Asp.net Web.config文件读取路径你真的清楚吗？

我们经常都在用ConfigurationManager的AppSettings和ConnectionStrings属性，当一个项目中有很多Web.config时它们的读取顺序究竟是怎么的了？也许我们可以通过实验得出一些结论，但我这里仅从源代码上来分析一下。

无论是ConfigurationManager的AppSettings还是ConnectionStrings属性都在调用方一个共同的方法GetSection。从GetSection方法我们知道他主要是调用IInternalConfigSystem实例的GetSection方法，在这里用实例的GetSection方法之前它调用了一个PrepareConfigSystem方法。一看这个方法名称我们就知道他是为ConfigSystem做准备工作的。而它也是在调用一个EnsureConfigurationSystem方法，这个方法有一句很重要  s_configSystem = newClientConfigurationSystem();但是我们在Web中用的难道就是ClientConfigurationSystem类吗？不一定！让我们 确认一下，在web的项目中，我们添加一下代码：

   FieldInfo s_configSystem = typeof(ConfigurationManager).GetField("s_configSystem", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
            object clientConfigurationSystem  = s_configSystem.GetValue(null);

运行结果表明IInternalConfigSystem的实例是一个HttpConfigurationSystem类型。我们大家应该还知道http处理的开始是在HttpRuntime的

public static void ProcessRequest(HttpWorkerRequest wr)->private void ProcessRequestInternal(HttpWorkerRequest wr) ->private void EnsureFirstRequestInit(HttpContext context)->private void FirstRequestInit(HttpContext context)->private static void InitHttpConfiguration()->  HttpConfigurationSystem.EnsureInit(null, true, true).这里我想能说明IInternalConfigSystem的实例类型是HttpConfigurationSystem

internal static void EnsureInit(IConfigMapPath configMapPath, bool listenToFileChanges, bool initComplete)
{
    if (!s_inited)
    {
        lock (s_initLock)
        {
            if (!s_inited)
            {
                s_initComplete = initComplete;
                if (configMapPath == null)
                {
                    configMapPath = IISMapPath.GetInstance();
                }
                s_configMapPath = configMapPath;
                s_configSystem = (IConfigSystem) Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetType("System.Configuration.Internal.ConfigSystem, System.Configuration, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a", true), true);
                object[] hostInitParams = new object[6];
                hostInitParams[0] = true;
                hostInitParams[1] = s_configMapPath;
                hostInitParams[3] = HostingEnvironment.ApplicationVirtualPath;
                hostInitParams[4] = HostingEnvironment.SiteNameNoDemand;
                hostInitParams[5] = HostingEnvironment.SiteID;
                s_configSystem.Init(typeof(WebConfigurationHost), hostInitParams);
                s_configRoot = s_configSystem.Root;
                s_configHost = (WebConfigurationHost) s_configSystem.Host;
                HttpConfigurationSystem internalConfigSystem = new HttpConfigurationSystem();
                if (listenToFileChanges)
                {
                    s_configRoot.ConfigChanged += new InternalConfigEventHandler(internalConfigSystem.OnConfigurationChanged);
                }
                s_configSettingsFactory = (IInternalConfigSettingsFactory) Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetType("System.Configuration.Internal.InternalConfigSettingsFactory, System.Configuration, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a", true), true);
                s_configSettingsFactory.SetConfigurationSystem(internalConfigSystem, initComplete);
                s_httpConfigSystem = internalConfigSystem;
                s_inited = true;
            }
        }
    }
}

这段代码主要是实例化了一个HttpConfigurationSystem，InternalConfigSettingsFactory，其中有一句 s_configSettingsFactory.SetConfigurationSystem(internalConfigSystem, initComplete)很是重要，让我们来看看InternalConfigSettingsFactory的SetConfigurationSystem方法：

void IInternalConfigSettingsFactory.SetConfigurationSystem(IInternalConfigSystem configSystem, bool initComplete)
    {
        ConfigurationManager.SetConfigurationSystem(configSystem, initComplete);
    }

其中ConfigurationManager.SetConfigurationSystem有这么一句

internal static void SetConfigurationSystem(IInternalConfigSystem configSystem, bool initComplete)
{
        s_configSystem = configSystem;       
}
我想大家现在应该明白为什么IInternalConfigSystem这里是HttpConfigurationSystem了吧。
现在让我们来看看HttpConfigurationSystem的GetSection方法

internal static object GetSection(string sectionName)
{
    HttpContext current = HttpContext.Current;
    if (current != null)
    {
        return current.GetSection(sectionName);
    }
    return GetApplicationSection(sectionName);
}
它实际上是调用的HttpContext 的GetSection方法：

public object GetSection(string sectionName)
{
    if (HttpConfigurationSystem.UseHttpConfigurationSystem)
    {
        return this.GetConfigurationPathData().ConfigRecord.GetSection(sectionName);
    }
    return ConfigurationManager.GetSection(sectionName);
}
最终调用的是CachedPathData的GetVirtualPathData，其调用参数依次是 CachedPathData.GetVirtualPathData(this._request.FilePathObject, false)，如果这个有返回值就直接返回，否则继续调用CachedPathData.GetVirtualPathData(this._configurationPath, true)，

