大漠拆句-8

大漠拆句：
继大漠点词之后又一个新的尝试，精选14-15年托福阅读真题中出现的句子简化题并进行拆解精析，最终的目标是希望能够帮助同学们掌握长难句的读法，在有词汇量的基础上快速把握句子主干。最终轻松搞定句子简化题，但更重要的是掌握一般性的长难句的读法，为所有的阅读考试扫平障碍。目前正在积累备课中，未来一到两月备课成熟以后上线。

The Multiplier Effect（2014.05.11）

To understand the major changes in social organization and complexity that took place, it was necessary, said Renfrew, to determine the impact that new variables emerging in the early Bronze Age may have had on every interrelated aspect of the local social system.

主干：

it was necessary to determine the impact ( that new variables have had on every interrelated aspect of the local social system.)

严格来讲本句的真正主干是it was necessary to determine the impact 就停了，但是为了更好地理解句意，把握「impact」具体的内容就很重要，所以也在这里加上后面的定语从句。

非主干成分:

• to do 表示目的状语

to understand the major changes in social organization and complexity

• 定语从句

• that took place
• ... that new variables have had on every interrelated aspect of the local social system.

• 非谓语动词短语作定语

... emerging in the early Bronze Age ...

其他值得一提的知识点

• 句中有一个重要的结构「it be +adj. + to do」(it was necessary to determine the impact )，这个结构是初中级别的难度，但是在本句中这个结构作为框架提起了整个句子的核心。

• determine: 大家都知道的determine有「决定做...」的意思，但是在考试中determine经常有「测定／算出」（find out/calculate）的意思。

翻译：

为了理解社会组织发生的巨大变化，算清楚在青铜时代早期出现的新的变量对当地社会体系可能的影响就非常有必要，Renfrew说。

翻译仁者见仁，这里只是抛砖引玉作为参考

真题实战

A. Renfrew said that local variables affected the complex social organization of the early Bronze Age.
B. Renfrew said that the major changes in social organization could be understood only by examining the effects of the new developments that took place in the early Bronze Age.
C. The early Bronze Age, Renfrew said, was a time in which there were major changes to many interrelated aspects of local social systems
D. To understand the social organization and complexity of the early Bronze Age, it was necessary, said Renfrew, first to determine what new variables had emerged.

答案：B
解释：关于简化题的做法日后专门说，这里只是简单提一下最核心的原则：主干对主干。B选项的主干为major changes could be understood only by examining the effects of the new developments that...，主干与原文一致;
A主干：R said that local variables affected the complex social organization
C主干：The early Bronze Age was a time in which there were major changes 这个主干其实问题不大，但关键在后面生生加了一个原文没有的因果关系。
D主干：it was necessary to determine what new variables had emerged

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