Linux分区工具——fdisk && parted

分区模式:

    ①MBR(msdos)主引导记录分区方案

        · 分区类型:主分区、逻辑分区、扩展分区

        · 最多只能有4个主分区:

            - (理论)1~4个主分区,或(实际)3个主分区+1个扩展分区(n个逻辑分区)
            - 每个分区最大支持容量为2.2TB的磁盘
            - 扩展分区不能格式化

    ②gpt分区模式

        · gpt模式可以分128个主分区,每个分区大小可以超过2T。

        · 便于非交互式使用

分区工具:

    ①fdisk

        · format disk,格式化磁盘

        · 用途:交互式,MBR模式专用分区表操作工具软件

        · 格式:

[root@shell1 ~]# lsblk                                 #列出块设备
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
vda             252:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─vda1          252:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─vda2          252:2    0   19G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
vdb             252:16   0   20G  0 disk              #新磁盘,准备分区使用

]# fdisk /dev/vdb                 #要分区的磁盘

Command (m for help):m            #按m进入帮助
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition                            #删除一个分区
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition                           #添加一个新分区
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table                     #查看当前的分区表
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit                  #保存并退出
   x   extra functionality (experts only)


Command (m for help): n                                                   #新建分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)                               #分区类型,p,主分区
   e   extended                                                              #分区类型,e,扩展分区
Select (default p):                                                       #选择分区类型
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):                                        #选择分区值
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):                               #设置分区的开始位置
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039):  #设置分区的结束位置
Using default value 41943039
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p                                                   #查看分区表
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa227ad92
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048    41943039    20970496   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w                                                   #保存分区
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

    ②parted

        · 分区模式:gpt、msdos

        · parted可以分128个主分区,每个分区大小可以超过2T

        · 便于非交互式操作

        · 用途:一个分区处理程序

        · 格式:

交互式:
[root@shell1 ~]# parted /dev/vdb           #分区磁盘
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/vdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) m                                 #查看帮助
  align-check TYPE N                       check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
                                           # 创建一个新磁盘分区模式
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
                                           # 创建分区的类型 开始值 结束值
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table,available devices,
                                           free space, all found partitions, or a particular 
                                           partition
                                           # 输出分区信息
  quit                                     exit program
                                           退出
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of 
                                           GNU Parted

(parted) mklabel gpt                       #创建分区模式
(parted) mkpart primary 1M 10%             #创建主分区 从1M开始 10%结束,留1M给系统使用,避免出问题
(parted) print                             #输出分区信息
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  2147MB  2146MB               primary
(parted) quit                              #退出

[root@shell1 ~]# partprobe /dev/vdb        #刷新分区


非交互式:
[root@test ~]# parted /dev/vdb mklabel gpt              #选择分区模式
[root@test ~]# parted /dev/vdb mkpart primary 1 2G      #创建分区 主分区 1M开始 2G结束
[root@test ~]# parted /dev/vdb print                    #输出分区信息
[root@test ~]# partprobe /dev/vdb                       #刷新分区

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/xinsui1314x/blog/3002834

你可能感兴趣的:(Linux分区工具——fdisk && parted)