Python selenium自动化测试框架入门--登录测试实例

本文为Python自动化测试框架基础入门篇，主要帮助会写基本selenium测试代码又没有规划的同仁。
本文应用到POM模型、selenium、unittest框架、configparser配置文件、smtplib邮件发送、HTMLTestRunner测试报告模块结合登录案例实现简单自动化测试框架
项目主要包括以下几个部分

conif.ini 放置配置文件
例如：

myunit.py文件放置的浏览器操作代码

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__=='__main__':
    unittest.main()

base.py中放置浏览器对象操作代码

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
import os,configparser
class Page(object):
    path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("."))
    cfpath = os.path.join(path, 'autoparker\config\conf.ini')
    conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
    conf.read(cfpath)
    url=conf.get('base','url')
    def __init__(self,driver,url=url):
        self.driver=driver
        self.url=url

    def open(self):
        self.driver.get(self.url)

    def find_element(self,*loc):#传入参数为元组需要加*，本身就是元组的不需要*
        #print(*loc)
        try:
            WebDriverWait(self.driver,10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))
            return self.driver.find_element(*loc)
        except:
            print('页面中未找到 %s 元素'%(self,loc))

    def find_elements(self,*loc):
        return self.driver.find_elements(*loc)

    def send_keys(self,loc,value):
        self.find_element(*loc).send_keys(value)

    def click(self,loc):
        self.find_element(*loc).click()

    def clear(self,loc):
        self.find_element(*loc).clear()

loginpage.py中放置通用登录模块代码（尽量避免重复代码）

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep
from objpage.base import Page
class login(Page):

    username_loc=(By.NAME,'accounts')
    password_loc=(By.NAME,'pwd')
    login_button_loc=(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[5]/div/form/fieldset/p/button')
    login_error_loc=(By.XPATH,'//*[@id="common-prompt"]/p')

    def login_username(self,username):
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).clear()
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username)

    def login_password(self,password):
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).clear()
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)

    def login_button(self):
        self.find_element(*self.login_button_loc).click()

    #统一登录入口
    def user_login(self,username,password):
        self.open()
        self.login_username(username)
        self.login_password(password)
        self.login_button()
        sleep(2)

    #登录提示信息
    def login_error_text(self):
        return self.find_element(*self.login_error_loc).text

parker.py中放置公共元素操作代码（parker是我随便命名的，不纠结）

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select

class Parker(object):
    def __init__(self,browser='chrome'):
        if browser=='ie' or browser=='internet explorer':
            driver=webdriver.Ie()
        elif browser=='firefox' or browser=='ff':
            driver=webdriver.Firefox()
        elif browser=='chrome':
            driver=webdriver.Chrome()
        try:
            self.driver=driver
        except Exception:
            raise NameError('没有找到浏览器，请输入"ie","chrome","ff"')

    def wait(self,secs=5): #隐式等待
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(secs)

    def to_element(self,key):#元素定位
        if '->' not in key: #如果key里面不包含=就执行下列语句
            raise NameError('参数类型输入错误')
        by=key.split('->')[0] #通过分隔获取[0]对应的值
        val=key.split('->')[1]#通过分隔获取[1]对应的值
        if by=='id':
            element=self.driver.find_element_by_id(val)
        elif by=='name':
            element=self.driver.find_element_by_name(val)
        elif by=='class':
            element=self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(val)
        elif by=='link_text':
            element=self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(val)
        elif by=='xpath':
            element=self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(val)
        elif by=='css':
            element=self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(val)
        else:
            raise NameError('请输入正确的定位方式：id,name,class,link_text,xpath,css')
        return element

    def open(self,url):#打开一个URL
        self.driver.get(url)

    def max_window(self):#最大化窗口（浏览器）
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def set_windows(self,wide,high):#设置窗口大小
        self.driver.set_window_size(wide,high)

    def input(self,key,text):#对文本框进行输入
        el=self.to_element(key)
        el.send_keys(text)

