Mybatis的使用与工作原理
使用方法
1.添加maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.4-snapshot</version>
</dependency>
<!--test测试引用-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2.Mybatis-config.xml文件
<properties resource="db.properties"></properties>
<settings>
<!-- 打印查询语句 -->
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING" />
<!-- 控制全局缓存（二级缓存），默认 true-->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
<!-- 延迟加载的全局开关。当开启时，所有关联对象都会延迟加载。默认 false -->
<setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
<!-- 当开启时，任何方法的调用都会加载该对象的所有属性。默认 false，可通过select标签的 fetchType来覆盖-->
<setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="true"/>
<!-- Mybatis 创建具有延迟加载能力的对象所用到的代理工具，默认JAVASSIST -->
<!--<setting name="proxyFactory" value="CGLIB" />-->
<!-- STATEMENT级别的缓存，使一级缓存，只针对当前执行的这一statement有效 -->
<!--
<setting name="localCacheScope" value="STATEMENT"/>
-->
<setting name="localCacheScope" value="SESSION"/>
</settings>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/><!-- 单独使用时配置成MANAGED没有事务 -->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="BlogMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
3.代码
@Before
public void prepare() throws IOException {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
//1.sqlSessionFactory
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
}
@Test
public void testSelect() throws IOException {
//2-sqlSession
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); // ExecutorType.BATCH
try {
//3-MapperProxy
BlogMapper mapper = session.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
//4-MapperProxy.invoke();
Blog blog = mapper.selectBlogById(1);
System.out.println(blog);
} finally {
session.close();
}
}
工作流程图
工作原理
接下来，我们通过流程图来一步步解析源码，了解mybatis的工作原理
1.加载配置文件生成sqlSessionFactory会话工厂
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.java
public SqlSessionFactory build(InputStream inputStream, String environment, Properties properties) {
try {
// 用于解析 mybatis-config.xml，同时创建了 Configuration 对象 >>
XMLConfigBuilder parser = new XMLConfigBuilder(inputStream, environment, properties);
// 解析XML，最终返回一个 DefaultSqlSessionFactory >>
return build(parser.parse());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error building SqlSession.", e);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// Intentionally ignore. Prefer previous error.
}
}
}
通过IO读取配置文件，然后去解析XML
XMLConfigBuilder.java
public Configuration parse() {
if (parsed) {
throw new BuilderException("Each XMLConfigBuilder can only be used once.");
}
parsed = true;
// XPathParser，dom 和 SAX 都有用到 >>
parseConfiguration(parser.evalNode("/configuration"));
return configuration;
}
private void parseConfiguration(XNode root) {
try {
//issue #117 read properties first
// 对于全局配置文件各种标签的解析
propertiesElement(root.evalNode("properties"));
// 解析 settings 标签
Properties settings = settingsAsProperties(root.evalNode("settings"));
loadCustomVfs(settings);
loadCustomLogImpl(settings);
// 类型别名
typeAliasesElement(root.evalNode("typeAliases"));
// 插件
pluginElement(root.evalNode("plugins"));
// 用于创建对象
objectFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectFactory"));
// 用于对对象进行加工
objectWrapperFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectWrapperFactory"));
// 反射工具箱
reflectorFactoryElement(root.evalNode("reflectorFactory"));
// settings 子标签赋值，默认值就是在这里提供的 >>
settingsElement(settings);
// read it after objectFactory and objectWrapperFactory issue #631
// 创建了数据源 >>
environmentsElement(root.evalNode("environments"));
databaseIdProviderElement(root.evalNode("databaseIdProvider"));
typeHandlerElement(root.evalNode("typeHandlers"));
// 解析引用的Mapper映射器
mapperElement(root.evalNode("mappers"));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new BuilderException("Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
其中，最重要的是解析Mapper.xml文件的过程
XMLMapperBuilder.java
public void parse() {
// 总体上做了两件事情，对于语句的注册和接口的注册
