RPM管理工具(网络YUM)及缓存问题
如果服务端和客户端在同一台机器，是本地YUM
缺点：只能为本机提供YUM服务
如果服务端和客户端不在同一台机器，是网络YUM
优点：
1.可以为网络中的所有客户机提供服务
2.基于FTP的YUM源
3.基于HTTP的YUM源
一、首先准备两台LINUX主机（将11.24作为服务端，11.22作为客户机）
[root@11 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:80:FB:49
inet addr:172.16.11.24 Bcast:172.16.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:90:4E:7F
inet addr:172.16.11.22 Bcast:172.16.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
二、搭建FTP服务器，文件要对外开放共享 (FTP:文件传输协议，几乎所有操作系统都可以搭建FTP)
跟本地YUM区别：服务端(一台主机+共享文件的服务)
1、 安装FTP服务-vsftpd软件包(是根据本地YUM安装的)
[root@111 ~]# yum install vsftpd -y
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
2、service vsftpd start #启动FTP服务
对外开放的是/var/ftp/目录下的文件(将光盘中的文件复制到仓库中去)
[root@111 ~]# service vsftpd start
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
root@111 mnt]# cp -r * /var/ftp/yum
[root@111 mnt]# cd /var/ftp/yum
[root@111 yum]# ls
EFI EULA_en EULA_it EULA_pt HighAvailability LoadBalancer README ResilientStorage ScalableFileSystem
EULA EULA_es EULA_ja EULA_zh images media.repo release-notes RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta Server
EULA_de EULA_fr EULA_ko GPL isolinux Packages repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release TRANS.TBL
3、打开游览器输入ftp://ip -----要考虑防火墙service iptables stop
三、 客户端(另外主机)
1、 保证能ping通服务端
2、两台Linux发行版本查看 (lsb_release -a)，客户端的发行版本要跟服务端共享rpm的版本一样
3、 设置仓库的配置文件
[sxkeji] (可以指向多个服务器，仓库的标签)
name = sxkeji # 源名称 (仓库的描述信息，可以随便填写)
baseurl = ftp://服务器ip/共享目录路径 (指定仓库的路径，本地：file://绝对路径 连网：http://或者ftp?/绝对路径)
enabled = 1 (是否启用这个yum源，1为启用)
gpgcheck = 0 (是否使用gpg检测，0为不使用)
[root@11 yum.repos.d]# cat ftp.repo
[ftpyum]
name=ftp 172.16.11.24
baseurl=ftp://172.16.11.24/yum--------------看游览器所需要的包在那个位置
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@11 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Cleaning repos: ftpyum
Cleaning up Everything
四、验证(在11.22机器上验证，并且下载某个包)
[root@11 yum.repos.d]# yum list
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
ftpyum | 4.1 kB 00:00
ftpyum/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00
Installed Packages
ConsoleKit.x86_64 0.4.1-6.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201604140956.x86_64/6.8
ConsoleKit-libs.x86_64 0.4.1-6.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201604140956.x86_64/6.8
GConf2.x86_64 2.28.0-6.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201604140956.x86_64/6.8
MAKEDEV.x86_64 3.24-6.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201604140956.x86_64/6.8
ORBit2.x86_64 2.14.17-5.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201604140956.x86_64/6.8
[root@11 yum.repos.d]# yum install tree -y
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.5.3-3.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.5.3-3.el6 ftpyum (是11.24我们设定的仓库的标签) 36 k
Transaction Summary
五、如果需要保留缓存的rpm文件，那么就要修改YUM的主要配置文件/etc/yum.conf,将keepcache设置为1
在步骤四中我们下载了tree软件，去YUM的缓存目录/var/cache/yum目录下查看有没有rpm包缓存
[root@11 yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache/yum
[root@11 yum]# ls
x86_64
[root@11 yum]# cd x86_64
[root@11 x86_64]# ls
6Server
[root@11 x86_64]# cd 6Server
[root@11 6Server]# ls
ftpyum yum_local
[root@11 6Server]# cd ftpyum--------------因为我们11.24主机的仓库标签是ftpyum
[root@11 ftpyum]# ls
0fb0ba8a643b701c4677af3a26f308479cd8ee566a225a7b6b7e0abed60b8c21-productid.gz cachecookie repomd.xml
abfe02384c880facf7fa7915b74b4ffdc9ab007b4bbadf5dde74dddb13d7d68a-primary.sqlite packages
[root@11 ftpyum]# cd packages
[root@11 packages]# ls
[root@11 packages]# -----------------表示虽然我们安装了软件包，但是是没有缓存的
通过修改主配置文件，可以缓存我们机器下载的RPM包
1、首先卸载tree软件
[root@11 packages]# yum remove tree -y
[root@11 packages]# rpm -q tree
package tree is not installed
2、修改主配置文件/etc/yum.conf
[root@11 packages]# vim /etc/yum.conf
keepcache=0------------------------------------将这一项参数改为1
3、重新安装tree，再次查看缓存
[root@11 packages]# yum install tree -y
[root@11 packages]# cd /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6Server/ftpyum
[root@11 ftpyum]# ls
0fb0ba8a643b701c4677af3a26f308479cd8ee566a225a7b6b7e0abed60b8c21-productid.gz cachecookie repomd.xml
abfe02384c880facf7fa7915b74b4ffdc9ab007b4bbadf5dde74dddb13d7d68a-primary.sqlite packages
[root@11 ftpyum]# cd packages
[root@11 packages]# ls
tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm-------------------------是我们安装的包的缓存