前言
上一篇分析Mybatis是如何加载解析XML文件的,本篇紧接上文,分析Mybatis的剩余两个阶段:代理封装和SQL执行。
正文
代理封装
Mybatis有两种方式调用Mapper接口:
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlMapper = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
// 第一种
try (SqlSession session = sqlMapper.openSession(TransactionIsolationLevel.SERIALIZABLE)) {
Blog blog = session.selectOne("org.apache.ibatis.domain.blog.mappers.BlogMapper.selectBlogWithPostsUsingSubSelect", 1);
}
// 第二种
try (SqlSession session = sqlMapper.openSession()) {
AuthorMapper mapper = session.getMapper(AuthorMapper.class);
Author author = mapper.selectAuthor(101);
}
从上面代码可以看到无论是哪一种首先都要创建SqlSessionFactory对象,然后通过这个对象拿到SqlSession对象。在早期版本中只能通过该对象的增删改调用Mapper接口,很明显这种方式可读性很差,难以维护,写起来也复杂,所以后面谷歌开始维护Mybatis后,重新封装提供了第二种方式直接调用Mapper接口。不过本质上第二种是在第一种的基础之上实现的,所以下面就以第二种为主进行分析,进入到getMapper方法:
public T getMapper(Class type) {
return configuration.getMapper(type, this);
}
public T getMapper(Class type, SqlSession sqlSession) {
return mapperRegistry.getMapper(type, sqlSession);
}
public T getMapper(Class type, SqlSession sqlSession) {
final MapperProxyFactory mapperProxyFactory = (MapperProxyFactory) knownMappers.get(type);
if (mapperProxyFactory == null) {
throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is not known to the MapperRegistry.");
}
try {
return mapperProxyFactory.newInstance(sqlSession);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new BindingException("Error getting mapper instance. Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
mapperRegistry对象在上一篇分析过,是在解析xml中的mapper节点时注册进去的,而这个对象中缓存了Mapper接口和对应的代理工厂的映射,所以getMapper的核心就是通过这个工厂去创建代理对象:
public T newInstance(SqlSession sqlSession) {
//每次调用都会创建新的MapperProxy对象
final MapperProxy mapperProxy = new MapperProxy<>(sqlSession, mapperInterface, methodCache);
return newInstance(mapperProxy);
}
然后通过Mapper接口调用时首先就会调用到MapperProxy的invoke方法:
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
try {
if (Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {//如果是Object本身的方法不增强
return method.invoke(this, args);
} else if (isDefaultMethod(method)) {
return invokeDefaultMethod(proxy, method, args);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
}
//从缓存中获取mapperMethod对象,如果缓存中没有,则创建一个,并添加到缓存中
final MapperMethod mapperMethod = cachedMapperMethod(method);
//调用execute方法执行sql
return mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args);
}
private MapperMethod cachedMapperMethod(Method method) {
return methodCache.computeIfAbsent(method, k -> new MapperMethod(mapperInterface, method, sqlSession.getConfiguration()));
}
首先从缓存中拿到MapperMethod对象,这个对象封装了SQL语句的类型、命名空间、入参、返回类型等信息,然后通过它的execute方法调用SqlSession的增删查改方法:
public Object execute(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
Object result;
//根据sql语句类型以及接口返回的参数选择调用不同的
switch (command.getType()) {
case INSERT: {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param));
break;
}
case UPDATE: {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param));
break;
}
case DELETE: {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.delete(command.getName(), param));
break;
}
case SELECT:
if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) {//返回值为void
executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args);
result = null;
} else if (method.returnsMany()) {//返回值为集合或者数组
result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args);
} else if (method.returnsMap()) {//返回值为map
result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args);
} else if (method.returnsCursor()) {//返回值为游标
result = executeForCursor(sqlSession, args);
} else {//处理返回为单一对象的情况
//通过参数解析器解析解析参数
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param);
if (method.returnsOptional() &&
(result == null || !method.getReturnType().equals(result.getClass()))) {
result = OptionalUtil.ofNullable(result);
}
}
break;
case FLUSH:
result = sqlSession.flushStatements();
break;
default:
throw new BindingException("Unknown execution method for: " + command.getName());
}
