Linux丶晨星

OpenStack Train版部署

文章目录

1. 服务组件的密码
2. Openstack环境准备
3. 控制节点基础配置
4. keystone
5. glance
6. placement
7. nova

7.1 安装nova计算服务（controller控制节点192.168.0.10）
7.2 安装nova计算服务（computel01计算节点 192.168.0.20）
7.3 在控制节点上进行验证nova服务

8. neutron

8.1 安装neutron网络服务（controller控制节点192.168.0.10）
8.2 在计算节点安装neutron网络服务（computel01计算节点192.168.0.20）
8.3 可选:安装neutron网络服务节点（neutron01网络节点192.168.0.30）

9. Horizon
10. 创建虚拟网络并启动实例操作

10.1 第一种: 建立公共提供商网络
10.2 第二种: 建立普通租户的私有自助服务网络
10.3 启动一个实例

10.3.1 在公共提供商网络上启动实例
10.3.2 在租户自助网络上启动实例
10.3.3 故障记录

11.cinder

11.1 安装cindoer块存储服务(控制节点192.168.0.10)
11.2 安装cindoer块存储服务节点(存储节点192.168.0.40)
11.4 使用卷创建实例报错的故障
11.5 (可选)在存储节点上安装备份服务,需要安装对象存储服务后才能使用

12. openstack对接ceph存储
13. Docker容器
14. Kubernetes与OpenStack的共生

1. 服务组件的密码

密码名称	描述
ADMIN_PASS	admin用户密码
CINDER_DBPASS	块设备存储服务的数据库密码
CINDER_PASS	块设备存储服务的 cinder 密码
DASH_DBPASS	仪表板的数据库密码
DEMO_PASS	demo用户的密码
MYUSER_PASSWORD	myuser用户的密码
GLANCE_DBPASS	镜像服务的数据库密码
GLANCE_PASS	镜像服务的 glance 用户密码
KEYSTONE_DBPASS	认证服务的数据库密码
METADATA_SECRET	元数据代理的密码
NEUTRON_DBPASS	网络服务的数据库密码
NEUTRON_PASS	网络服务的 neutron 用户密码
NOVA_DBPASS	计算服务的数据库密码
NOVA_PASS	计算服务的 nova 用户的密码
PLACEMENT_PASS	展示位置服务placement用户的密码
RABBIT_PASS	RabbitMQ服务的openstack用户的密码

=====================================================

2. Openstack环境准备

每台服务器关闭防火墙和selinux

systemctl stop firewalld

vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

setenforce 0

服务器环境准备

准备两台优化好的服务器用来部署环境,一台控制节点一台计算节点

生成环境中建议按下面的推荐,将服务分布式部署到单独的服务器上

CPU	支持 intel64 或 AMD64 CPU扩展，并启用AMD-H或intel VT硬件虚拟化支持的64位x86处理器
系统版本	CentOS7.6 版本
内存最低要求	根据实际测试环境选择 >=4G
硬盘	根据实际测试环境选择 >=50G
防火墙	关闭
SELINUX	关闭
YUM源	阿里云的Yum源

虚拟机IP分配情况

主机	IP地址	主机名	注意事项
控制节点	eth0:192.168.0.10/24 ；eth1: 10.0.1.10/24	controller	至少4G，要开虚拟化
计算节点	eth0:192.168.0.20/24 ；eth1: 10.0.1.20/24	computel01	至少4G，要开虚拟化
网络节点	eth0:192.168.0.30/24 ；eth1: 10.0.1.30/24	neutron01	至少2G，要开虚拟化
存储节点	eth0:192.168.0.40/24 ；eth1: 10.0.1.40/24	cinder01	至少2G，要开虚拟化

eth0网卡为NAT模式，eth1网卡为仅主机模式

将仅虚拟机的VMnet1仅主机网络设置为可以共享当前主机的外网网卡

设置仅主机模式的网段为10.0.1.0/24

修改VMware的虚拟网络编辑器，这里的仅主机网络IP为手动设置，也可以打开DHCP，在eth1网卡配置文件中则不需要配置IP

=====================================================

3. 控制节点基础配置

为其他节点批量下发秘钥

yum install sshpass -y

#测试环境下每台服务器的root密码设置相同了,生产中可写多条sshpass下发秘钥命令
[root@controller ~]# cat >>/server/scripts/fenfa_pub.sh<< EOF
#!/bin/bash
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P ''
for ip in 20 30 40
do
sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no 10.0.1.$ip
done
EOF
---------
sh /server/scripts/fenfa_pub.sh

配置hosts

[root@controller ~]# cat >>/etc/hosts <
192.168.0.10 controller 
192.168.0.20 computel01
192.168.0.30 neutron01
192.168.0.40 cinder01
EOF

批量分发hosts文件

for ip in 20 30 40 ;do scp -rp /etc/hosts [email protected].$ip:/etc/hosts ;done

ntp时间同步

#controller节点
yum install chrony -y
vim /etc/chrony.conf 
  server ntp1.aliyun.com iburst
  allow 192.168.0.10/24

systemctl restart chronyd.service 
systemctl enable chronyd.service 
chronyc sources

#其他节点上配置
yum install chrony -y
vim /etc/chrony.conf 
  server controller iburst

systemctl restart chronyd.service 
systemctl enable chronyd.service 
chronyc sources

安装train版yum源

yum install centos-release-openstack-train -y

安装客户端

yum install python-openstackclient -y

安装数据库

#也可以自定义配置其他版本的数据库,例如mysql
yum install mariadb mariadb-server python2-PyMySQL -y

openstack控制节点重启连接后可能会报一堆错误,下载此应用可以解决此问题

yum install libibverbs -y
cat > /etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf << EOF
[mysqld]
bind-address = 192.168.0.10
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8
EOF

systemctl enable mariadb.service
systemctl start mariadb.service
#mysql初始化
mysql_secure_installation

安装消息队列服务

yum install rabbitmq-server -y
systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management 

rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS
rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"

安装Memcached

yum install memcached python-memcached -y
sed -i '/OPTIONS/c\OPTIONS="-l 0.0.0.0,::1"' /etc/sysconfig/memcached
systemctl restart memcached.service
systemctl enable memcached.service

安装 etcd

#IP地址为控制节点192.168.0.10

yum install etcd -y
cp -a /etc/etcd/etcd.conf{,.bak}
cat > /etc/etcd/etcd.conf <<EOF 
#[Member]
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.0.10:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.0.10:2379"
ETCD_NAME="controller"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.0.10:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.0.10:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="controller=http://192.168.0.10:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster-01"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

systemctl restart etcd.service
systemctl enable etcd.service

=====================================================

4. keystone

安装 keystone 认证
https://docs.openstack.org/keystone/train/install/index-rdo.html

mysql -uroot 
create database keystone;
grant all privileges on keystone.* to 'keystone'@'localhost' identified by 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
grant all privileges on keystone.* to 'keystone'@'%' identified by 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
flush privileges;

yum install openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi -y
cp /etc/keystone/keystone.conf{,.bak}
egrep -v '^$|^#' /etc/keystone/keystone.conf.bak >/etc/keystone/keystone.conf

openstack-utils能够让openstack安装更加简单，直接在命令行修改配置文件

yum install -y openstack-utils -y

openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf database connection  mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf token provider  fernet

#填充keystone数据库
su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone
mysql keystone  -e 'show tables'

keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password ADMIN_PASS \
  	--bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
  	--bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
  	--bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
  	--bootstrap-region-id RegionOne

mysql keystone -e 'select * from role'

配置Apache HTTP服务器

#一定记得关闭selinux  setenforce 0

echo "ServerName controller" >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ln -s /usr/share/keystone/wsgi-keystone.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/
systemctl restart httpd.service
systemctl enable httpd.service