if (!configuration.isResourceLoaded(resource)) {
// 1、具体增删改查标签的解析。
// 一个标签一个MappedStatement。 >>
configurationElement(parser.evalNode("/mapper"));
configuration.addLoadedResource(resource);
// 2、把namespace（接口类型）和工厂类绑定起来，放到一个map。
// 一个namespace 一个 MapperProxyFactory >>
bindMapperForNamespace();
}
parsePendingResultMaps();
parsePendingCacheRefs();
parsePendingStatements();
}
第一步，先看对增删改查标签的解析
XMLMapperBuilder.java
public void parseStatementNode() {
String id = context.getStringAttribute("id");
String databaseId = context.getStringAttribute("databaseId");
if (!databaseIdMatchesCurrent(id, databaseId, this.requiredDatabaseId)) {
return;
}
String nodeName = context.getNode().getNodeName();
SqlCommandType sqlCommandType = SqlCommandType.valueOf(nodeName.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
boolean isSelect = sqlCommandType == SqlCommandType.SELECT;
boolean flushCache = context.getBooleanAttribute("flushCache", !isSelect);
boolean useCache = context.getBooleanAttribute("useCache", isSelect);
boolean resultOrdered = context.getBooleanAttribute("resultOrdered", false);
// Include Fragments before parsing
XMLIncludeTransformer includeParser = new XMLIncludeTransformer(configuration, builderAssistant);
includeParser.applyIncludes(context.getNode());
String parameterType = context.getStringAttribute("parameterType");
Class<?> parameterTypeClass = resolveClass(parameterType);
String lang = context.getStringAttribute("lang");
LanguageDriver langDriver = getLanguageDriver(lang);
// Parse selectKey after includes and remove them.
processSelectKeyNodes(id, parameterTypeClass, langDriver);
// Parse the SQL (pre: and were parsed and removed)
KeyGenerator keyGenerator;
String keyStatementId = id + SelectKeyGenerator.SELECT_KEY_SUFFIX;
keyStatementId = builderAssistant.applyCurrentNamespace(keyStatementId, true);
if (configuration.hasKeyGenerator(keyStatementId)) {
keyGenerator = configuration.getKeyGenerator(keyStatementId);
} else {
keyGenerator = context.getBooleanAttribute("useGeneratedKeys",
configuration.isUseGeneratedKeys() && SqlCommandType.INSERT.equals(sqlCommandType))
? Jdbc3KeyGenerator.INSTANCE : NoKeyGenerator.INSTANCE;
}
SqlSource sqlSource = langDriver.createSqlSource(configuration, context, parameterTypeClass);
StatementType statementType = StatementType.valueOf(context.getStringAttribute("statementType", StatementType.PREPARED.toString()));
Integer fetchSize = context.getIntAttribute("fetchSize");
Integer timeout = context.getIntAttribute("timeout");
String parameterMap = context.getStringAttribute("parameterMap");
String resultType = context.getStringAttribute("resultType");
Class<?> resultTypeClass = resolveClass(resultType);
String resultMap = context.getStringAttribute("resultMap");
String resultSetType = context.getStringAttribute("resultSetType");
ResultSetType resultSetTypeEnum = resolveResultSetType(resultSetType);
if (resultSetTypeEnum == null) {
resultSetTypeEnum = configuration.getDefaultResultSetType();
}
String keyProperty = context.getStringAttribute("keyProperty");
String keyColumn = context.getStringAttribute("keyColumn");
String resultSets = context.getStringAttribute("resultSets");
// >> 关键的一步： MappedStatement 的创建
builderAssistant.addMappedStatement(id, sqlSource, statementType, sqlCommandType,
fetchSize, timeout, parameterMap, parameterTypeClass, resultMap, resultTypeClass,
resultSetTypeEnum, flushCache, useCache, resultOrdered,
keyGenerator, keyProperty, keyColumn, databaseId, langDriver, resultSets);
}
代码最后看到，将增删查改标签解析成MappedStatement对象，一个标签就是一个MappedStatement对象
第二步，就是对接口也就是namespace的注册
XMLMapperBuilder.java
private void bindMapperForNamespace() {
String namespace = builderAssistant.getCurrentNamespace();
if (namespace != null) {
Class<?> boundType = null;
try {
boundType = Resources.classForName(namespace);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
//ignore, bound type is not required
}