if (result == null && method.getReturnType().isPrimitive() && !method.returnsVoid()) {
throw new BindingException("Mapper method '" + command.getName()
+ " attempted to return null from a method with a primitive return type (" + method.getReturnType() + ").");
}
return result;
}
上文说过SqlSession本质上是门面模式的体现,其本质上是通过Executor执行器组件实现的,在该组件中定义了所有访问数据库的方法:
public List selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) {
try {
//从configuration中获取要执行的sql语句的配置信息
MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
//通过executor执行语句,并返回指定的结果集
return executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database. Cause: " + e, e);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
}
}
而Executor对象是在获取SqlSession时创建的:
public SqlSession openSession() {
return openSessionFromDataSource(configuration.getDefaultExecutorType(), null, false);
}
private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
Transaction tx = null;
try {
//获取mybatis配置文件中的environment对象
final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();
//从environment获取transactionFactory对象
final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
//创建事务对象
tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);
//根据配置创建executor
final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType);
//创建DefaultSqlSession
return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit);
} catch (Exception e) {
closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()
throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session. Cause: " + e, e);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
}
}
TransactionFactory是我们在xml中配置的transactionManager属性,可选的属性有JDBC和Managed,然后根据我们的配置创建事务对象,之后才是创建Executor对象。
public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {
executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
Executor executor;
if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {
executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
} else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
} else {
executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
}
//如果有节点,通过装饰器,添加二级缓存的能力
if (cacheEnabled) {
executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);
}
//通过interceptorChain遍历所有的插件为executor增强,添加插件的功能
executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
return executor;
}
Executor有三个基本的实现类:
- BatchExecutor:批处理执行器,执行批量更新、插入等操作。
- ReuseExecutor:可重用执行器,缓存并重用Statement(Statement、PreparedStatement、CallableStatement)。
- SimpleExecutor:默认使用的执行器,每次执行都会创建 新的Statement。
这三个执行器都继承了自抽象的BaseExecutor,同时如果开启了二级缓存功能,在这里还会装饰一个CachingExecutor为其添加二级缓存的能力。另外还要注意在这段代码的最后还有拦截器进行了包装,也就是扩展插件的实现 ,关于这部分内容在一篇进行分析。
SQL执行
二级缓存的代码很简单,这里直接略过,所以直接进入到BaseExecutor.query方法:
public List query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
//获取sql语句信息,包括占位符,参数等信息
BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameter);
//拼装缓存的key值
CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameter, rowBounds, boundSql);
return query(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
public List query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId());
if (closed) {//检查当前executor是否关闭
throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
}
if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {//非嵌套查询,并且FlushCache配置为true,则需要清空一级缓存
clearLocalCache();
}
List list;
try {
queryStack++;//查询层次加一
list = resultHandler == null ? (List) localCache.getObject(key) : null;//查询以及缓存
if (list != null) {
//针对调用存储过程的结果处理
handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
} else {
//缓存未命中,从数据库加载数据
list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
} finally {
queryStack--;
}
if (queryStack == 0) {
for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) {//延迟加载处理
deferredLoad.load();
}
// issue #601
deferredLoads.clear();
if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) {//如果当前sql的一级缓存配置为STATEMENT,查询完既清空一集缓存
// issue #482
clearLocalCache();
}
}
return list;
}
首先从一级缓存localCache里面拿,如果没有,才真正地访问数据库,并将返回结果存入到一级缓存中。
private List queryFromDatabase(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