为admin用户添加环境变量，目的是可以提高客户端操作的效率,省去不必要的输入

#官方文档将admin用户和demo租户的变量写入到了家目录下,本文中创建的租户为mysuer

cat >> ~/admin-openrc << EOF
#admin-openrc
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
EOF
source ~/admin-openrc

创建域，项目，用户和角色

#创建新域的方法
openstack domain create --description "An Example Domain" example

#创建service 项目
openstack project create --domain default --description "Service Project" service

#创建myproject项目
openstack project create --domain default   --description "Demo Project" myproject

#创建myuser用户,需要输入新用户的密码(--password-prompt为交互式,--password+密码为非交互式)
openstack user create --domain default   --password MYUSER_PASSWORD myuser

#创建user角色
openstack role create user

#查看角色
openstack role list

#将user角色添加到myproject项目和myuser用户
openstack role add --project myproject --user  myuser user

#验证keystone
unset OS_AUTH_URL OS_PASSWORD

以admin用户身份请求身份验证令牌,使用admin用户密码ADMIN_PASS

openstack --os-auth-url http://controller:5000/v3 \
  --os-project-domain-name Default --os-user-domain-name Default \
  --os-project-name admin --os-username admin token issue

为创建的myuser用户，请请求认证令牌, 使用myuser用户密码MYUSER_PASSWORD

openstack --os-auth-url http://controller:5000/v3 \
  --os-project-domain-name Default --os-user-domain-name Default \
  --os-project-name myproject --os-username myuser token issue

为myuser用户也添加一个环境变量文件,密码为myuser用户的密码,

cat >> ~/myuser-openrc << EOF
#myuser-openrc
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=myproject
export OS_USERNAME=myuser
export OS_PASSWORD=MYUSER_PASSWORD
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
EOF

#需要用到此用户的时候source生效一下

官方文档中创建了demo用户，也添加一个环境变量文件

cat >> ~/demo-openrc << EOF
#demo-openrc
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=myproject
export OS_USERNAME=demo
export OS_PASSWORD=DEMO_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
EOF

请求身份验证令牌

openstack token issue

=====================================================

5. glance

安装glance镜像服务

https://docs.openstack.org/glance/train/install/install-rdo.html

创建数据库并授权

mysql -u root 
create database glance;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
flush privileges;

创建glance用户

source ~/admin-openrc
openstack user create --domain default --password GLANCE_PASS glance

将管理员admin用户添加到glance用户和项目中

openstack role add --project service --user glance admin

创建glance服务实体

openstack service create --name glance --description "OpenStack Image" image

创建glance服务API端点,OpenStack使用三种API端点变种代表每种服务：admin、internal、public

openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image public http://controller:9292
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image internal http://controller:9292
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image admin http://controller:9292

安装glance软件包

yum install openstack-glance -y

编辑glance配置文件 /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

cp -a /etc/glance/glance-api.conf{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf.bak > /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf database connection  mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance

openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken www_authenticate_uri   http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url  http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers  controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type  password
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken project_name  service
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken username  glance
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken password  GLANCE_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf paste_deploy flavor  keystone

openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf glance_store stores  file,http
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf glance_store default_store  file
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf glance_store filesystem_store_datadir  /var/lib/glance/images/

编辑镜像服务的另一个组件文件 /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf

cp -a /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf.bak > /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf

openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf database connection  mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance

openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken www_authenticate_uri   http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url  http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers  controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type  password
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken project_name  service
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken username  glance
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken password  GLANCE_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf paste_deploy flavor  keystone

同步写入镜像数据库

su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance

启动glance服务并设置开机自启

systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service
systemctl restart openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service
lsof -i:9292

赋予openstack-glance-api.service服务对存储设备的可写权限

chown -hR glance:glance /var/lib/glance/

下载cirros镜像验证glance服务

wget -c http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.5.1/cirros-0.5.1-x86_64-disk.img

上传镜像

#这里不要使用官方文档里面的glance image-create这样的写法，新版本的OpenStack已经不支持，尽量统一使用以openstack开头的命令写法
openstack image create --file ~/cirros-0.5.1-x86_64-disk.img --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --public cirros

查看镜像

openstack image list
glance image-list

#查看镜像的物理文件
ll /var/lib/glance/images/

##删除镜像的命令
openstack image delete <ID>

================================================

6. placement

安装placement放置服务
https://docs.openstack.org/placement/train/install/install-rdo.html
https://docs.openstack.org/placement/train/install/

创建placement数据库

mysql -uroot
CREATE DATABASE placement;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON placement.* TO 'placement'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'PLACEMENT_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON placement.* TO 'placement'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'PLACEMENT_DBPASS';
flush privileges;

创建placement用户

openstack user create --domain default --password PLACEMENT_PASS placement

将Placement用户添加到服务项目中

openstack role add --project service --user placement admin

创建placement API服务实体

openstack service create --name placement --description "Placement API" placement

创建placement API服务访问端点

openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement public http://controller:8778
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement internal http://controller:8778
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement admin http://controller:8778

安装placement软件包

yum install openstack-placement-api -y

修改配置文件/etc/placement/placement.conf

cp /etc/placement/placement.conf /etc/placement/placement.conf.bak
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/placement/placement.conf.bak > /etc/placement/placement.conf

openstack-config --set /etc/placement/placement.conf placement_database connection mysql+pymysql://placement:PLACEMENT_DBPASS@controller/placement

openstack-config --set /etc/placement/placement.conf api auth_strategy keystone

openstack-config --set /etc/placement/placement.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url  http://controller:5000/v3
openstack-config --set /etc/placement/placement.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/placement/placement.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/placement/placement.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default
openstack-config --set /etc/placement/placement.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default
openstack-config --set /etc/placement/placement.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/placement/placement.conf keystone_authtoken username placement
openstack-config --set /etc/placement/placement.conf keystone_authtoken password PLACEMENT_PASS

填充placement数据库

su -s /bin/sh -c "placement-manage db sync" placement
mysql placement  -e 'show tables'

修改placement的apache配置文件，官方文档没有提到，如果不修改，计算服务检查时将会报错

#启用placement API访问
[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/00-placement-api.conf
 ...
15   #SSLCertificateKeyFile
  #SSLCertificateKeyFile ...
<Directory /usr/bin>
   <IfVersion >= 2.4>
      Require all granted
   </IfVersion>
   <IfVersion < 2.4>
      Order allow,deny
      Allow from all
   </IfVersion>
</Directory>
...