if (boundType != null) {
if (!configuration.hasMapper(boundType)) {
// Spring may not know the real resource name so we set a flag
// to prevent loading again this resource from the mapper interface
// look at MapperAnnotationBuilder#loadXmlResource
configuration.addLoadedResource("namespace:" + namespace);
// 添加到 MapperRegistry，本质是一个 map，里面也有 Configuration >>
configuration.addMapper(boundType);
}
}
}
}
MapperRegistry.java
public <T> void addMapper(Class<T> type) {
if (type.isInterface()) {
if (hasMapper(type)) {
throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is already known to the MapperRegistry.");
}
boolean loadCompleted = false;
try {
// ！Map, MapperProxyFactory> 存放的是接口类型，和对应的工厂类的关系
knownMappers.put(type, new MapperProxyFactory<>(type));
// It's important that the type is added before the parser is run
// otherwise the binding may automatically be attempted by the
// mapper parser. If the type is already known, it won't try.
// 注册了接口之后，根据接口，开始解析所有方法上的注解，例如 @Select >> 不提倡用这种方法
MapperAnnotationBuilder parser = new MapperAnnotationBuilder(config, type);
parser.parse();
loadCompleted = true;
} finally {
if (!loadCompleted) {
knownMappers.remove(type);
}
}
}
}
实际上是把接口通过MapperRegistry容器管理，而这个容器的本质是一个Map
//存放的是接口类型，和对应的工厂类的关系
private final Map<Class<?>, MapperProxyFactory<?>> knownMappers = new HashMap<>();
最后生成一个sqlSessionFactory会话工厂
XMLConfigBuilder.java
public SqlSessionFactory build(Configuration config) {
return new DefaultSqlSessionFactory(config);
}
2.生成sqlSession会话
DefaultSqlSessionFactory.java
private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
Transaction tx = null;
try {
final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();
// 获取事务工厂
final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
// 创建事务
tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);
// 根据事务工厂和默认的执行器类型，创建执行器 >>
final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType);
return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit);
} catch (Exception e) {
closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()
throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session. Cause: " + e, e);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
}
}
通过事务工厂穿件事务，然后创建了执行器，也就是流程图中的Executor
最后，返回了一个DefaultSqlSession对象。注意，DefaultSqlSession不是线程安全的，所以每次连接时都要创建一个DefaultSqlSession对象
3.生成Mapper对象
MapperRegistry.java
public <T> T getMapper(Class<T> type, SqlSession sqlSession) {
final MapperProxyFactory<T> mapperProxyFactory = (MapperProxyFactory<T>) knownMappers.get(type);
if (mapperProxyFactory == null) {
throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is not known to the MapperRegistry.");
}
try {
return mapperProxyFactory.newInstance(sqlSession);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new BindingException("Error getting mapper instance. Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
又回到我们之间解析namespace接口时所生成Map的对象，然后通过接口的工厂类，通过jdk动态代理生成了一个代理类，也就是说BlogMapper mapper = session.getMapper(BlogMapper.class)其实是生成了一个MapperProxy代理类
MapperProxyFactory.java
// 1
public T newInstance(SqlSession sqlSession) {
final MapperProxy<T> mapperProxy = new MapperProxy<>(sqlSession, mapperInterface, methodCache);
return newInstance(mapperProxy);
}
// 2
protected T newInstance(MapperProxy<T> mapperProxy) {
// 1：类加载器:2：被代理类实现的接口、3：实现了 InvocationHandler 的触发管理类
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mapperInterface.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { mapperInterface }, mapperProxy);
}
4.执行
了解过jdk动态代理的都知道，执行对象的方法其实是执行MapperProxy的invoke()方法
MapperProxy.java
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
try {
// toString hashCode equals getClass等方法，无需走到执行SQL的流程
if (Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
//代理类执行
return method.invoke(this, args);
} else {
// 提升获取 mapperMethod 的效率，到 MapperMethodInvoker（内部接口） 的 invoke
// 普通方法会走到 PlainMethodInvoker（内部类） 的 invoke
