CICD（二） Ansible

Ansible

Ansible简介

• Ansible是一款开源部署工具
• 基于Python开发
• 特点： SSH协议；全平台；无需编译；模块化部署管理
• 作用： 推送Plakbook进行远程节点的快速部署

Ansible与Chef，Saltstack的不同

Chef

• Ruby语言编写
• CS架构
• 配置需要Git依赖
• Rrcipe脚本书写规范，需要编程经验

Saltstack

• Python语言编写
• CS架构
• 模块化配置管理
• Yaml脚本书写规范
• 适合大规模集群部署

Ansible

• 基于Python
  • 无Client
  • 模块化管理
  • Playbook脚本编写规范
  • 易上手
  • 适合中小规模部署

Ansible的优势和应用场景

• 轻量级无客户端（Agentless）
• 开源免费，学习成本低，快速上手
• 使用playbook作为核心配置架构，统一的脚本格式批量化部署
• 完善的模块化拓展，支持目前主流的开发场景
• 强大的稳定性和兼容性
• 活跃的社区问题讨论与技术支持

Ansible的安装与配置

• 安装Python3.6,Virtualenv，Ansible2.5

[root@centos7-node3 ~]# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
[root@centos7-node3 ~]# yum -y install python36 python36-devel git nss curl curl-devel
[root@centos7-node3 ~]# pip3 install virtualenv
[root@centos7-node3 ~]# useradd deploy
[root@centos7-node3 ~]# su - deploy
[deploy@centos7-node3 ~]$ virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3.6 .py3-a2.5-env
[deploy@centos7-node3 ~]$ source .py3-a2.5-env/bin/activate     #激活环境
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 ~]$ pip install paramiko PyYAML jinja2
[deploy@centos7-node3 ~]$ git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 ~]$ mv ansible .py3-a2.5-env/
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 ~]$ cd .py3-a2.5-env/ansible/
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 ansible]$ git checkout stable-2.5
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 ansible]$ source /home/deploy/.py3-a2.5-env/ansible/hacking/env-setup -q   #加载环境
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 ansible]$ ansible --version    #安装完成

实战

• SSH到客户端的免密认证

(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i /home/deploy/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]

• 编写剧本

(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 ~]$ mkdir test_playbooks
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 ~]$ cd test_playbooks/
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 test_playbooks]$ mkdir inventory  
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 test_playbooks]$ mkdir roles
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 test_playbooks]$ vim inventory/testenv
[testservers]
centos7-node5

[testservers:vars]
servername=centos7-node5
user=root
output=/root/test.txt
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 test_playbooks]$ mkdir roles/testbox/tasks -p
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 test_playbooks]$ vim roles/testbox/tasks/main.yaml
(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 test_playbooks]$ vim roles/testbox/tasks/main.yaml
- name: Print server name and user to remote testbox
  shell: "echo 'Currently {{ user }} is logging {{ servername }}' >> {{output}}"

(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 test_playbooks]$ vim deploy.yml
- hosts: "testservers"
  gather_facts: true
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - testbox

• ansible端设置主机名解析

[root@centos7-node3 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.56.11 centos7-node1
192.168.56.12 centos7-node2
192.168.56.13 centos7-node3
192.168.56.14 centos7-node4
192.168.56.15 centos7-node5

• 部署实战

(.py3-a2.5-env) [deploy@centos7-node3 test_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook deploy.yml