#重启apache服务
systemctl restart httpd.service
netstat -lntup|grep 8778
lsof -i:8778

#curl地址看是否能返回json
curl http://controller:8778

验证检查健康状态

placement-status upgrade check

==================================================

7. nova

nova计算服务需要在控制节点和计算节点都安装
https://docs.openstack.org/nova/train/install/

控制节点主要安装

nova-api（nova主服务）
nova-scheduler（nova调度服务）
nova-conductor（nova数据库服务，提供数据库访问）
nova-novncproxy（nova的vnc服务，提供实例的控制台）

计算节点主要安装
nova-compute（nova计算服务）

7.1 安装nova计算服务（controller控制节点192.168.0.10）

创建nova_api，nova和nova_cell0数据库并授权

mysql -uroot 
CREATE DATABASE nova_api;
CREATE DATABASE nova;
CREATE DATABASE nova_cell0;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_cell0.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_cell0.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
flush privileges;

创建nova用户

openstack user create --domain default --password NOVA_PASS nova

向nova用户添加admin角色

openstack role add --project service --user nova admin

创建nova服务实体

openstack service create --name nova --description "OpenStack Compute" compute

创建Compute API服务端点

openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute internal http://controller:8774/v2.1
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute admin http://controller:8774/v2.1

安装nova软件包

yum install openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-nova-scheduler -y

编辑nova服务的配置文件/etc/nova/nova.conf

cp -a /etc/nova/nova.conf{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/nova/nova.conf.bak > /etc/nova/nova.conf

openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT enabled_apis  osapi_compute,metadata
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT my_ip  192.168.0.10
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT use_neutron  true
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT firewall_driver  nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT transport_url  rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf api_database connection  mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova_api
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf database connection  mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf placement_database connection  mysql+pymysql://placement:PLACEMENT_DBPASS@controller/placement
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf api auth_strategy  keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url  http://controller:5000/v3
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers  controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type  password
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_name  service
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken username  nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken password  NOVA_PASS

openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc enabled  true
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc server_listen  ' $my_ip'
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc server_proxyclient_address  ' $my_ip'

openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf glance api_servers  http://controller:9292
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path  /var/lib/nova/tmp
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf placement region_name  RegionOne
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf placement project_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf placement project_name  service
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf placement auth_type  password
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf placement user_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf placement auth_url  http://controller:5000/v3
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf placement username  placement
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf placement password  PLACEMENT_PASS

填充nova-api数据库

su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 map_cell0" nova
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 create_cell --name=cell1 --verbose" nova
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova

验证nova cell0和cell1是否正确注册

su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 list_cells" nova

启动计算服务nova并将其配置为开机自启

systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service
systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service

检查nova服务是否启动

netstat -tnlup|egrep '8774|8775'
curl http://controller:8774

7.2 安装nova计算服务（computel01计算节点 192.168.0.20）

安装软件包

yum install centos-release-openstack-train -y
yum install openstack-nova-compute -y
yum install -y openstack-utils -y

编辑计算节点上的nova配置文件/etc/nova/nova.conf

cp /etc/nova/nova.conf{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/nova/nova.conf.bak > /etc/nova/nova.conf

openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT enabled_apis  osapi_compute,metadata
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT transport_url  rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT my_ip 192.168.0.20
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT use_neutron  true
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT firewall_driver  nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf api auth_strategy  keystone
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url  http://controller:5000/v3
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers  controller:11211
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type  password
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_name  service
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken username  nova
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken password  NOVA_PASS
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc enabled  true
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc server_listen  0.0.0.0
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc server_proxyclient_address  ' $my_ip'
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc novncproxy_base_url http://controller:6080/vnc_auto.html
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf glance api_servers  http://controller:9292
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path  /var/lib/nova/tmp
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf placement region_name  RegionOne
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf placement project_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf placement project_name  service
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf placement auth_type  password
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf placement user_domain_name  Default
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf placement auth_url  http://controller:5000/v3
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf placement username  placement
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf placement password  PLACEMENT_PASS

确定计算节点是否支持虚拟机硬件加速

egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

#如果此命令返回值不是0，则计算节点支持硬件加速，不需要加入下面的配置。
#如果此命令返回值是0，则计算节点不支持硬件加速，并且必须配置libvirt为使用QEMU而不是KVM，需要编辑/etc/nova/nova.conf 配置文件中的[libvirt]部分：
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf libvirt virt_type  qemu

启动计算节点的nova服务及其相关服务，并设置开机自启

#如果nova-compute服务无法启动，请检查 /var/log/nova/nova-compute.log。该错误消息可能表明控制器节点上的防火墙阻止访问端口5672。将防火墙配置为打开控制器节点上的端口5672并重新启动 计算节点上的服务。
systemctl restart libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service
systemctl enable libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service

到控制节点上验证计算节点（controller）

[root@controller ~]# openstack compute service list --service nova-compute

控制节点上发现计算主机

#添加每台新的计算节点时，必须在控制器节点上运行”su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 discover_hosts --verbose" nova“以注册这些新的计算节点。
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 discover_hosts --verbose" nova

#也可以设置适当的发现时间间隔来添加新的计算节点
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf scheduler discover_hosts_in_cells_interval 600

systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service

7.3 在控制节点上进行验证nova服务

controller计算节点 192.168.0.10

列出服务组件以验证每个进程的成功启动和注册情况

openstack compute service list

列出身份服务中的API端点以验证与身份服务的连接

openstack catalog list

列出图像服务中的图像以验证与图像服务的连接性

openstack image list

检查Cells和placement API是否正常运行

nova-status upgrade check

==================================================

8. neutron

https://docs.openstack.org/neutron/train/install/

8.1 安装neutron网络服务（controller控制节点192.168.0.10）

创建neutron数据库

mysql -uroot
CREATE DATABASE neutron;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NEUTRON_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NEUTRON_DBPASS';
flush privileges;

创建neutron用户

openstack user create --domain default --password NEUTRON_PASS neutron

向neutron用户添加admin角色

openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin

创建neutron服务实体

openstack service create --name neutron --description "OpenStack Networking" network

创建neutron服务端点

openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network public http://controller:9696
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network internal http://controller:9696
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network admin http://controller:9696

安装neutron软件包

yum install openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables -y

- openstack-neutron：neutron-server的包
- openstack-neutron-ml2：ML2 plugin的包
- openstack-neutron-linuxbridge：linux bridge network provider相关的包
- ebtables：防火墙相关的包

编辑neutron服务配置文件/etc/neutron/neutron.conf

#配置二层网络
cp -a /etc/neutron/neutron.conf{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf.bak > /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf database connection  mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@controller/neutron
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT core_plugin ml2
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT service_plugins router
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT allow_overlapping_ips true
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT transport_url  rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy  keystone
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT notify_nova_on_port_status_changes  true
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT notify_nova_on_port_data_changes  true
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken www_authenticate_uri  http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url  http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers  controller:11211
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type  password
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name  default
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name  default
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_name  service
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken username  neutron
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken password  NEUTRON_PASS
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path  /var/lib/neutron/tmp
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  auth_url http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  auth_type password
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  project_name service
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  username nova
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  password NOVA_PASS

ML2 plugin的配置文件ml2_conf.ini

cp -a /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini

openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 type_drivers  flat,vlan,vxlan
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 tenant_network_types vxlan
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 mechanism_drivers  linuxbridge,l2population
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 extension_drivers  port_security
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_flat flat_networks  provider
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_vxlan vni_ranges 1:1000
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini securitygroup enable_ipset  true

配置Linux网桥代理

Linux网桥代理为实例构建第2层（桥接和交换）虚拟网络基础结构并处理安全组
修改配置文件/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini

#官方配置文档中，
#PROVIDER_INTERFACE_NAME指的是eth0网卡，就是连接外部网络的那块网卡
#OVERLAY_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS指的是控制节点访问外网的IP地址

cp -a /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini

openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini linux_bridge physical_interface_mappings  provider:eth0
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan enable_vxlan  true
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan local_ip 192.168.0.10
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan l2_population true
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup enable_security_group  true
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup firewall_driver  neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver

#修改linux内核参数设置为1
echo 'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1' >>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1'  >>/etc/sysctl.conf
#启用网络桥接器支持，加载 br_netfilter 内核模块
modprobe br_netfilter
sysctl -p

配置第3层 l3代理为自助式虚拟网络提供路由和NAT服务

#配置三层网络
cp -a /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini

openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini DEFAULT interface_driver linuxbridge

配置DHCP代理，DHCP代理为虚拟网络提供DHCP服务

#修改配置文件/etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini
cp -a /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini

openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT interface_driver linuxbridge
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT dhcp_driver neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT enable_isolated_metadata true