return cachedInvoker(method).invoke(proxy, method, args, sqlSession);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
}
}
最后来到真正的invoke()方法
MapperProxy.java
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args, SqlSession sqlSession) throws Throwable {
// SQL执行的真正起点
return mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args);
}
MapperMethod.java
public Object execute(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
Object result;
switch (command.getType()) {
case INSERT: {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param));
break;
}
case UPDATE: {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param));
break;
}
case DELETE: {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.delete(command.getName(), param));
break;
}
case SELECT:
if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) {
executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args);
result = null;
} else if (method.returnsMany()) {
result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args);
} else if (method.returnsMap()) {
result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args);
} else if (method.returnsCursor()) {
result = executeForCursor(sqlSession, args);
} else {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
// 普通 select 语句的执行入口 >>
result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param);
if (method.returnsOptional()
&& (result == null || !method.getReturnType().equals(result.getClass()))) {
result = Optional.ofNullable(result);
}
}
break;
case FLUSH:
result = sqlSession.flushStatements();
break;
default:
throw new BindingException("Unknown execution method for: " + command.getName());
}
if (result == null && method.getReturnType().isPrimitive() && !method.returnsVoid()) {
throw new BindingException("Mapper method '" + command.getName()
+ " attempted to return null from a method with a primitive return type (" + method.getReturnType() + ").");
}
return result;
}
我们以selectOne为例
DefaultSqlSession.java
public <T> T selectOne(String statement, Object parameter) {
// 来到了 DefaultSqlSession
// Popular vote was to return null on 0 results and throw exception on too many.
List<T> list = this.selectList(statement, parameter);
if (list.size() == 1) {
return list.get(0);
} else if (list.size() > 1) {
throw new TooManyResultsException("Expected one result (or null) to be returned by selectOne(), but found: " + list.size());
} else {
return null;
}
}
其实是调用了selectList方法，也就是说无论你是查询一条还是多条都是执行这个方法
DefaultSqlSession.java
@Override
public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) {
try {
MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
// 如果 cacheEnabled = true（默认），Executor会被 CachingExecutor装饰
return executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database. Cause: " + e, e);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
}
}
拿到了我们之前封装增删查改标签的MappedStatement 对象，然后通过处理器executor去执行sql语句
CachingExecutor.java
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
// 获取SQL
BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameterObject);
// 创建CacheKey：什么样的SQL是同一条SQL？ >>
CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, boundSql);
return query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql)
throws SQLException {
Cache cache = ms.getCache();
// cache 对象是在哪里创建的？ XMLMapperBuilder类 xmlconfigurationElement()
// 由 标签决定
if (cache != null) {
// flushCache="true" 清空一级二级缓存 >>
flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
ensureNoOutParams(ms, boundSql);
List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key);
if (list == null) {
list = delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
// 写入二级缓存
tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116
}
return list;
}
}
// 走到 SimpleExecutor | ReuseExecutor | BatchExecutor
return delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
先去缓存拿结果，如果缓存没有，就查询数据库，并将结果写入缓存。
BaseExecutor.java
