Android开发之网络请求通信专题（二）：基于HttpClient的文件上传下载
上一篇专题Android开发之网络请求通信专题（一）：基于HttpURLConnection的请求通信我们讲解了如何使用httpurlconnection来实现基本的文本数据传输。一般在实际开发中我们可以用于传输xml或者json格式的数据。今天我们来讲解另外一种http网络请求的方式:httpclient，并实现文件的上传和下载。
在这里插个题外话，其实这些网络请求有很多第三方jar包可以使用，这些包都封装得很好了。如果只是想使用，我们就直接拿别人得jar包来用就好。博主这里推荐一个叫xutils的工具类，这个玩意其实好用，相信很多人都知道，这个工具类是博主的一个同学的同事写的。后续博主还会写一个图片专题中，也会讲解到xutils里面的图片类的实现原理。好了，进入今天的正题。
和上一篇专题一样，我们先讲解两种请求方式的基本用法，然后再深入进行封装使用。
一、基于httpclient实现文件的上传
我们先看看最基本的上传代码
1、Android端的文件上传
/**
* @Title: updateFile
* @Description: 文件上传
* @throws
*/
private void updateFile() {
//新建一个httpclient类
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
//用post方式实现文件上传
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(
"http://192.168.1.107:10010/MINATest/servlet/UploadServlet");
//拿到上传的图片
String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.getAbsolutePath() + "/justice.jpg";
//处理上传的文件
FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(new File(filePath));
StringBody stringBody = null;
try {
stringBody = new StringBody("文件的描述");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity();
entity.addPart("file", fileBody);
entity.addPart("desc", stringBody);
post.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpclient.execute(post);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
//拿到返回的实体，一般而言，用post请求方式返回的流是用这个实体拿到，在这里不需要所以博主就不写了。
HttpEntity entitys = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println(entity.getContentLength());
try {
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entitys));
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
2、服务端dopost处理
/**
*
* @param request
* the request send by the client to the server
* @param response
* the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException
* if an error occurred
* @throws IOException
* if an error occurred
*/
@Override
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
boolean isMulti = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
if (isMulti) {
String realPath = request.getSession().getServletContext()
.getRealPath("/vioce");
System.out.println(realPath);
File dir = new File(realPath);
if (!dir.exists()) {
dir.mkdirs();
}
FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
String fileName = null;
try {
List items = upload.parseRequest(request);
for (FileItem item : items) {
if (item.isFormField()) {
String name = item.getFieldName();
String value = item.getString("UTF-8");
System.out.println(name + "-" + value);
} else {
item.write(new File(dir, item.getName()));
fileName = item.getName();
}
}
response.setContentType("text/*;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("上传成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} 3、Android端文件的下载
这里博主省事了，直接将地址写死。
/**
* @Title: downLoadFile
* @Description:文件下载
* @throws
*/
private void downLoadFile() {
HttpClient httpClient1 = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet httpGet1 = new HttpGet(
"http://192.168.31.144:10010/MINATest/vioce/strikefreedom.jpg");
try {
HttpResponse httpResponse1 = httpClient1.execute(httpGet1);
StatusLine statusLine = httpResponse1.getStatusLine();
if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == 200) {
String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.getAbsolutePath() + "/freedom.jpg"; // 文件路径
File file = new File(filePath);
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
InputStream inputStream = httpResponse1.getEntity()
.getContent();
byte b[] = new byte[1024];
int j = 0;
while ((j = inputStream.read(b)) != -1) {
outputStream.write(b, 0, j);
}
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
httpClient1.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
}
二、httpclient类的封装
1、封装逻辑
虽然HttPclient相对于httpurlconnection已经有了一定的封装，api也相对简洁一些，但是我们还是可以再这个基础上再进行一次封装。封装结构和上一篇差不多。上一篇专题中，我们用了四个类去封装。这里我们用android里的AsyncTask类来替代handler，也可以省去一个回调的监听。这里回调接口的设计其实根据需求自己去设定就好，博主就拿之前的一个回调接口来用。这次我们需要三个类
1、http访问管理者
2、任务AsyncTask类
3、http访问结果事件处理回调接口。
整个逻辑关系为：http访问管理者采用get或者post请求方式请求，当产生结果后监听器告诉消息通信管理者应该发送什么消息给UI线程，UI线程更具消息通信管理者发送过来的消息，调用对应的事件处理回调接口。
·
接下来我们来一一对应这三个类的编写