配置元数据代理

#元数据代理提供配置信息，例如实例的凭据
#修改配置文件/etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini ，并为元数据设置密码METADATA_SECRET
cp -a /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini

openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT nova_metadata_host  controller
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT metadata_proxy_shared_secret  METADATA_SECRET

在控制节点上配置Nova服务与网络服务进行交互

#修改配置文件/etc/nova/nova.conf

openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron url  http://controller:9696
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_url  http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_type  password
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_domain_name  default
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron user_domain_name  default
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron region_name  RegionOne
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_name  service
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron username  neutron
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron password  NEUTRON_PASS
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron service_metadata_proxy  true
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron metadata_proxy_shared_secret  METADATA_SECRET

创建ml2的软连接文件指向ML2插件配置的软链接

ln -s /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini

填充数据库

su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron

重新启动nova API计算服务

systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service

启动neutron服务和配置开机启动

systemctl enable neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service
systemctl restart neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service

因配置了第3层l3网络服务需要启动第三层服务

systemctl enable neutron-l3-agent.service
systemctl restart neutron-l3-agent.service

8.2 在计算节点安装neutron网络服务（computel01计算节点192.168.0.20）

安装组件

yum install openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables ipset -y

修改neutron主配置文件/etc/neutron/neutron.conf

cp -a /etc/neutron/neutron.conf{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf.bak > /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT transport_url rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone 
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken www_authenticate_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken username neutron
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken password NEUTRON_PASS 
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path /var/lib/neutron/tmp

配置Linux网桥代理

cp -a /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini

openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini linux_bridge physical_interface_mappings  provider:eth0
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan enable_vxlan  true
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan local_ip 192.168.0.20
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan l2_population true
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup enable_security_group  true
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup firewall_driver  neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver

修改linux系统内核网桥参数为1

echo 'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1' >>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1'  >>/etc/sysctl.conf
modprobe br_netfilter
sysctl -p

配置计算节点上Nova服务使用网络服务

#修改nova配置文件/etc/nova/nova.conf，添加neutron模块配置

openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_url http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_type password
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_name service
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron username neutron
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron password NEUTRON_PASS

重新启动计算节点上的Nova服务

systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute.service

启动neutron网桥代理服务设置开机自启动

systemctl enable neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
systemctl restart neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service

回到控制节点验证Neutron网络服务-（controller控制节点192.168.0.10）

#列出已加载的扩展，以验证该neutron-server过程是否成功启动
[root@controller ~]# openstack extension list --network

#列出代理商以验证成功
[root@controller ~]# openstack network agent list

8.3 可选:安装neutron网络服务节点（neutron01网络节点192.168.0.30）

网络配置按照官网文档的租户自助网络

配置系统参数

echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1' >>/etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

安装train版yum源

yum install centos-release-openstack-train -y

安装客户端

yum install python-openstackclient -y

安装组件

yum install openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables openstack-utils -y

编辑neutron服务配置文件/etc/neutron/neutron.conf

#配置二层网络
cp -a /etc/neutron/neutron.conf{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf.bak > /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf database connection  mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@controller/neutron
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT core_plugin ml2
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT service_plugins router
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT allow_overlapping_ips true
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT transport_url  rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy  keystone
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT notify_nova_on_port_status_changes  true
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT notify_nova_on_port_data_changes  true
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken www_authenticate_uri  http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url  http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers  controller:11211
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type  password
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name  default
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name  default
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_name  service
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken username  neutron
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken password  NEUTRON_PASS
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path  /var/lib/neutron/tmp
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  auth_url http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  auth_type password
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  project_name service
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  username nova
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova  password NOVA_PASS

ML2 plugin的配置文件ml2_conf.ini

cp -a /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini

openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 type_drivers  flat,vlan,vxlan
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 tenant_network_types vxlan
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 mechanism_drivers  linuxbridge,l2population
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 extension_drivers  port_security
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_flat flat_networks  provider
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_vxlan vni_ranges 1:1000
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini securitygroup enable_ipset  true

配置Linux网桥代理

#Linux网桥代理为实例构建第2层（桥接和交换）虚拟网络基础结构并处理安全组
#修改配置文件/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini

#官网配置文档中：
#PROVIDER_INTERFACE_NAME指的是eth0网卡，就是连接外部网络的那块网卡
#OVERLAY_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS指的是控制节点访问外网的IP地址

cp -a /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini

openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini linux_bridge physical_interface_mappings  provider:eth0
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan enable_vxlan  true
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan local_ip 192.168.0.30
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan l2_population true
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup enable_security_group  true
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup firewall_driver  neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver

#修改linux内核参数设置为1
echo 'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1' >>/etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1'  >>/etc/sysctl.conf

#启用网络桥接器支持，加载 br_netfilter 内核模块
modprobe br_netfilter
sysctl -p

配置第3层 l3代理为自助式虚拟网络提供路由和NAT服务

#配置三层网络
cp -a /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini

openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini DEFAULT interface_driver linuxbridge

配置DHCP代理，DHCP代理为虚拟网络提供DHCP服务

#修改配置文件/etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini
cp -a /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini

openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT interface_driver linuxbridge
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT dhcp_driver neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT enable_isolated_metadata true

配置元数据代理

#元数据代理提供配置信息，例如实例的凭据
#修改配置文件/etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini ，并为元数据设置密码METADATA_SECRET
cp -a /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini.bak > /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini

openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT nova_metadata_host  controller
openstack-config --set  /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT metadata_proxy_shared_secret  METADATA_SECRET

创建ml2的软连接文件指向ML2插件配置的软链接

ln -s /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini

填充数据库

su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron

在controller控制节点上配置nova服务与网络节点服务进行交互
如果是单独安装网络节点则添加以下操作，如果已经在配置计算节点的网络服务时，在控制节点的配置文件/etc/nova/nova.conf添加了neutron模块 ,则不用再次添加

openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron url  http://controller:9696  #此条官方文档未添加
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_url  http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_type  password
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_domain_name  default
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron user_domain_name  default
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron region_name  RegionOne
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_name  service
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron username  neutron
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron password  NEUTRON_PASS
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron service_metadata_proxy  true
openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron metadata_proxy_shared_secret  METADATA_SECRET

#在controller控制节点上重新启动nova API计算服务
systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service

回到网络节点启动neutron服务和配置开机启动

systemctl enable neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service
systemctl restart neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service

因配置了第3层l3网络服务需要启动第三层服务

systemctl enable neutron-l3-agent.service
systemctl restart neutron-l3-agent.service

可以到控制节点再次验证Neutron网络服务-（controller控制节点192.168.0.10）

#列出已加载的扩展，以验证该neutron-server过程是否成功启动
[root@controller ~]# openstack extension list --network

