SpringBoot
是为了简化Spring
应用的创建、运行、调试、部署等一系列问题而诞生的产物,自动装配的特性让我们可以更好的关注业务本身而不是外部的XML配置,我们只需遵循规范,引入相关的依赖就可以轻易的搭建出一个 WEB 工程
Spring Framework
对数据库的操作在JDBC
上面做了深层次的封装,通过依赖注入
功能,可以将 DataSource
注册到JdbcTemplate
之中,使我们可以轻易的完成对象关系映射,并有助于规避常见的错误,在SpringBoot
中我们可以很轻松的使用它。
特点
Spring
自家出品,几乎没有额外配置JDBC
是基础知识,JdbcTemplate
更像是一个DBUtils
在 pom.xml
中添加对 JdbcTemplate
的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbcartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
在application.properties
中添加如下配置。值得注意的是,SpringBoot默认会自动配置DataSource
,它将优先采用HikariCP
连接池,如果没有该依赖的情况则选取tomcat-jdbc
,如果前两者都不可用最后选取Commons DBCP2
。通过spring.datasource.type
属性可以指定其它种类的连接池
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/chapter4?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.username=root
#spring.datasource.type
#更多细微的配置可以通过下列前缀进行调整
#spring.datasource.hikari
#spring.datasource.tomcat
#spring.datasource.dbcp2
启动项目,通过日志,可以看到默认情况下注入的是HikariDataSource
2018-05-07 10:33:54.021 INFO 9640 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Bean with name 'dataSource' has been autodetected for JMX exposure
2018-05-07 10:33:54.026 INFO 9640 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Located MBean 'dataSource': registering with JMX server as MBean [com.zaxxer.hikari:name=dataSource,type=HikariDataSource]
2018-05-07 10:33:54.071 INFO 9640 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2018-05-07 10:33:54.075 INFO 9640 --- [ main] com.battcn.Chapter4Application : Started Chapter4Application in 3.402 seconds (JVM running for 3.93)
完成基本配置后,接下来进行具体的编码操作。为了减少代码量,就不写UserDao
、UserService
之类的接口了,将直接在Controller
中使用JdbcTemplate
进行访问数据库操作,这点是不规范的,各位别学我…
创建一张 t_user
的表
CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
`id` int(8) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键自增',
`username` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
`password` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '密码',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='用户表';
package com.battcn.entity;
/**
* @author Levin
* @since 2018/5/7 0007
*/
public class User {
private Long id;
private String username;
private String password;
// TODO 省略get set
}
package com.battcn.controller;
import com.battcn.entity.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author Levin
* @since 2018/4/23 0023
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class SpringJdbcController {
private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Autowired
public SpringJdbcController(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
}
@GetMapping
public List queryUsers() {
// 查询所有用户
String sql = "select * from t_user";
return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new Object[]{}, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class));
}
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
// 根据主键ID查询
String sql = "select * from t_user where id = ?";
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new Object[]{id}, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class));
}
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
public int delUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
// 根据主键ID删除用户信息
String sql = "DELETE FROM t_user WHERE id = ?";
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id);
}
@PostMapping
public int addUser(@RequestBody User user) {
// 添加用户
String sql = "insert into t_user(username, password) values(?, ?)";
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, user.getUsername(), user.getPassword());
}
@PutMapping("/{id}")
public int editUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User user) {
// 根据主键ID修改用户信息
String sql = "UPDATE t_user SET username = ? ,password = ? WHERE id = ?";
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), id);
}
}
由于上面的接口是 restful 风格的接口,添加和修改无法通过浏览器完成,所以需要我们自己编写junit
或者使用postman
之类的工具。
创建单元测试Chapter4ApplicationTests
,通过TestRestTemplate
模拟GET
、POST
、PUT
、DELETE
等请求操作
package com.battcn;
import com.battcn.entity.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author Levin
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Chapter4Application.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class Chapter4ApplicationTests {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Chapter4ApplicationTests.class);
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate template;
@LocalServerPort
private int port;
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {
template.postForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/users", new User("user1", "pass1"), Integer.class);
log.info("[添加用户成功]\n");
// TODO 如果是返回的集合,要用 exchange 而不是 getForEntity ,后者需要自己强转类型
ResponseEntity> response2 = template.exchange("http://localhost:" + port + "/users", HttpMethod.GET, null, new ParameterizedTypeReference>() {
});
final List body = response2.getBody();
log.info("[查询所有] - [{}]\n", body);
Long userId = body.get(0).getId();
ResponseEntity response3 = template.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/users/{id}", User.class, userId);
log.info("[主键查询] - [{}]\n", response3.getBody());
template.put("http://localhost:" + port + "/users/{id}", new User("user11", "pass11"), userId);
log.info("[修改用户成功]\n");
template.delete("http://localhost:" + port + "/users/{id}", userId);
log.info("[删除用户成功]");
}
}
本章介绍了JdbcTemplate
常用的几种操作,详细请参考JdbcTemplate API文档
目前很多大佬都写过关于 SpringBoot
的教程了,如有雷同,请多多包涵,本教程基于最新的 spring-boot-starter-parent:2.0.1.RELEASE
编写,包括新版本的特性都会一起介绍…
battcn
个人博客:http://blog.battcn.com/
全文代码:https://github.com/battcn/spring-boot2-learning/tree/master/chapter4