MySQL核心基础（五）——视图与流程控制
文章目录
- 视图
- 一、创建视图
- 二、视图的修改
- 方式一
- 方式二
- 三、删除视图
- 四、查看视图
- 五、视图的更新
- 一、分支结构
- 1.if函数
- 2.case结构
- 3.if结构
- 二、循环结构
- 1.while
- 2.loop
- 3.repeat
视图
含义：虚拟表，和普通表一样使用
mysql5.1版本出现的新特性，是通过表动态生成的数据
创建语法的关键字 是否实际占用物理空间 使用
视图 create view 只是保存了sql逻辑 增删改查，只是一般不能增删改
表 create table 保存了数据 增删改查
#案例：查询姓张的学生名和专业名
SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
INNER JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`= m.`id`
WHERE s.`stuname` LIKE '张%';
CREATE VIEW v1
AS
SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
INNER JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`= m.`id`;
SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE stuname LIKE '张%';
一、创建视图
语法：
create view 视图名
as
查询语句;
USE myemployees;
#1.查询姓名中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息
#①创建
CREATE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name,job_title
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
JOIN jobs j ON j.job_id = e.job_id;
#②使用
SELECT * FROM myv1 WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';
#2.查询各部门的平均工资级别
#①创建视图查看每个部门的平均工资
CREATE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
#②使用
SELECT myv2.`ag`,g.grade_level
FROM myv2
JOIN job_grades g
ON myv2.`ag` BETWEEN g.`lowest_sal` AND g.`highest_sal`;
#3.查询平均工资最低的部门信息
SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;
#4.查询平均工资最低的部门名和工资
CREATE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;
SELECT d.*,m.ag
FROM myv3 m
JOIN departments d
ON m.`department_id`=d.`department_id`;
二、视图的修改
方式一
/*
create or replace view 视图名
as
查询语句;
*/
SELECT * FROM myv3
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
方式二
/*
语法：
alter view 视图名
as
查询语句;
*/
ALTER VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM employees;
三、删除视图
语法：drop view 视图名,视图名,…;
DROP VIEW emp_v1,emp_v2,myv3;
四、查看视图
DESC myv3;
SHOW CREATE VIEW myv3;
五、视图的更新
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) "annual salary"
FROM employees;
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email
FROM employees;
SELECT * FROM myv1;
SELECT * FROM employees;
#1.插入
INSERT INTO myv1 VALUES('张飞','[email protected]');
#2.修改
UPDATE myv1 SET last_name = '张无忌' WHERE last_name='张飞';
#3.删除
DELETE FROM myv1 WHERE last_name = '张无忌';
具备以下特点的视图不允许更新
①包含以下关键字的sql语句：分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或者union all
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) m,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
SELECT * FROM myv1;
#更新
UPDATE myv1 SET m=9000 WHERE department_id=10;
②常量视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT 'john' NAME;
SELECT * FROM myv2;
#更新
UPDATE myv2 SET NAME='lucy';
③Select中包含子查询
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT department_id,(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees) 最高工资
FROM departments;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv3;
UPDATE myv3 SET 最高工资=100000;
④join
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv4
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id = d.department_id;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv4;
UPDATE myv4 SET last_name = '张飞' WHERE last_name='Whalen';
INSERT INTO myv4 VALUES('陈真','xxxx');
⑤from一个不能更新的视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv5