#列出代理商以验证成功
[root@controller ~]# openstack network agent list
+--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+-------------------+-------+-------+---------------------------+
| ID                                   | Agent Type         | Host       | Availability Zone | Alive | State | Binary                    |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+-------------------+-------+-------+---------------------------+
| 44624896-15d1-4029-8ac1-e2ba3f850ca6 | DHCP agent         | controller | nova              | :-)   | UP    | neutron-dhcp-agent        |
| 50b90b02-b6bf-4164-ae29-a20592d6a093 | Linux bridge agent | controller | None              | :-)   | UP    | neutron-linuxbridge-agent |
| 52761bf6-164e-4d91-bcbe-01a3862b0a4e | DHCP agent         | neutron01  | nova              | :-)   | UP    | neutron-dhcp-agent        |
| 82780de2-9ace-4e24-a150-f6b6563d7fc8 | Linux bridge agent | computel01 | None              | :-)   | UP    | neutron-linuxbridge-agent |
| b22dfdda-fcc7-418e-bdaf-6b89e454ee83 | Linux bridge agent | neutron01  | None              | :-)   | UP    | neutron-linuxbridge-agent |
| bae84064-8cf1-436a-9cb2-bf9f906a9357 | Metadata agent     | neutron01  | None              | :-)   | UP    | neutron-metadata-agent    |
| cbd972ef-59f2-4fba-b3b3-2e12c49c5b03 | L3 agent           | neutron01  | nova              | :-)   | UP    | neutron-l3-agent          |
| dda8af2f-6c0b-427a-97f7-75fd1912c60d | L3 agent           | controller | nova              | :-)   | UP    | neutron-l3-agent          |
| f2193732-9f88-4e87-a82c-a81e1d66c2e0 | Metadata agent     | controller | None              | :-)   | UP    | neutron-metadata-agent    |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+-------------------+-------+-------+---------------------------+

=====================================================

9. Horizon

https://docs.openstack.org/horizon/train/install/

OpenStack仪表板Dashboard服务的项目名称是Horizon，它所需的唯一服务是身份服务keystone，开发语言是python的web框架Django。

安装Train版本的Horizon有以下要求

Python 2.7、3.6或3.7
Django 1.11、2.0和2.2
Django 2.0和2.2支持在Train版本中处于试验阶段
Ussuri发行版（Train发行版之后的下一个发行版）将使用Django 2.2作为主要的Django版本。Django 2.0支持将被删除。

在计算节点（compute01 192.168.0.20）上安装仪表板服务horizon

由于horizon运行需要apache，为了不影响控制节点上的keystone等其他服务使用的apache，故在计算节点上安装。安装之前确认以前安装的服务是否正常启动。（也可以按照官方文档步骤部署在控制节点上）

#安装软件包
yum install openstack-dashboard memcached python-memcached -y

修改memcached配置文件

sed -i '/OPTIONS/c\OPTIONS="-l 0.0.0.0,::1"' /etc/sysconfig/memcached
systemctl restart memcached.service
systemctl enable memcached.service

修改配置文件/etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings

cp -a /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings.bak >/etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings

下面的所有注释不要写到配置文件中,这里只是用作解释含义,可以继续向下查看修改完整的配置文件内容

[root@computel01 ~]# vim /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings
#配置仪表盘在controller节点上使用OpenStack服务
OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller"

#允许主机访问仪表板,接受所有主机,不安全不应在生产中使用
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
#ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['one.example.com', 'two.example.com']

#配置memcached会话存储服务
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
CACHES = {
    'default': {
         'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
         'LOCATION': 'controller:11211',
    }
}

#启用身份API版本3
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_URL = "http://%s:5000/v3" % OPENSTACK_HOST

#启用对域的支持
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_MULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT = True

#配置API版本
OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = {
    "identity": 3,
    "image": 2,
    "volume": 3,
}

#配置Default为通过仪表板创建的用户的默认域
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN = "Default"

#配置user为通过仪表板创建的用户的默认角色
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "user"

#如果选择网络选项1，请禁用对第3层网络服务的支持,如果选择网络选项2,则可以打开
OPENSTACK_NEUTRON_NETWORK = {
	#自动分配的网络
    'enable_auto_allocated_network': False,
	#Neutron分布式虚拟路由器（DVR）
    'enable_distributed_router': False,
	#FIP拓扑检查
    'enable_fip_topology_check': False,
	#高可用路由器模式
    'enable_ha_router': False,
	#下面三个已过时,不用过多了解,官方文档配置中是关闭的
	'enable_lb': False,
    'enable_firewall': False,
    'enable_': False,
	#ipv6网络
    'enable_ipv6': True,
	#Neutron配额功能
    'enable_quotas': True,
	#rbac政策
    'enable_rbac_policy': True,
	#路由器的菜单和浮动IP功能,如果Neutron部署有三层功能的支持可以打开
    'enable_router': True,
	#默认的DNS名称服务器
    'default_dns_nameservers': [],
	#网络支持的提供者类型,在创建网络时，该列表中的网络类型可供选择
    'supported_provider_types': ['*'],
	#使用与提供网络ID范围,仅涉及到VLAN，GRE，和VXLAN网络类型
    'segmentation_id_range': {},
	#使用与提供网络类型
    'extra_provider_types': {},
	#支持的vnic类型,用于与端口绑定扩展
    #'supported_vnic_types': ['*'],
	#物理网络
    #'physical_networks': [],
}

#配置时区为亚洲上海
TIME_ZONE = "Asia/Shanghai"

完整的配置文件修改内容

[root@computel01 ~]# cat /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings|head -45
import os
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from openstack_dashboard.settings import HORIZON_CONFIG
DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
LOCAL_PATH = '/tmp'
SECRET_KEY='f8ac039815265a99b64f'
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
CACHES = {
    'default': {
         'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
         'LOCATION': 'controller:11211',
    }
}
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'
OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller"
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_URL = "http://%s:5000/v3" % OPENSTACK_HOST
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_MULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT = True
OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = {
    "identity": 3,
    "image": 2,
    "volume": 3,
}
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN = "Default"
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "user"
OPENSTACK_NEUTRON_NETWORK = {
    'enable_auto_allocated_network': False,
    'enable_distributed_router': False,
    'enable_fip_topology_check': False,
    'enable_ha_router': False,
	'enable_lb': False,
    'enable_firewall': False,
    'enable_': False,
    'enable_ipv6': True,
    'enable_quotas': True,
    'enable_rbac_policy': True,
    'enable_router': True,
    'default_dns_nameservers': [],
    'supported_provider_types': ['*'],
    'segmentation_id_range': {},
    'extra_provider_types': {},
    'supported_vnic_types': ['*'],
    'physical_networks': [],
}
TIME_ZONE = "Asia/Shanghai"

重建apache的dashboard配置文件

cd /usr/share/openstack-dashboard
python manage.py make_web_conf --apache > /etc/httpd/conf.d/openstack-dashboard.conf

若出现不能正常访问，请操作以下步骤

#建立策略文件（policy.json）的软链接，否则登录到dashboard将出现权限错误和显示混乱
ln -s /etc/openstack-dashboard /usr/share/openstack-dashboard/openstack_dashboard/conf

#/etc/httpd/conf.d/openstack-dashboard.conf如果未包含，则添加以下行
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

重新启动compute01计算节点上的apache服务和memcache服务

systemctl restart httpd.service memcached.service
systemctl enable httpd.service memcached.service

验证访问

在浏览器访问仪表板，网址为 http://192.168.0.20（注意，和以前版本不一样，不加dashboard）
使用admin或myuser用户和default域凭据进行身份验证。

域: default
用户名: admin  
密码: ADMIN_PASS

登陆界面

登陆成功后的页面

==================================================

10. 创建虚拟网络并启动实例操作

https://docs.openstack.org/install-guide/launch-instance.html#block-storage
openstack学习-网络管理操作 51CTO博客
启动实例的操作建议参考的博客
创建虚拟网络的两种方式

使用VMware虚拟机创建网络可能会有不可预测到的故障，可以通过dashboard界面，管理员创建admin用户的网络环境

10.1 第一种: 建立公共提供商网络

在admin管理员用户下创建

source ~/admin-openrc

openstack network create --share --external --provider-physical-network provider --provider-network-type flat provider