internal static CachedPathData GetVirtualPathData(VirtualPath virtualPath, bool permitPathsOutsideApp)
{
    if (!HostingEnvironment.IsHosted)
    {
        return GetRootWebPathData();
    }
    if (virtualPath != null)
    {
        virtualPath.FailIfRelativePath();
    }
    if ((virtualPath != null) && virtualPath.IsWithinAppRoot)
    {
        return GetConfigPathData(WebConfigurationHost.GetConfigPathFromSiteIDAndVPath(HostingEnvironment.SiteID, virtualPath));
    }
    if (!permitPathsOutsideApp)
    {
        throw new ArgumentException(SR.GetString("Cross_app_not_allowed", new object[] { (virtualPath != null) ? virtualPath.VirtualPathString : "null" }));
    }
    return GetApplicationPathData();
}

这个方法主要是调用GetConfigPathData方法，参数一次是( "machine/webroot");(WebConfigurationHost.GetConfigPathFromSiteIDAndVPath(HostingEnvironment.SiteID, virtualPath)); virtualPath));，HostingEnvironment.AppConfigPath，要想知道

(WebConfigurationHost.GetConfigPathFromSiteIDAndVPath(HostingEnvironment.SiteID, virtualPath));virtualPath));

HostingEnvironment.AppConfigPath

这两个东西在实际的项目中返回的东西可以把以下代码放到web项目中就可以知道它们具体是说明东西了。
            MethodInfo m = Type.GetType("System.Web.Configuration.WebConfigurationHost,System.Web,Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a")
                .GetMethod("GetConfigPathFromSiteIDAndVPath", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
            PropertyInfo sitID = typeof(HostingEnvironment).GetProperty("SiteID", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
            object SitID = sitID.GetValue(null, new object[] { });
            PropertyInfo filePathObject = typeof(HttpRequest).GetProperty("FilePathObject", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
            object FilePathObject = filePathObject.GetValue(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request, new object[]{});
            object obj = m.Invoke(null, new object[] { SitID, FilePathObject });

            PropertyInfo appConfigPath = typeof(HostingEnvironment).GetProperty("AppConfigPath", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static);
            object AppConfigPath = appConfigPath.GetValue(null, new object[] { });

有关CachedPathData 的
private static CachedPathData GetConfigPathData(string configPath)方法具体实现我们及忽略它吧，很是复杂。最主要是这些方法都是内部私有方法，知道了也没多大意义。要想改变web.config的读取路径，理论上很简单就是自己实现一个IInternalConfigSystem子类来修改读取路径。不过这个类的修改非常庞大，我们退而求次来改变Request的_filePath变量来实现修改读取路径的方法。
具体的实现代码如下：

  void MvcApplication_PostMapRequestHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpContextBase context = new HttpContextWrapper(((HttpApplication)sender).Context);
            string channelName = context.Request.RequestContext.RouteData.Values["ChannelName"].ToString();
            Type typeVirtualPath = Type.GetType("System.Web.VirtualPath,System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a");
            Type typeCachedPathData = Type.GetType("System.Web.CachedPathData,System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a");
            MethodInfo Create = typeVirtualPath.GetMethod("Create", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public, null, new Type[] { typeof(string) }, null);

            PropertyInfo _filePathObject = typeof(HttpRequest).GetProperty("FilePathObject", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
            object filePathObject = _filePathObject.GetValue(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request, new object[] { });

            PropertyInfo _virtualPathString = typeVirtualPath.GetProperty("VirtualPathString");
            object virtualPathString = _virtualPathString.GetValue(filePathObject, new object[] { });
            string newPathString = virtualPathString.ToString().Replace(channelName, "Views/Channel/" + channelName);

            object newVirtualPathString = Create.Invoke(null, new object[] { newPathString });

            FieldInfo filePath = typeof(HttpRequest).GetField("_filePath", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
            filePath.SetValue(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request, newVirtualPathString);

            object filePathData = typeCachedPathData.GetMethod("GetVirtualPathData", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic)
                .Invoke(null, new object[] { newVirtualPathString, false });

            FieldInfo _filePathData = typeof(HttpContext).GetField("_filePathData", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
            _filePathData.SetValue(HttpContext.Current, filePathData);
            //string aa = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["TestData"].Trim();
        }

其实个人并不是很建议大家来修改默认的ConfigurationManager来实现该功能。如果需要实现建议大家用WebConfigurationManager来实现。

   var str= WebConfigurationManager.OpenWebConfiguration("/Views/Channel/men/web.config").AppSettings.Settings["TestData"].Value;

看看这个是不是很简单啊。具体的代码http://download.csdn.net/detail/dz45693/4774677