private <E> List<E> queryFromDatabase(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
List<E> list;
// 先占位
localCache.putObject(key, EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER);
try {
// 三种 Executor 的区别，看doUpdate
// 默认Simple
list = doQuery(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
} finally {
// 移除占位符
localCache.removeObject(key);
}
// 写入一级缓存
localCache.putObject(key, list);
if (ms.getStatementType() == StatementType.CALLABLE) {
localOutputParameterCache.putObject(key, parameter);
}
return list;
}
写入缓存前，先占位，然后查询结束后删掉占位符，然后插入缓存
SimpleExecutor.java
public <E> List<E> doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
// 注意，已经来到SQL处理的关键对象 StatementHandler >>
StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
// 获取一个 Statement对象
stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog());
// 执行查询
return handler.query(stmt, resultHandler);
} finally {
// 用完就关闭
closeStatement(stmt);
}
}
Configuration.java
public StatementHandler newStatementHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) {
StatementHandler statementHandler = new RoutingStatementHandler(executor, mappedStatement, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
// 植入插件逻辑（返回代理对象）
statementHandler = (StatementHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(statementHandler);
return statementHandler;
}
最后来到了流程图最核心的一个对象StatementHandler ，通过一个路由类RoutingStatementHandler去创建PreparedStatementHandler对象
RoutingStatementHandler.java
public RoutingStatementHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) {
// StatementType 是怎么来的？ 增删改查标签中的 statementType="PREPARED"，默认值 PREPARED
switch (ms.getStatementType()) {
case STATEMENT:
delegate = new SimpleStatementHandler(executor, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
break;
case PREPARED:
// 创建 StatementHandler 的时候做了什么？ >>
delegate = new PreparedStatementHandler(executor, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
break;
case CALLABLE:
delegate = new CallableStatementHandler(executor, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
break;
default:
throw new ExecutorException("Unknown statement type: " + ms.getStatementType());
}
}
因为增删改查标签中的 statementType的默认值 PREPARED，所以创建PreparedStatementHandler对象
BaseStatementHandler.java
protected BaseStatementHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) {
this.configuration = mappedStatement.getConfiguration();
this.executor = executor;
this.mappedStatement = mappedStatement;
this.rowBounds = rowBounds;
this.typeHandlerRegistry = configuration.getTypeHandlerRegistry();
this.objectFactory = configuration.getObjectFactory();
if (boundSql == null) { // issue #435, get the key before calculating the statement
generateKeys(parameterObject);
boundSql = mappedStatement.getBoundSql(parameterObject);
}
this.boundSql = boundSql;
// 创建了四大对象的其它两大对象 >>
// 创建这两大对象的时候分别做了什么？
this.parameterHandler = configuration.newParameterHandler(mappedStatement, parameterObject, boundSql);
this.resultSetHandler = configuration.newResultSetHandler(executor, mappedStatement, rowBounds, parameterHandler, resultHandler, boundSql);
}
调用PreparedStatementHandler父类的构造方法生成了ParameterHandler和ResultSetHandler对象，这样，插件能够拦截的四大对象，就都创建了，最后通过插件的包装。然后通过Statement对象去执行query方法
PreparedStatementHandler.java
public <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) statement;
// 到了JDBC的流程
ps.execute();
// 处理结果集
return resultSetHandler.handleResultSets(ps);
}
把Statement 对象强转成JDBC的PreparedStatement 对象，然后去执行JDBC的代码。最后用上一步创建的resultSetHandler处理结果集
总结
- 配置文件，最核心的就是创建了Configuration对象，然后把每一个sql语句变成了一个MappedStatement对象，把namespace接口跟一个MapperProxyFactory类映射起来。
- 通过openSession拿到一个会话，通过它获取一个经过插件包装的SimpleExecutor执行器，并创建了事务，最后返回一个DefaultSqlSession
- 去MapperRegistry容器中拿到MapperProxyFactory工厂类，然后通过jdk动态代理获得一个MapperProxy动态代理类，并返回。
- 执行代理类的invoke()方法，然后执行器BaseExecutor拿到sql语句，创建ParameterHandler和ResultSetHandler对象，在创建一个Connection连接，然后用JDBC的PreparedStatement 去执行JDBC的查询，最后返回一个结果集。