#参数解释:
--share 	允许所有项目使用虚拟网络
--external 将虚拟网络定义为外部,如果想创建一个内部网络，则可以使用--internal。默认值为internal
--provider-physical-network provider 
	#指明物理网络的提供者，provider 与下面neutron的配置文件对应，其中provider是标签，可以更改为其他，但是2个地方必须要统一
	#配置文件/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini中的参数
		[ml2_type_flat]
		flat_networks = provider
		[linux_bridge]
		physical_interface_mappings = provider:eth0
--provider-network-type flat 指明这里创建的网络是flat类型，即实例连接到此网络时和物理网络是在同一个网段，无vlan等功能。
最后输入的provider	指定网络的名称

在网络上创建一个子网 192.168.0.0/24 ; 子网对应真实的物理网络

openstack subnet create --network provider \
  --allocation-pool start=192.168.0.195,end=192.168.0.210 \
  --dns-nameserver 255.5.5.5 --gateway 192.168.0.254 \
  --subnet-range 192.168.0.0/24 provider

#参数解释: 
	--network	provider	指定父网络
	--allocation-pool start=192.168.0.195,end=192.168.0.210	指定子网的起始地址和终止地址
	--dns-nameserver 223.5.5.5		指定DNS服务器地址
	--gateway 192.168.0.254			指定网关地址
	--subnet-range 192.168.0.0/24	指定子网的网段
	最后的provider		指定子网的名称

查看已创建的网络

openstack network list

查看已创建的子网

openstack subnet list

10.2 第二种: 建立普通租户的私有自助服务网络

自助服务网络，也叫租户网络或项目网络，它是由openstack租户创建的，完全虚拟的，是租户私有的，只在本网络内部连通，不能在租户之间共享

在普通租户下创建网络

source  ~/myuser-openrc
openstack network create selfservice

非特权用户通常无法为该命令提供其他参数。该服务使用以下配置文件中的信息自动选择参数
cat /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini
	[ml2]
	type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan
	tenant_network_types = vxlan
	[ml2_type_vxlan]
	vni_ranges = 1:1000

创建一个子网 172.18.1.0/24

openstack subnet create --network selfservice \
  --dns-nameserver 223.5.5.5 --gateway 172.18.1.1 \
  --subnet-range 172.18.1.0/24 selfservice

#参数解释: 
--network	selfservice	指定父网络
--allocation-pool start=172.16.10.2,end=172.18.1.200	
可以指定子网的起始地址和终止地址,不添加此参数则分配从172.16.1.2到172.18.1.254的IP地址
--dns-nameserver 223.5.5.5		指定DNS服务器地址
--gateway 172.18.1.1 			指定网关地址
--subnet-range 172.18.1.0/24	指定子网的网段
最后的selfservice		指定子网的名称

查看已创建的网络

openstack network list

查看已创建的子网

openstack subnet list

创建路由器，用myuser普通租户创建

source ~/myuser-openrc
openstack router create router01

查看创建的路由

openstack router list

将创建的租户自助服务网络子网添加为路由器上的接口

openstack router add subnet router01 selfservice

在路由器的公共提供商网络上设置网关

openstack router set router01 --external-gateway provider

查看网络名称空间，一个qrouter名称空间和两个 qdhcp名称空间

一篇讲解ip netns的博客

[root@controller ~]# ip netns
qrouter-919685b9-24c7-4859-b793-48a2add1fd30 (id: 2)
qdhcp-a7acab4d-3d4b-41f8-8d2c-854fb1ff6d4f (id: 0)
qdhcp-926859eb-1e48-44ed-9634-bcabba5eb8b8 (id: 1)

#使用ip netns命令找到这个虚拟路由器之后，用这个虚拟路由器ping真实物理网络中的网关
#ping通即证明OpenStack内部虚拟网络与真实物理网络衔接成功
[root@controller ~]# ip netns exec qrouter-919685b9-24c7-4859-b793-48a2add1fd30 ping 192.168.0.254
PING 192.168.0.254 (192.168.0.254) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.0.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.570 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.276 ms

验证查看创建网络和子网中的IP地址范围，回到admin用户下

source  ~/admin-openrc

列出路由器上的端口，以确定提供商网络上的网关IP地址

openstack port list --router router01

...|ip_address='172.18.1.1', |...| ACTIVE
...|ip_address='192.168.0.209', |...| ACTIVE

从控制器节点或物理提供商网络上的任何主机ping此IP地址进行验证

[root@controller ~]# ping 192.168.0.209
PING 192.168.0.209 (192.168.0.209) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.0.209: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.065 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.209: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.066 ms

创建一个m1.nano的类型模板

#Flavor:类型模板，虚机硬件模板被称为类型模板，包括RAM和硬盘大小，CPU核数等。
#创建一台1核cpu 128M硬盘的类型模板与CirrOS映像一起使用进行测试

openstack flavor create --id 0 --vcpus 1 --ram 128 --disk 1 m1.nano

查看创建的类型模板

openstack flavor list

创建租户的秘钥对(可选)

#生产中登陆最好不要用常规的密码验证登陆,启动实例前要 将公共的秘钥添加
#秘钥在文档开始时的配置基础环境中已经生成，所以可以直接添加
source ~/myuser-openrc
openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub mykey

#查看创建的密钥对
openstack keypair list

配置安全组规则

#默认情况下，default安全组适用于所有实例，并包括拒绝对实例进行远程访问的防火墙规则。对于CirrOS之类的Linux映像，建议至少允许ICMP（ping）和ssh。
#许可ICMP协议(ping命令)
openstack security group rule create --proto icmp default

#允许SSH访问(22端口)
openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 22 default

#查看安全组
openstack security group list

#查看安全组规则
openstack security group rule list

10.3 启动一个实例

#要启动实例，必须至少指定实例类型，映像名称，网络，安全组，密钥和实例名称
#部署的网络环境可以在提供商网络和自助服务网络上启动实例

#查看可用的类型模板
openstack flavor list

#查看可用的镜像
openstack image list

#查看可用的网络
openstack network list

#查看安全组
openstack security group list

10.3.1 在公共提供商网络上启动实例

创建公共提供商网络下的实例(也可以在dashboard界面上创建,建议掌握命令行的操作)

#net-id:可用的网络的ID，这里使用公共提供商网络的ID 实例名称(provider-vm1)
source  ~/myuser-openrc
openstack server create --flavor m1.nano --image cirros \
  --nic net-id=926859eb-1e48-44ed-9634-bcabba5eb8b8 --security-group default \
  --key-name mykey provider-vm1

查看创建的实例

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------------------+--------+---------+
| ID                                   | Name         | Status | Networks               | Image  | Flavor  |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------------------+--------+---------+
| 9c2c558f-0573-4483-8031-ec3ba9c41f57 | provider-vm1 | ACTIVE | provider=192.168.0.199 | cirros | m1.nano |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------------------+--------+---------+

使用虚拟控制台访问实例

openstack console url show selfservice-vm1

登陆到cirros实例验证对公共提供商网络网关的访问

$ ping 192.168.0.1
PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: seq=0 ttl=64 time=5.128 ms

验证对互联网的访问

$ ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: seq=0 ttl=128 time=17.904 ms

从控制器节点或提供商网络上的任何其他主机使用SSH访问实例

[root@controller ~]# ssh [email protected]
$ hostname 
provider-vm1
$ pwd
/home/cirros

10.3.2 在租户自助网络上启动实例

创建租户自助网络下的实例(也可以在dashboard界面上创建)

#net-id:可用的网络的ID，这里使用租户自助网络的ID 实例名称(selfservice-vm1)
source  ~/myuser-openrc
openstack server create --flavor m1.nano --image cirros \
  --nic net-id=0e3e56b8-67be-4a83-89c4-b23880d7e688 --security-group default \
  --key-name mykey selfservice-vm1