AS
SELECT * FROM myv3;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv5;
UPDATE myv5 SET 最高工资=10000 WHERE department_id=60;
⑥where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv6
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
SELECT manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv6;
UPDATE myv6 SET salary=10000 WHERE last_name = 'k_ing';
# 流程控制结构
顺序、分支、循环
一、分支结构
1.if函数
语法：if(条件,值1，值2)
功能：实现双分支
应用在begin end中或外面
2.case结构
语法：
情况1：类似于switch
case 变量或表达式
when 值1 then 语句1;
when 值2 then 语句2;
…
else 语句n;
end
情况2：
case
when 条件1 then 语句1;
when 条件2 then 语句2;
…
else 语句n;
end
应用在begin end 中或外面
3.if结构
语法：
if 条件1 then 语句1;
elseif 条件2 then 语句2;
…
else 语句n;
end if;
功能：类似于多重if
只能应用在begin end 中
案例1：创建函数，实现传入成绩，如果成绩>90,返回A，如果成绩>80,返回B，如果成绩>60,返回C，否则返回D
CREATE FUNCTION test_if(score FLOAT) RETURNS CHAR
BEGIN
DECLARE ch CHAR DEFAULT 'A';
IF score>90 THEN SET ch='A';
ELSEIF score>80 THEN SET ch='B';
ELSEIF score>60 THEN SET ch='C';
ELSE SET ch='D';
END IF;
RETURN ch;
END $
SELECT test_if(87)$
案例2：创建存储过程，如果工资<2000,则删除，如果5000>工资>2000,则涨工资1000，否则涨工资500
CREATE PROCEDURE test_if_pro(IN sal DOUBLE)
BEGIN
IF sal<2000 THEN DELETE FROM employees WHERE employees.salary=sal;
ELSEIF sal>=2000 AND sal<5000 THEN UPDATE employees SET salary=salary+1000 WHERE employees.`salary`=sal;
ELSE UPDATE employees SET salary=salary+500 WHERE employees.`salary`=sal;
END IF;
END $
CALL test_if_pro(2100)$
案例1：创建函数，实现传入成绩，如果成绩>90,返回A，如果成绩>80,返回B，如果成绩>60,返回C，否则返回D
CREATE FUNCTION test_case(score FLOAT) RETURNS CHAR
BEGIN
DECLARE ch CHAR DEFAULT 'A';
CASE
WHEN score>90 THEN SET ch='A';
WHEN score>80 THEN SET ch='B';
WHEN score>60 THEN SET ch='C';
ELSE SET ch='D';
END CASE;
RETURN ch;
END $
SELECT test_case(56)$
二、循环结构
分类：
while、loop、repeat
循环控制：
iterate类似于 continue，继续，结束本次循环，继续下一次
leave 类似于 break，跳出，结束当前所在的循环
1.while
语法：
【标签:】while 循环条件 do
循环体;
end while【 标签】;
联想：
while(循环条件){
循环体;
}
2.loop
语法：
【标签:】loop
循环体;
end loop 【标签】;
可以用来模拟简单的死循环
3.repeat
语法：
【标签：】repeat
循环体;
until 结束循环的条件
end repeat 【标签】;
1.没有添加循环控制语句
#案例：批量插入，根据次数插入到admin表中多条记录
DROP PROCEDURE pro_while1$
CREATE PROCEDURE pro_while1(IN insertCount INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 1;
WHILE i<=insertCount DO
INSERT INTO admin(username,`password`) VALUES(CONCAT('Rose',i),'666');
SET i=i+1;
END WHILE;
END $
CALL pro_while1(100)$
int i=1;
while(i<=insertcount){//插入
i++;
}
2.添加leave语句
#案例：批量插入，根据次数插入到admin表中多条记录，如果次数>20则停止
TRUNCATE TABLE admin$
DROP PROCEDURE test_while1$
CREATE PROCEDURE test_while1(IN insertCount INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 1;
a:WHILE i<=insertCount DO
INSERT INTO admin(username,`password`) VALUES(CONCAT('xiaohua',i),'0000');
IF i>=20 THEN LEAVE a;
END IF;
SET i=i+1;
END WHILE a;
END $
CALL test_while1(100)$
3.添加iterate语句
#案例：批量插入，根据次数插入到admin表中多条记录，只插入偶数次
TRUNCATE TABLE admin$
DROP PROCEDURE test_while1$
CREATE PROCEDURE test_while1(IN insertCount INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 0;
a:WHILE i<=insertCount DO
SET i=i+1;
IF MOD(i,2)!=0 THEN ITERATE a;
END IF;
INSERT INTO admin(username,`password`) VALUES(CONCAT('xiaohua',i),'0000');
END WHILE a;
END $
CALL test_while1(100)$
/*
int i=0;
while(i<=insertCount){
i++;
if(i%2==0){
continue;
}
插入}
*/