2、http访问管理者
package com.example.nettest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnRoutePNames;
import org.apache.http.entity.ByteArrayEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import com.lidroid.xutils.http.client.multipart.MultipartEntity;
/**
* @ClassName: FreedomHttpClientUtil
* @author victor_freedom ([email protected])
* @createddate 2015-1-25 下午11:04:59
* @Description:
*/
public class FreedomHttpClientUtil {
private DefaultHttpClient client;
/** 请求接口 */
private HttpRequest httpRequest;
/** 响应接口 */
private HttpResponse response;
/** 方法 */
private String mMethod;
public static final String POST = "post";
public static final String GET = "get";
private static final String TAG = "FreedomHttpClientUtil";
public static final int HTTP_OK = 200;
private void open() {
HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 5000); // 设置连接超时
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 5000); // 设置请求超时
client = new DefaultHttpClient(params);
try {
// 如果不是wifi，我们需要设定一下手机的APN参数
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(ConfigParams.PROXY)) {
HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost(ConfigParams.PROXY,
ConfigParams.PORT);
client.getParams().setParameter(ConnRoutePNames.DEFAULT_PROXY,
proxy);
}
// 默认使用UTF-8编码
httpRequest.setHeader("Charset", "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
}
/**
* 可以同时处理post与get两种形式请求
*
* @param url
* @param method
*/
public void open(String url, String method) {
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(method) && StringUtils.isNotBlank(url)) {
if (method.equals(POST)) {
httpRequest = new HttpPost(url);
mMethod = POST;
} else {
httpRequest = new HttpGet(url);
mMethod = GET;
}
open();
}
}
/**
* @Title: setHttpPostHeader
* @Description: 设置请求头
* @param name
* @param value
* @throws
*/
public void setHttpPostHeader(String name, String value) {
if (httpRequest == null) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(name)) {
httpRequest.setHeader(name, value);
}
}
/**
* @Title: setContent
* @Description:设置字节类型实体
* @param info
* @throws
*/
public void setContent(byte[] info) {
if (httpRequest == null) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
if (info.length > 0) {
ByteArrayEntity entity = new ByteArrayEntity(info);
if (httpRequest instanceof HttpPost)
((HttpPost) httpRequest).setEntity(entity);
}
}
/**
* @Title: setStringEntity
* @Description: 设置字符串型实体
* @param datas
* @throws
*/
public void setStringEntity(String datas) {
if (httpRequest == null) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
if (null != datas) {
try {
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(datas);
if (httpRequest instanceof HttpPost)
((HttpPost) httpRequest).setEntity(entity);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* @Title: setJsonStringEntity
* @Description: 设置json数据格式实体
* @param datas
* @throws
*/
public void setJsonStringEntity(String datas) {
if (httpRequest == null) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
if (null != datas) {
try {
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(datas, "utf-8");
entity.setContentType("application/json");
// entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
if (httpRequest instanceof HttpPost)
((HttpPost) httpRequest).setEntity(entity);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* @Title: setEntitys
* @Description: 设置多参数实体
* @param datas
* @throws
*/
public void setEntitys(String... datas) {
if (httpRequest == null) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
if (datas.length > 0) {
List Parameters = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < datas.length; i += 2) {
Parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair(datas[i], datas[i + 1]));
}
if (httpRequest instanceof HttpPost)
try {
((HttpPost) httpRequest)
.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(Parameters,
"UTF-8"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* @Title: setDataEntitys
* @Description: 设置数据实体
* @param mpEntity
* @throws
*/
public void setDataEntitys(MultipartEntity mpEntity) {