查看创建的实例

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+--------+-------------------------+--------+---------+
| ID                                   | Name            | Status | Networks                | Image  | Flavor  |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+--------+-------------------------+--------+---------+
| a9397f81-9f4d-4130-b72c-d607060c2856 | selfservice-vm1 | ACTIVE | selfservice=172.18.1.22 | cirros | m1.nano |
| 9c2c558f-0573-4483-8031-ec3ba9c41f57 | provider-vm1    | ACTIVE | provider=192.168.0.199  | cirros | m1.nano |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+--------+-------------------------+--------+---------+

使用虚拟控制台访问实例

openstack console url show selfservice-vm1

访问实例的控制台并登陆cirros实例验证对公共提供商网络网关的访问

$ ping 172.18.1.1
PING 172.18.1.1 (172.18.1.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.18.1.1: seq=0 ttl=64 time=25.527 ms

验证对互联网的访问

$ ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: seq=0 ttl=127 time=20.649 ms

※从控制器节点使用SSH远程访问租户实例

在公共提供商网络上创建一个浮动IP地址

openstack floating ip create provider

Dashboard创建

查看已创建的浮动IP

[root@controller ~]# openstack floating ip list
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------+--------------------------------------+-------
| ID                                   | Floating IP Address | Fixed IP Address | Port | Floating Network                     | Projec
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------+--------------------------------------+-------
| f31e429a-4ebd-407a-ae78-220311008f4f | 192.168.0.198       | None             | None | 926859eb-1e48-44ed-9634-bcabba5eb8b8 | 6535a5
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+------------------+------+--------------------------------------+-------

将浮动IP地址与实例相关联

openstack server add floating ip selfservice-vm1 192.168.0.198

Dashboard关联

查看浮动IP地址绑定的状态

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+--------+----------------------------------------+--------+---------+
| ID                                   | Name            | Status | Networks                               | Image  | Flavor  |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+--------+----------------------------------------+--------+---------+
| a9397f81-9f4d-4130-b72c-d607060c2856 | selfservice-vm1 | ACTIVE | selfservice=172.18.1.22, 192.168.0.198 | cirros | m1.nano |
| 9c2c558f-0573-4483-8031-ec3ba9c41f57 | provider-vm1    | ACTIVE | provider=192.168.0.199                 | cirros | m1.nano |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+--------+----------------------------------------+--------+---------+

通过控制器节点或公共提供商网络上任何主机的浮动IP地址验证与实例的连接性

[root@controller ~]# ping 192.168.0.198
PING 192.168.0.198 (192.168.0.198) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.0.198: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=22.0 ms

从控制器节点或提供商网络上的任何其他主机使用SSH访问实例

[root@controller ~]# ssh [email protected]
$ hostname 
selfservice-vm1
$ pwd
/home/cirros

安装文档创建的网络拓扑环境

创建的一个新的网络拓扑,两个独立的租户网络创建路由,并在路由上设置访问外网的网关

参考 : 创建虚拟网络的两种方式

10.3.3 故障记录

安装网桥管理工具brctl来查看网络

yum install bridge-utils -y
brctl show

重启实例的方法,可在控制节点命令行重启也可在dashboard界面进行重启

source ~/myuser-openrc 
openstack server list
nova reboot 1d2ad9d2-2af3-4bc5-8eae-a5a4721c6512

如果重启报错则使用hard重启

nova reboot --hard provider-vm1

nova reboot是软重启虚拟机
nova reboot --hard 是硬重启虚拟机
nova reset-state 是重置虚拟机状态

Web浏览器在无法解析controller主机名的主机上运行

可以替换nova.conf的配置文件中的[vnc]模块，将controller替换为控制节点的IP地址

openstack-config --set  /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc novncproxy_base_url http://192.168.0.10:6080/vnc_auto.html

报错:找不到磁盘无法启动的问题
Booting from Hard Disk… GRUB

解决方法,修改计算节点的nova.conf文件

[root@computel ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
[libvirt]
cpu_mode = none
virt_type = qemu

重启计算节点的nova计算服务

[root@computel ~]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute.service

外部网络没有网的问题

在用VMware虚拟机进行测试时候,要为实例多添加网卡,通过虚拟网络编辑器,否则会导致创建的可访问外部网络没有网
我们部署openstack，大多数都是使用虚拟机，在网络节点的外部网卡，我们需要注意，这个是不需要配置ip地址的。
同时由于每个虚拟机是需要联网的。所以我们需要在原先的网络规划的基础上，在增加一个上网的网卡。

https://www.aboutyun.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=13508
https://www.aboutyun.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=13489&page=1&authorid=61
https://www.aboutyun.com//forum.php/?mod=viewthread&tid=11722&extra=page%3D1&page=1&

11.cinder

Cinder的核心功能是对卷的管理，允许对卷、卷的类型、卷的快照、卷备份进行处理。它为后端不同的存储设备提供给了统一的接口，不同的块设备服务厂商在Cinder中实现其驱动，可以被Openstack整合管理，nova与cinder的工作原理类似。

安装cinder块存储服务
https://docs.openstack.org/cinder/train/install/

一篇cinder原理的详细的介绍
存储管理的操作
从OpenStack的角度看块存储的世界
分布式存储 Ceph 介绍及原理架构分享上
分布式存储 Ceph 介绍及原理架构分享下
三种存储方案 DAS,NAS,SAN在数据库存储上的应用
DAS、SAN、NAS三种存储方式的概念及应用

OpenStack块存储服务为实例通过不同后台提供块存储设备。块存储 API 和调度服务运行在控制节点。volume 服务运行在一个或多个存储节点。cinder为实例提供本地存储或则 SAN/NAS后台适当的驱动。

11.1 安装cindoer块存储服务(控制节点192.168.0.10)

创建cinder数据库并授权

mysql -u root 

create database cinder;

grant all privileges on cinder.* to 'cinder'@'%' identified by 'CINDER_DBPASS';
grant all privileges on cinder.* to 'cinder'@'localhost' identified by 'CINDER_DBPASS';
flush privileges;

创建cinder用户,密码设置为CINDER_PASS

source ~/admin-openrc
openstack user create --domain default --password CINDER_PASS cinder

admin向cinder用户添加角色

openstack role add --project service --user cinder admin

创建cinderv2和cinderv3服务实体

openstack service create --name cinderv2 --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volumev2
openstack service create --name cinderv3 --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volumev3

创建块存储服务API端点

块存储服务需要每个服务实体的端点

openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volumev2 public http://controller:8776/v2/%\(project_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volumev2 internal http://controller:8776/v2/%\(project_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volumev2 admin http://controller:8776/v2/%\(project_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volumev3 public http://controller:8776/v3/%\(project_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volumev3 internal http://controller:8776/v3/%\(project_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volumev3 admin http://controller:8776/v3/%\(project_id\)s

安装cinder软件包并修改配置文件

yum install openstack-cinder -y

编辑配置文件/etc/cinder/cinder.conf

cp /etc/cinder/cinder.conf /etc/cinder/cinder.conf.bak
grep -Ev '#|^$' /etc/cinder/cinder.conf.bak>/etc/cinder/cinder.conf

openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  database connection mysql+pymysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  DEFAULT  transport_url  rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  DEFAULT  auth_strategy  keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken  www_authenticate_uri  http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken  auth_url  http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken  memcached_servers  controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken  auth_type  password
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken  project_domain_name  default
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken  user_domain_name  default
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken  project_name  service
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken  username  cinder
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken  password  CINDER_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  DEFAULT  my_ip  192.168.0.10  
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  oslo_concurrency  lock_path  /var/lib/cinder/tmp

填充块存储数据库

su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder

配置计算服务以使用块存储

编辑配置文件/etc/nova/nova.conf

openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf cinder os_region_name RegionOne

重启nova计算和cinder块存储服务并设置开机自启动

systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service
systemctl enable openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service
systemctl restart openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service

控制节点验证

[root@controller ~]# cinder service-list
+------------------+------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------+---------------+
| Binary           | Host       | Zone | Status  | State | Updated_at                 | Cluster | Disabled Reason | Backend State |
+------------------+------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------+---------------+
| cinder-scheduler | controller | nova | enabled | up    | 2020-04-26T09:58:18.000000 | -       | -               |               |
+------------------+------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------+---------------+

11.2 安装cindoer块存储服务节点(存储节点192.168.0.40)

使用默认的LVM卷方法，之后改为ceph存储

安装LVM软件包

[root@cinder01 ~]# yum install lvm2 device-mapper-persistent-data -y

启动LVM元数据服务，并设置开机自启

systemctl enable lvm2-lvmetad.service
systemctl restart lvm2-lvmetad.service

添加一块100G硬盘，重启节点后创建LVM物理卷/dev/sdb

[root@cinder01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.

