.0.1:30310' --networkid 1515 --gasprice '1' -unlock '0x87366ef81db496edd0ea2055ca605e8686eec1e6' --password node1/password.txt --mine

启动node2:

 

devnet$ geth --datadir node2/ --syncmode 'full' --port 30312 --rpc --rpcaddr 'localhost' --rpcport 8502 --rpcapi 'personal,db,eth,net,web3,txpool,miner,net' --bootnodes 'enode://3ec4fef2d726c2c01f16f0a0030f15dd5a81e274067af2b2157cafbf76aa79fa9c0be52c6664e80cc5b08162ede53279bd70ee10d024fe86613b0b09e1106c40@127.0.0.1:30310' --networkid 1515 --gasprice '0' --unlock '0x08a58f09194e403d02a1928a7bf78646cfc260b0' --password node2/password.txt --mine

 

(具体参数含义见原文,还是挺详细的)

 

bootnode, node1, node2的运行截图分别如下(从原文直接粘过来的,在我的电脑也运行成功了,界面差不多)

 

到此为止,已经可以启动了PoA共识的私有链.原文中还有一些后续的操作和扩展,具体参见原文吧.(另,膜拜原文大神)

 

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（如果只是想搭建一个私有链或者联盟链，不想使用以太坊pow挖矿的话，可以使用quorum（摩根大通在修改以太坊某些特性，做成一个联盟链），可以看一下这一篇