List list;
localCache.putObject(key, EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER);//在缓存中添加占位符
try {
//调用抽象方法doQuery,方法查询数据库并返回结果,可选的实现包括:simple、reuse、batch
list = doQuery(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
} finally {
localCache.removeObject(key);//在缓存中删除占位符
}
localCache.putObject(key, list);//将真正的结果对象添加到一级缓存
if (ms.getStatementType() == StatementType.CALLABLE) {//如果是调用存储过程
localOutputParameterCache.putObject(key, parameter);//缓存输出类型结果参数
}
return list;
}
这里的doQuery是子类实现的,即模板模式,以SimpleExecutor为例:
public List doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();//获取configuration对象
//创建StatementHandler对象,
StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
//StatementHandler对象创建stmt,并使用parameterHandler对占位符进行处理
stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog());
//通过statementHandler对象调用ResultSetHandler将结果集转化为指定对象返回
return handler.query(stmt, resultHandler);
} finally {
closeStatement(stmt);
}
}
通读这里的代码我们可以发现,Executor本身是不会访问到数据库,而是作为指挥官,指挥三个小弟干事:
- StatementHandler:创建PreparedStatement、Statement和CallableStatement对象。
- ParameterHandler:在StatementHandler构造函数中创建,对预编译的 SQL 语句进行参数设置。
- ResultSetHandler:在StatementHandler构造函数中创建,对数据库返回的结果集(ResultSet)进行封装,返回用户指定的实体类型。
上面三个对象都是在configuration.newStatementHandler方法中创建的,然后调用prepareStatement拿到合适的Statement,如果是预编译的还会进行参数设置:
private Statement prepareStatement(StatementHandler handler, Log statementLog) throws SQLException {
Statement stmt;
//获取connection对象的动态代理,添加日志能力;
Connection connection = getConnection(statementLog);
//通过不同的StatementHandler,利用connection创建(prepare)Statement
stmt = handler.prepare(connection, transaction.getTimeout());
//使用parameterHandler处理占位符
handler.parameterize(stmt);
return stmt;
}
如果在DEBUG模式下拿到的Connection对象是ConnectionLogger,这就和第一篇的内容串联起来了。之后再通过query方法调用execute执行SQL语句,并使用ResultSetHandler处理结果集:
public List
这里最终就是通过反射模块以及Configuration类中的result相关配置进行结果映射:
private void handleResultSet(ResultSetWrapper rsw, ResultMap resultMap, List multipleResults, ResultMapping parentMapping) throws SQLException {
try {
if (parentMapping != null) {//处理多结果集的嵌套映射
handleRowValues(rsw, resultMap, null, RowBounds.DEFAULT, parentMapping);
} else {
if (resultHandler == null) {//如果resultHandler为空,实例化一个人默认的resultHandler
DefaultResultHandler defaultResultHandler = new DefaultResultHandler(objectFactory);
//对ResultSet进行映射,映射结果暂存在resultHandler中
handleRowValues(rsw, resultMap, defaultResultHandler, rowBounds, null);
//将暂存在resultHandler中的映射结果,填充到multipleResults
multipleResults.add(defaultResultHandler.getResultList());
} else {
//使用指定的rusultHandler进行转换
handleRowValues(rsw, resultMap, resultHandler, rowBounds, null);
}
}
} finally {
// issue #228 (close resultsets)
//调用resultset.close()关闭结果集
closeResultSet(rsw.getResultSet());
}
}
public void handleRowValues(ResultSetWrapper rsw, ResultMap resultMap, ResultHandler> resultHandler, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultMapping parentMapping) throws SQLException {
if (resultMap.hasNestedResultMaps()) {//处理有嵌套resultmap的情况
ensureNoRowBounds();
checkResultHandler();
handleRowValuesForNestedResultMap(rsw, resultMap, resultHandler, rowBounds, parentMapping);
} else {//处理没有嵌套resultmap的情况
handleRowValuesForSimpleResultMap(rsw, resultMap, resultHandler, rowBounds, parentMapping);
}
}
private void handleRowValuesForSimpleResultMap(ResultSetWrapper rsw, ResultMap resultMap, ResultHandler> resultHandler, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultMapping parentMapping)
throws SQLException {
//创建结果上下文,所谓的上下文就是专门在循环中缓存结果对象的
DefaultResultContext resultContext = new DefaultResultContext<>();
//1.根据分页信息,定位到指定的记录
skipRows(rsw.getResultSet(), rowBounds);
//2.shouldProcessMoreRows判断是否需要映射后续的结果,实际还是翻页处理,避免超过limit
while (shouldProcessMoreRows(resultContext, rowBounds) && rsw.getResultSet().next()) {
//3.进一步完善resultMap信息,主要是处理鉴别器的信息
ResultMap discriminatedResultMap = resolveDiscriminatedResultMap(rsw.getResultSet(), resultMap, null);
