前言:
在某些应用场景中,我们经常会遇到一些排名的问题,比如按成绩或年龄排名。排名也有多种排名方式,如直接排名、分组排名,排名有间隔或排名无间隔等等,这篇文章将总结几种MySQL中常见的排名问题。
创建测试表
create table scores_tb (
id int auto_increment primary key,
xuehao int not null,
score int not null
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
insert into scores_tb (xuehao,score) values (1001,89),(1002,99),(1003,96),(1004,96),(1005,92),(1006,90),(1007,90),(1008,94);
# 查看下插入的数据
mysql> select * from scores_tb;
+----+--------+-------+
| id | xuehao | score |
+----+--------+-------+
| 1 | 1001 | 89 |
| 2 | 1002 | 99 |
| 3 | 1003 | 96 |
| 4 | 1004 | 96 |
| 5 | 1005 | 92 |
| 6 | 1006 | 90 |
| 7 | 1007 | 90 |
| 8 | 1008 | 94 |
+----+--------+-------+
1.普通排名
按分数高低直接排名,从1开始,往下排,类似于row number。下面我们给出查询语句及排名结果。
# 查询语句
SELECT xuehao, score, @curRank := @curRank + 1 AS rank
FROM scores_tb, (
SELECT @curRank := 0
) r
ORDER BY score desc;
# 排序结果
+--------+-------+------+
| xuehao | score | rank |
+--------+-------+------+
| 1002 | 99 | 1 |
| 1003 | 96 | 2 |
| 1004 | 96 | 3 |
| 1008 | 94 | 4 |
| 1005 | 92 | 5 |
| 1006 | 90 | 6 |
| 1007 | 90 | 7 |
| 1001 | 89 | 8 |
+--------+-------+------+
上述查询语句中,我们申明了一个变量 @curRank ,并将此变量初始化为0,查得一行将此变量加一,并以此作为排名。我们看到这类排名是没间隔的并且有些分数相同但排名不同。
2.分数相同,名次相同,排名无间隔
# 查询语句
SELECT xuehao, score,
CASE
WHEN @prevRank = score THEN @curRank
WHEN @prevRank := score THEN @curRank := @curRank + 1
END AS rank
FROM scores_tb,
(SELECT @curRank :=0, @prevRank := NULL) r
ORDER BY score desc;
# 排名结果
+--------+-------+------+
| xuehao | score | rank |
+--------+-------+------+
| 1002 | 99 | 1 |
| 1003 | 96 | 2 |
| 1004 | 96 | 2 |
| 1008 | 94 | 3 |
| 1005 | 92 | 4 |
| 1006 | 90 | 5 |
| 1007 | 90 | 5 |
| 1001 | 89 | 6 |
+--------+-------+------+
3.并列排名,排名有间隔
另外一种排名方式是相同的值排名相同,相同值的下一个名次应该是跳跃整数值,即排名有间隔。
# 查询语句
SELECT xuehao, score, rank FROM
(SELECT xuehao, score,
@curRank := IF(@prevRank = score, @curRank, @incRank) AS rank,
@incRank := @incRank + 1,
@prevRank := score
FROM scores_tb, (
SELECT @curRank :=0, @prevRank := NULL, @incRank := 1
) r
ORDER BY score desc) s;
# 排名结果
+--------+-------+------+
| xuehao | score | rank |
+--------+-------+------+
| 1002 | 99 | 1 |
| 1003 | 96 | 2 |
| 1004 | 96 | 2 |
| 1008 | 94 | 4 |
| 1005 | 92 | 5 |
| 1006 | 90 | 6 |
| 1007 | 90 | 6 |
| 1001 | 89 | 8 |
+--------+-------+------+
上面介绍了三种排名方式,实现起来还是比较复杂的。好在MySQL8.0增加了窗口函数,使用内置函数可以轻松实现上述排名。
MySQL8.0 利用窗口函数实现排名
MySQL8.0中可以利用 ROW_NUMBER(),DENSE_RANK(),RANK() 三个窗口函数实现上述三种排名,需要注意的一点是as后的别名,千万不要与前面的函数名重名,否则会报错,下面给出这三种函数实现排名的案例:
# 三条语句对于上面三种排名
select xuehao,score, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(order by score desc) as row_r from scores_tb;
select xuehao,score, DENSE_RANK() OVER(order by score desc) as dense_r from scores_tb;
select xuehao,score, RANK() over(order by score desc) as r from scores_tb;
# 一条语句也可以查询出不同排名
SELECT xuehao,score,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER w AS 'row_r',
DENSE_RANK() OVER w AS 'dense_r',
RANK() OVER w AS 'r'
FROM `scores_tb`
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY `score` desc);
# 排名结果
+--------+-------+-------+---------+---+
| xuehao | score | row_r | dense_r | r |
+--------+-------+-------+---------+---+
| 1002 | 99 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1003 | 96 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 1004 | 96 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| 1008 | 94 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| 1005 | 92 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| 1006 | 90 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| 1007 | 90 | 7 | 5 | 6 |
| 1001 | 89 | 8 | 6 | 8 |
+--------+-------+-------+---------+---+
总结:
本文给出三种不同场景下实现统计排名的SQL,可以根据不同业务需求选取合适的排名方案。对比MySQL8.0,发现利用窗口函数可以更轻松实现排名,其实业务需求远远比我们举的示例要复杂许多,用SQL实现此类业务需求还是需要慢慢积累的。
参考:
- https://www.cnblogs.com/caicaizi/p/9803013.html
- https://blog.csdn.net/sqsltr/article/details/94408487