if (httpRequest == null) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
if (httpRequest instanceof HttpPost) {
((HttpPost) httpRequest).setEntity(mpEntity);
}
}
/**
* @Title: post
* @Description: 发送请求
* @throws Exception
* @throws
*/
public void post() throws Exception {
if (httpRequest == null) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
if (mMethod.equals(POST)) {
response = client.execute((HttpPost) httpRequest);
} else {
response = client.execute((HttpGet) httpRequest);
}
}
/**
* @Title: getContentLength
* @Description:拿到返回内容长度
* @return
* @throws
*/
public long getContentLength() {
long result = 0;
if (response == null) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
result = response.getEntity().getContentLength();
return result;
}
/**
* @Title: openInputStream
* @Description: 拿到返回流
* @return
* @throws IllegalStateException
* @throws IOException
* @throws
*/
public InputStream openInputStream() throws IllegalStateException,
IOException {
if (response == null) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
InputStream result = response.getEntity().getContent();
return result;
}
/**
* @Title: getCookieStore
* @Description: 拿到cookie
* @return
* @throws
*/
public CookieStore getCookieStore() {
if (null == client) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
return client.getCookieStore();
}
/**
* @Title: getResponseCode
* @Description:拿到返回码
* @return
* @throws
*/
public int getResponseCode() {
int result;
if (response == null) {
throw new FreedomException(FreedomException.NETWORK_ANOMALY);
}
result = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
return result;
}
/**
* @Title: setRequestProperty
* @Description: 设置请求头
* @param name
* @param value
* @throws
*/
public void setRequestProperty(String name, String value) {
setHttpPostHeader(name, value);
}
/**
* @ClassName: ConfigParams
* @author victor_freedom ([email protected])
* @createddate 2015-1-25 下午11:11:05
* @Description:如果不是WIFI访问，需要设置的参数
*/
public static class ConfigParams {
public static String SRC = "";
public static String PROXY = "";
public static int PORT;
public static String TYPE = "";
public static String MNC = "";
}
}
2、任务AsyncTask类
这类的编写，需要根据实际的业务需求来设定三个参数，相信了解AsyncTask类的同学都清楚如何使用这个类。不了解的同学也可以百度一下，网上有很多相关的文章。这里我们以下载文件的例子来说明
package com.example.nettest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Environment;
/**
* @ClassName: FreedomAsynTask
* @author victor_freedom ([email protected])
* @createddate 2014年10月12日 下午10:07:36
* @Description: TODO
*
*/
public class FreedomAsynTask extends AsyncTask {
private FreedomHttpCallBackListener listener;
public FreedomAsynTask(FreedomHttpCallBackListener listener,
Context context, ProgressDialog mDialog, String path) {
this.listener = listener;
}
@SuppressLint("DefaultLocale")
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
InputStream is = null;
FreedomHttpClientUtil http = new FreedomHttpClientUtil();
http.open(
"http://192.168.31.144:10010/MINATest/vioce/strikefreedom.jpg",
FreedomHttpClientUtil.GET);
try {
http.post();
if (http.getResponseCode() == 200) {
String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.getAbsolutePath() + "/freedom.jpg"; // 文件路径
File file = new File(filePath);
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
InputStream inputStream = http.openInputStream();
byte b[] = new byte[1024];
int j = 0;
while ((j = inputStream.read(b)) != -1) {
outputStream.write(b, 0, j);
}
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
return "下载成功";
} else {
return null;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
if (null != result) {
listener.action(FreedomHttpCallBackListener.EVENT_GET_DATA_SUCCESS,
result);
} else {
listener.action(FreedomHttpCallBackListener.EVENT_GET_DATA_EEEOR,
null);
}
super.onPostExecute(result);
}
}
3、Activity中的使用
使用起来非常的简单，我们只需要一行代码就实现了文件的下载
if (NetUtils.checkNetWork(mContext)) {
new FreedomAsynTask(new FreedomHttpCallBackListener() {
@Override
public void action(int code, Object obj) {
//根据返回code判断执行方法
}
}).execute();
}好了，第二篇关于http访问的文章已经讲解完毕，希望能够帮助到看到此文的人。