14_ElasticSearch 使用most_fields策略进行cross-fields search

ElasticSearch使用most_fields策略进行cross-fields search

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概述

  • cross-fields搜索,一个唯一标识,跨了多个field
  • 比如一个人,标识,是姓名;一个建筑,它的标识是地址。姓名可以散落在多个field中,比如first_name和last_name中,地址可以散落在country,province,city中。
  • 跨多个field搜索一个标识,比如搜索一个人名,或者一个地址,就是cross-fields搜索
  • 初步来说,如果要实现,可能用most_fields比较合适。因为best_fields是优先搜索单个field最匹配的结果,cross-fields本身就不是一个field的问题了。

存在的问题:

  • 只是找到尽可能多的field匹配的doc,而不是某个field完全匹配的doc
  • most_fields,没办法用minimum_should_match去掉长尾数据,就是匹配的特别少的结果
  • TF/IDF算法,比如Peter Smith和Smith Williams,搜索Peter Smith的时候,由于first_name中很少有Smith的,所以query在所有document中的频率很低,得到的分数很高,可能Smith Williams反而会排在Peter Smith前面

例子

增加属性:author_first_name、author_last_name

POST /forum/article/_bulk
{ "update": { "_id": "1"} }
{ "doc" : {"author_first_name" : "Peter", "author_last_name" : "Smith"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "2"} }
{ "doc" : {"author_first_name" : "Smith", "author_last_name" : "Williams"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "3"} }
{ "doc" : {"author_first_name" : "Jack", "author_last_name" : "Ma"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "4"} }
{ "doc" : {"author_first_name" : "Robbin", "author_last_name" : "Li"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "5"} }
{ "doc" : {"author_first_name" : "Tonny", "author_last_name" : "Peter Smith"} }

most_fields方式实现查询:

GET /forum/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query":       "Peter Smith",
      "type":        "most_fields",
      "fields":      [ "author_first_name", "author_last_name" ]
    }
  }
}

查询结果:

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 0.6931472,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "forum",
        "_type": "article",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.6931472,
        "_source": {
          "articleID": "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
          "userID": 1,
          "hidden": false,
          "postDate": "2017-01-02",
          "tag": [
            "java"
          ],
          "tag_cnt": 1,
          "view_cnt": 50,
          "title": "this is java blog",
          "content": "i think java is the best programming language",
          "sub_title": "learned a lot of course",
          "author_first_name": "Smith",
          "author_last_name": "Williams"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "forum",
        "_type": "article",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "articleID": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID": 1,
          "hidden": false,
          "postDate": "2017-01-01",
          "tag": [
            "java",
            "hadoop"
          ],
          "tag_cnt": 2,
          "view_cnt": 30,
          "title": "this is java and elasticsearch blog",
          "content": "i like to write best elasticsearch article",
          "sub_title": "learning more courses",
          "author_first_name": "Peter",
          "author_last_name": "Smith"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "forum",
        "_type": "article",
        "_id": "5",
        "_score": 0.51623213,
        "_source": {
          "articleID": "DHJK-B-1395-#Ky5",
          "userID": 3,
          "hidden": false,
          "postDate": "2017-03-01",
          "tag": [
            "elasticsearch"
          ],
          "tag_cnt": 1,
          "view_cnt": 10,
          "title": "this is spark blog",
          "content": "spark is best big data solution based on scala ,an programming language similar to java",
          "sub_title": "haha, hello world",
          "author_first_name": "Tonny",
          "author_last_name": "Peter Smith"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
  • 查询结果的排序 不是我们想要的。
  • Peter Smith,匹配author_first_name,匹配到了Smith,这时候它的分数很高,为什么。
  • 因为IDF分数高,IDF分数要高,那么这个匹配到的term(Smith),在所有doc中的出现频率要低,author_first_name field中,Smith就出现过1次
  • Peter Smith这个人,doc 1,Smith在author_last_name中,但是author_last_name出现了两次Smith,所以导致doc 1的IDF分数较低

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  • ElasticSearch 笔记
  • 1_ElasticSearch使用term filter来搜索数据

  • 2_ElasticSearch filter执行原理 bitset机制与caching机制

  • 3_ElasticSearch 基于bool组合多个filter条件来搜索数据

  • 4_ElasticSearch 使用terms搜索多个值

  • 5_ElasticSearch 基于range filter来进行范围过滤

  • 6_ElasticSearch 控制全文检索结果的精准度

  • 7_ElasticSearch term+bool实现的multiword搜索原理

  • 8_基于boost的搜索条件权重控制

  • 9_ElasticSearch 多shard场景下relevance score不准确

  • 10_ElasticSearch dis_max实现best fields策略进行多字段搜索

  • 11_ElasticSearch 基于tie_breaker参数优化dis_max搜索效果

  • 12_ElasticSearch multi_match语法实现dis_max+tie_breaker

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