//4.读取resultSet中的一行记录并进行映射,转化并返回目标对象
Object rowValue = getRowValue(rsw, discriminatedResultMap);
//5.保存映射结果对象
storeObject(resultHandler, resultContext, rowValue, parentMapping, rsw.getResultSet());
}
}
private Object getRowValue(ResultSetWrapper rsw, ResultMap resultMap) throws SQLException {
final ResultLoaderMap lazyLoader = new ResultLoaderMap();
//4.1 根据resultMap的type属性,实例化目标对象
Object rowValue = createResultObject(rsw, resultMap, lazyLoader, null);
if (rowValue != null && !hasTypeHandlerForResultObject(rsw, resultMap.getType())) {
//4.2 对目标对象进行封装得到metaObjcect,为后续的赋值操作做好准备
final MetaObject metaObject = configuration.newMetaObject(rowValue);
boolean foundValues = this.useConstructorMappings;//取得是否使用构造函数初始化属性值
if (shouldApplyAutomaticMappings(resultMap, false)) {//是否使用自动映射
//4.3一般情况下 autoMappingBehavior默认值为PARTIAL,对未明确指定映射规则的字段进行自动映射
foundValues = applyAutomaticMappings(rsw, resultMap, metaObject, null) || foundValues;
}
//4.4 映射resultMap中明确指定需要映射的列
foundValues = applyPropertyMappings(rsw, resultMap, metaObject, lazyLoader, null) || foundValues;
foundValues = lazyLoader.size() > 0 || foundValues;
//4.5 如果没有一个映射成功的属性,则根据的配置返回null或者结果对象
rowValue = foundValues || configuration.isReturnInstanceForEmptyRow() ? rowValue : null;
}
return rowValue;
}
- 自动映射
private boolean applyAutomaticMappings(ResultSetWrapper rsw, ResultMap resultMap, MetaObject metaObject, String columnPrefix) throws SQLException {
//获取resultSet中存在的,但是ResultMap中没有明确映射的列,填充至autoMapping中
List autoMapping = createAutomaticMappings(rsw, resultMap, metaObject, columnPrefix);
boolean foundValues = false;
if (!autoMapping.isEmpty()) {
//遍历autoMapping,通过自动匹配的方式为属性复制
for (UnMappedColumnAutoMapping mapping : autoMapping) {
//通过typeHandler从resultset中拿值
final Object value = mapping.typeHandler.getResult(rsw.getResultSet(), mapping.column);
if (value != null) {
foundValues = true;
}
if (value != null || (configuration.isCallSettersOnNulls() && !mapping.primitive)) {
// gcode issue #377, call setter on nulls (value is not 'found')
//通过metaObject给属性赋值
metaObject.setValue(mapping.property, value);
}
}
}
return foundValues;
}
- 指定映射
private boolean applyPropertyMappings(ResultSetWrapper rsw, ResultMap resultMap, MetaObject metaObject, ResultLoaderMap lazyLoader, String columnPrefix)
throws SQLException {
//从resultMap中获取明确需要转换的列名集合
final List mappedColumnNames = rsw.getMappedColumnNames(resultMap, columnPrefix);
boolean foundValues = false;
//获取ResultMapping集合
final List propertyMappings = resultMap.getPropertyResultMappings();
for (ResultMapping propertyMapping : propertyMappings) {
String column = prependPrefix(propertyMapping.getColumn(), columnPrefix);//获得列名,注意前缀的处理
if (propertyMapping.getNestedResultMapId() != null) {
// the user added a column attribute to a nested result map, ignore it
//如果属性通过另外一个resultMap映射,则忽略
column = null;
}
if (propertyMapping.isCompositeResult()//如果是嵌套查询,column={prop1=col1,prop2=col2}
|| (column != null && mappedColumnNames.contains(column.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH)))//基本类型映射
|| propertyMapping.getResultSet() != null) {//嵌套查询的结果
//获得属性值
Object value = getPropertyMappingValue(rsw.getResultSet(), metaObject, propertyMapping, lazyLoader, columnPrefix);
// issue #541 make property optional
//获得属性名称
final String property = propertyMapping.getProperty();
if (property == null) {//属性名为空跳出循环
continue;
} else if (value == DEFERED) {//属性名为DEFERED,延迟加载的处理
foundValues = true;
continue;
}
if (value != null) {
foundValues = true;
}
if (value != null || (configuration.isCallSettersOnNulls() && !metaObject.getSetterType(property).isPrimitive())) {
// gcode issue #377, call setter on nulls (value is not 'found')
//通过metaObject为目标对象设置属性值
metaObject.setValue(property, value);
}
}
}
return foundValues;
}
反射实例化对象的代码比较长,但逻辑都比较清晰,上面的关键流程代码也都加上了注释,读者可自行参照源码阅读。
总结
Mybatis核心原理就分析完了,相比较Spring源码简单了很多,但代码的优雅度和优秀的设计思想一点也不亚于Spring,也是非常值得我们好好学习掌握的。不过这3篇只是分析了Mybaits的核心执行原理,另外还有插件怎么扩展、拦截器会拦截哪些方法以及Mybatis和Spring的整合又是怎么实现的呢?读者们可以好好思考下,答案将在下一篇揭晓。