修改Python解释器和包路径

环境检查

1. 查看当前解释器的位置

在Python文件中执行或者在终端中先进入Python

import sys
print(sys.executable)

以我的电脑为例子，输出 /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/bin/python3

2. 查看当前指向的包存放路径

在Python文件中执行或者在终端中先进入Python

import sys
print(sys.path)

输出结果中有类似packages字样的为路径

我的是  /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages

3. 查看pip的默认目录

在终端执行

which pip

我的是  /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/bin/pip ，说明使用pip install 包名，安装的包会存放在这里

 

一. terminal终端

环境：mac

shell: bash

Python: 手动安装的，如果通过anaconda安装，可以去对应的目录下找解释器位置

 

修改解释器

1. 首先打开~/.bash_profile文件

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ vim ~/.bash_profile

2. 修改文件

①修改PATH后面绿色的部分，python解释器存放在bin目录下。

②添加alias python=python3，注意“=”前后不能有空格，否则会报错

# Setting PATH for Python 3.8
# The original version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/bin:${PATH}"
export PATH

alias python=python3

3. 更新环境

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ source ~/.bash_profile 

4. 查看是否生效

终端输入python或者python --version，可以看到3.8.3的字样，说明当前默认解释器已经是python3.8.3。修改成功

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ python
Python 3.8.3 (v3.8.3:6f8c8320e9, May 13 2020, 16:29:34) 
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

 

修改包路径

1. 查看配置文件所在路径，在终端执行python -m site help, 如下可以看到site.py 的路径

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ python -m site help
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site.py [--user-base] [--user-site]

Without arguments print some useful information
With arguments print the value of USER_BASE and/or USER_SITE separated
by ':'.

Exit codes with --user-base or --user-site:
  0 - user site directory is enabled
  1 - user site directory is disabled by user
  2 - uses site directory is disabled by super user
      or for security reasons
 >2 - unknown error

2.  以管理员的方式进入该文件

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ sudo vi /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site.py

3.  在文件里直接用/ENABLE搜索找到下面这三个参数

ENABLE_USER_SITE = None

# for distutils.commands.install
# These values are initialized by the getuserbase() and getusersitepackages()
# functions, through the main() function when Python starts.
USER_SITE = None
USER_BASE = None

4.  修改参数

上方改为True，下方USER_SITE，包存放的位置，USER_BASE，/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8文件夹

ENABLE_USER_SITE = True

# for distutils.commands.install
# These values are initialized by the getuserbase() and getusersitepackages()
# functions, through the main() function when Python starts.
USER_SITE = "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages"
USER_BASE = "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8"

5. 更新环境

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ source ~/.bashrc

6. 查看是否修改成功，这里因为我已经修改好了，所以前后没什么变化

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ python -m site
sys.path = [
    '/Users/answer',
    '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python38.zip',
    '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8',
    '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload',
    '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages',
]
USER_BASE: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8' (exists)
USER_SITE: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages' (exists)
ENABLE_USER_SITE: True

 

二. Pycharm

待更

 

三. Jupyter Notebook

1. 检查当前解释器

 启动jupyter (我的jupyter是单独安装的，虽然通过anaconda安装方便，但是不方便管理，后续会有很多麻烦）

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ ipython notebook
[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | Subcommand `ipython notebook` is deprecated and will be removed in future versions.
[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | You likely want to use `jupyter notebook` in the future

查看解释器，可以看到目前是3.8的版本，而我要切换到3.7版本用来支持一些包的运行

2. 查看kernel所在位置

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ ipython kernelspec list
[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | Subcommand `ipython kernelspec` is deprecated and will be removed in future versions.
[TerminalIPythonApp] WARNING | You likely want to use `jupyter kernelspec` in the future
Available kernels:
  pycharm-925c0299    /Users/answer/Library/Jupyter/kernels/pycharm-925c0299
  python3             /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/share/jupyter/kernels/python3
answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ 

3. 可以看到有两个kernel，一个是pycharm里面的，一个是单独的，这里需要使用pip再安装一次juputer，因为我的两个版本存放包的路径不一样。

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ pip3 install jupyter

4. 查看Kernel所在的位置，进入kernel所在文件进行编辑

answers-MacBook-Pro:~ answer$ cd /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/share/jupyter/kernels/python3/
answers-MacBook-Pro:python3 answer$ ls
kernel.json	logo-32x32.png	logo-64x64.png
answers-MacBook-Pro:python3 answer$ cat kernel.json 
{
 "argv": [
  "python",
  "-m",
  "ipykernel_launcher",
  "-f",
  "{connection_file}"
 ],
 "display_name": "Python 3",
 "language": "python"
}answers-MacBook-Pro:python3 answer$ 

5. 修改解释器位置（第二行）

{
 "argv": [
  "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3",
  "-m",
  "ipykernel_launcher",
  "-f",
  "{connection_file}"
 ],
 "display_name": "Python 3",
 "language": "python"
}

6. 修改好之后，重启notebook，可以看到解释器已经变成了3.7