智能社JavaScript学习笔记——11 - DOM基础

DOM (Document Object Model, 文档对象模型)

标签——CSS
元素——JS
节点——DOM

元素属性操作方式:
1. oDiv.style.display = ‘block’;
2. oDiv.style[‘display’] = ‘block’;
3. DOM方式

DOM方式操作元素属性:
1. 获取:getAttribute(名称)
2. 设置:setAttribute(名称,值)
3. 删除:removeAttribute(名称)


<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title>title>
<script>
window.onload=function()
{
    var oTxt = document.getElementById('txt1'); 
    var oBtn = document.getElementById('btn1'); 

    oBtn.onclick = function()
    {
        //oTxt.value = "adgregg";

        //oTxt['value'] = "adgregg";   // oTxt[value] 错误!!!

        oTxt.setAttribute('value', 'dilgislgi');
    };
};
script>

head>
<body>
<input id="txt1" type="text" />
<input id="btn1" type="button" value="按钮"/>
body>
html>

DOM节点
获取子节点 :childNodes nodeType (不兼容,可以用children代替)
parentNode
例子:点击链接,隐藏整个li
offsetParent
例子:获取元素在页面上的实际位置

子节点

注意:子节点只算第一层!
文本节点
元素节点


<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title>title>
<script>
window.onload=function(){
    var oUl = document.getElementById('ul1');
    alert(oUl.childNodes.length);
};
script>

head>
<body>
<ul id='ul1'>
    <li>li>
    <li>li>
ul>
body>
html>

结果:
chrome、FF、IE9 : 5
IE6-8: 2

不兼容,改用children:


<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title>title>
<script>
window.onload=function(){
    var oUl = document.getElementById('ul1');
    alert(oUl.children.length);
    for(var i=0; i'red';
    }
};
script>

head>
<body>
<ul id='ul1'>
    <li>li>
    <li>li>
ul>
body>
html>

*NodeType (节点类型):*


<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title>title>
<script>
window.onload=function(){
    var oUl = document.getElementById('ul1');
    //alert(oUl.childNodes.length);
    //nodeType==3   ->  文本节点
    //nodeType==1   ->  元素节点
    for(var i=0; iif(oUl.childNodes[i].nodeType==1){
            oUl.childNodes[i].style.background = 'red';
        }
    }
};
script>

head>
<body>
<ul id='ul1'>
    <li>li>
    <li>li>
ul>
body>
html>

子节点(2)

DOM节点(2)
首尾子节点 (有兼容性问题 )

  • firstChild (IE6-8)、firstElementChild (chrome、FF、IE9)
  • lastChild (IE6-8) 、lastElementChild(chrome、FF、IE9)

兄弟节点 (有兼容性问题)

  • nextSibling (IE6-8)、nextElementSibling(chrome、FF、IE9)
  • previousSibling (IE6-8)、previousElementSibling(chrome、FF、IE9)

<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title>title>
<script>
window.onload=function()
{
    var oUl = document.getElementById('ul1');   

    if(oUl.firstElementChild) // 解决兼容问题,用if做判断
    {
        //高级浏览器:
        oUl.firstElementChild.style.background = 'red';
    }
    else
    {
        //IE6-8:
        oUl.firstChild.style.background = 'red';
    }
};
script>

head>
<body>
<ul id='ul1'>
    <li>1li>
    <li>2li>
    <li>3li>
ul>
body>
html>

父节点(parentNode)


<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title>title>
<script>
window.onload=function()
{
    var aA = document.getElementsByTagName('a');
    for(var i=0; ifunction ()
        {
            //aA[i].parentNode.style.display = 'none'; // 不行
            this.parentNode.style.display = 'none';
        }; // 用this获取当前点击的链接!!!
    }
};
script>

head>
<body>
<ul id='ul1'>
    <li>123445<a href=javascript:;>隐藏a>li>
    <li>dseggggg<a href=javascript:;>隐藏a>li>
    <li>ohkgrg5<a href=javascript:;>隐藏a>li>
    <li>llllll<a href=javascript:;>隐藏a>li>
    <li>bbbbbbbbbbb<a href=javascript:;>隐藏a>li>
ul>
body>
html>

offsetParent: 用来获取一个元素定位的父级


<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title>title>
<style>
#div1 {width:200px; height:200px; background:#ccc; margin:100px; position:relative;}
#div2 {width:100px; height:100px; background:red; position:absolute; left:50px; top:50px;}
style>
<script>
window.onload=function()
{
    var oDiv2 = document.getElementById('div2');

    alert(oDiv2.offsetParent);
};
script>

head>
<body>
<div id='div1'>
    <div id='div2'>
    div>
div>
body>
html>

输出结果: [object HTMLDivElement]

如果去掉div1样式中的 position: relative; 那么div2就相对于body定位。
输出结果: [object HTMLBodyElement]

用className获取元素


<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title>title>
<script>
window.onload=function()
{
    var oUl = document.getElementById('ul1');   
    var aLi = oUl.getElementsByTagName('li');   

    for(var i=0; iif(aLi[i].className == "box")
        {
            aLi[i].style.background = "red";
        }
    }
};
script>

head>
<body>
<ul id="ul1">
    <li class="box">li>
    <li class="box">li>
    <li>li>
    <li>li>
    <li>li>
    <li class="box">li>
    <li>li>
ul>
body>
html>

把用className取元素的功能封装成一个函数:


<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title>title>
<script>
function getByClass(oParent, sClass)
{
    var aResult = [];
    var aEle = oParent.getElementsByTagName('*'); // *是通配符

    for(var i=0; iif(aEle[i].className == sClass)
        {
            aResult.push(aEle[i]);
        }
    }

    return aResult;
}


window.onload=function()
{
    var oUl = document.getElementById('ul1');   
    var aBox = getByClass(oUl, "box")

    for(var i=0; i"red";   
    }
};
script>

head>
<body>
<ul id="ul1">
    <li class="box">li>
    <li class="box">li>
    <li>li>
    <li>li>
    <li>li>
    <li class="box">li>
    <li>li>
ul>
body>
html>

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