创建LVM物理卷

[root@cinder01 ~]# vgcreate cinder-volumes /dev/sdb
  Volume group "cinder-volumes" successfully created

编辑配置文件/etc/lvm/lvm.conf

在devices部分，添加一个过滤器，只接受/dev/sdb设备，拒绝其他所有设备

[root@cinder01 ~]# vim /etc/lvm/lvm.conf
devices {
		filter = [ "a/sdb/", "r/.*/" ]

安装train版yum源和cinder软件包

yum install centos-release-openstack-train -y
yum install openstack-cinder targetcli python-keystone openstack-utils -y

编辑配置文件/etc/cinder/cinder.conf

cp /etc/cinder/cinder.conf /etc/cinder/cinder.conf.bak
grep -Ev '#|^$' /etc/cinder/cinder.conf.bak>/etc/cinder/cinder.conf

openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  database  connection mysql+pymysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  DEFAULT transport_url rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  DEFAULT my_ip 192.168.0.40
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  DEFAULT enabled_backends lvm
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  DEFAULT glance_api_servers http://controller:9292
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken www_authenticate_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken username cinder
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  keystone_authtoken password CINDER_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  lvm volume_driver cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  lvm volume_group cinder-volumes
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  lvm target_protocol iscsi
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  lvm target_helper lioadm
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf  oslo_concurrency lock_path /var/lib/cinder/tmp

启动块存储卷服务并设置开机自启动

systemctl restart openstack-cinder-volume.service target.service
systemctl enable openstack-cinder-volume.service target.service

在控制节点进行验证

[root@controller ~]# source ~/admin-openrc
[root@controller ~]# openstack volume service list
+------------------+--------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| Binary           | Host         | Zone | Status  | State | Updated At                 |
+------------------+--------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| cinder-scheduler | controller   | nova | enabled | up    | 2020-04-27T02:54:41.000000 |
| cinder-volume    | cinder01@lvm | nova | enabled | up    | 2020-04-27T02:54:01.000000 |
+------------------+--------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+

可以到Dashboard界面上进行操作

创建一个1GB的卷

source ~/demo-openrc
openstack volume create --size 1 volume1

很短的时间后，卷状态应该从creating 到available

[root@controller ~]# openstack volume list
+--------------------------------------+---------+-----------+------+-------------+
| ID                                   | Name    | Status    | Size | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+---------+-----------+------+-------------+
| 5e89f544-e204-436c-8d9c-25a77039796f | volume1 | available |   10 |             |
+--------------------------------------+---------+-----------+------+-------------+

将卷附加到provider-vm1实例,可以在dashboard界面操作

openstack server add volume provider-vm1 volume1

查看卷清单

[root@controller ~]# openstack volume list

+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+------+------------------------------------------+
| ID                                   | Name    | Status | Size | Attached to                              |
+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+------+------------------------------------------+
| 75011e60-33fc-4061-98dc-7028e477efc9 | volume1 | in-use |    1 | Attached to selfservice-vm1 on /dev/vdb  |
+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+------+------------------------------------------+

使用SSH访问实例

使用fdisk命令验证该卷是否作为/dev/vdb块存储设备

[root@controller ~]# ssh [email protected]
$ sudo fdisk -l

分区并格式化新添加的/dev/vdb

$ sudo fdisk /dev/vdb
Command (m for help): n		#创建一个新分区
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p	#创建一个主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1):		#分区默认编号为1
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):	#磁盘分区中第一个扇区(从哪里开始)  默认的
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2097151, default 2097151):	#磁盘分区中最后1个扇区的位置 默认全部
Command (m for help): w	#保存

查看创建的主分区

$ ls /dev/vdb*
/dev/vdb   /dev/vdb1

格式化创建文件系统

$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1

临时挂载

$ sudo mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt/
$ df -h|tail -1
/dev/vdb1               990.9M      2.5M    921.2M   0% /mnt

#永久挂载

$ sudo su -
# echo '/dev/vdb1 /mnt/ xfs defaults    0   0' >>/etc/fstab

11.4 使用卷创建实例报错的故障

从实例中分离cinder虚拟磁盘

umount卸载

openstack server remove volume provider-vm1 volume1
openstack volume delete volume1

删除无法删除的卷，用命令改变卷的状态，然后删除

cinder reset-state <volume> --state available
cinder delete <volume>

OpenStack创建实例提示失败的具体原因如下：

did not finish being created even after we waited 241 seconds or 61 attempts. A its status is downloading.

即使等待了241秒或61次尝试，仍无法完成创建。 其状态为下载中。

解决办法

在计算节点上的nova.conf中有一个控制卷设备重试的参数：block_device_allocate_retries，可以通过修改此参数延长等待时间。
该参数默认值为60，这个对应了之前实例创建失败消息里的61 attempts。我们可以将此参数设置的大一点,例如：180。这样Nova组件就不会等待卷创建超时，也即解决了此问题。
然后重启计算节点服务

openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf  DEFAULT block_device_allocate_retries 180

systemctl restart libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service

11.5 (可选)在存储节点上安装备份服务,需要安装对象存储服务后才能使用

https://docs.openstack.org/cinder/train/install/cinder-backup-install-rdo.html
https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/install/

12. openstack对接ceph存储

13. Docker容器

14. Kubernetes与OpenStack的共生

OpenStack Train版部署

文章目录

1. 服务组件的密码

2. Openstack环境准备

3. 控制节点基础配置

4. keystone

5. glance

6. placement

7. nova

7.1 安装nova计算服务（controller控制节点192.168.0.10）

7.2 安装nova计算服务（computel01计算节点 192.168.0.20）

7.3 在控制节点上进行验证nova服务

8. neutron

8.1 安装neutron网络服务（controller控制节点192.168.0.10）

8.2 在计算节点安装neutron网络服务（computel01计算节点192.168.0.20）

8.3 可选:安装neutron网络服务节点（neutron01网络节点192.168.0.30）

9. Horizon

10. 创建虚拟网络并启动实例操作

10.1 第一种: 建立公共提供商网络

10.2 第二种: 建立普通租户的私有自助服务网络

10.3 启动一个实例

10.3.1 在公共提供商网络上启动实例

10.3.2 在租户自助网络上启动实例

10.3.3 故障记录

11.cinder

11.1 安装cindoer块存储服务(控制节点192.168.0.10)

11.2 安装cindoer块存储服务节点(存储节点192.168.0.40)

11.4 使用卷创建实例报错的故障

11.5 (可选)在存储节点上安装备份服务,需要安装对象存储服务后才能使用

12. openstack对接ceph存储

13. Docker容器

14. Kubernetes与OpenStack的共生

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