    def click(self,key):#点击
        el=self.to_element(key)
        el.click()

    def clear(self,key):#清除文本框内容
        el=self.to_element(key)
        el.clear()

    def right_click(self,key):#右键操作
        el=self.to_element(key)
        ActionChains(self.driver).context_click(el).perform()

    def move_to_element(self,key):#鼠标悬停
        el=self.to_element(key)
        ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(el).perform()

    def drag_and_drop(self,el_key,ta_key):#拖拽 从一个元素拖到另外一个元素
        el=self.to_element(el_key)
        target=self.to_element(ta_key)
        ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop(el,target).perform()

    def click_text(self,text):
        self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(text).click()

    def close(self):#关闭当前浏览器窗口
        self.driver.close()

    def quit(self):#退出浏览器
        self.driver.quit()

    def submit(self,key):#提交事件
        el=self.to_element(key)
        el.submit()

    def F5(self):#刷新
        self.driver.refresh()

    def js(self,script):#执行js
        self.driver.execute_script(script)

    def get_attribute(self,key,attribute):#获取元素属性
        el=self.to_element(key)
        return el.get_attribute(attribute)

    def get_text(self,key):#获取text
        el=self.to_element(key)
        return el.text

    def get_title(self):#获取title
        return self.driver.title

    def get_url(self):#获取url
        return self.driver.current_url

    def to_frame(self,key):#窗口切换
        el=self.to_element(key)
        self.driver.switch_to.frame(el)

    def alert_accept(self):#对话框确认操作
        self.driver.switch_to.alert.accept()

    def alert_dismiss(self):#对话框取消操作
        self.driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()

    def img(self,fp):#截图
        self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(fp)

    def select_by_value(self,key,value):#下拉框操作
        el=self.to_element(key)
        Select(el).select_by_value(value)

send_email.py放置邮件发送代码

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import configparser
import os

def sendEmail(file_path):
    path=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("."))
    cfpath=os.path.join(path,'autoparker\config\conf.ini')
    conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
    conf.read(cfpath)
    smtpserver = conf.get('emailqq','smtpserver')
    sender = conf.get('emailqq','sender')
    pwd = conf.get('emailqq','pwd')

    receiver=[]
    email_to=conf.get('emailqq','receiver')
    email_array=email_to.split(';')
    for i in range(len(email_array)):
        receiver.append(email_array[i])
    print(receiver)

    with open(file_path,'rb') as fp:
        mail_boby=fp.read()
    msg=MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From']=sender
    msg['To']=",".join(receiver)
    msg['Subject']='我曾把完整的镜子打碎'
    body=MIMEText(mail_boby,'html','utf-8')
    msg.attach(body)
    att=MIMEText(mail_boby,'html','utf-8')
    att['Content-Type']='application/octet-stream'
    att['Content-Disposition']='attachment;filename="test_reuslt.html"'
    msg.attach(att)
    try:
        smtp=smtplib.SMTP()
        smtp.connect(smtpserver)
        smtp.login(sender,pwd)
    except:
        smtp=smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver,465)
        smtp.login(sender,pwd)
    smtp.sendmail(sender,receiver,msg.as_string())
    smtp.quit()

sendEmail('D:\\report.html')

最后main.py文件放置的就是运行代码（执行这个文件进行测试就可以）

import HTMLTestRunner
import unittest
from test_case.login import loginTest
from public.send_email import sendEmail

if __name__=='__main__':
    testunit=unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(loginTest)
    suite=unittest.TestSuite(testunit)
    file_path="D:\\html_report.html"
    fp=open(file_path,'wb')
    runner=HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title='登录测试',description='测试执行结果')
    runner.run(suite)
    fp.close()
    sendEmail(file_path)

今天就先到这里，一个入门级的自动化测试框架，由于是非专业开发自学，拿出来给大家分享，编程代码可能有点不规范，命名也很随意。大家先将就着看吧！回头慢慢完善。
还要多向大佬们学习。
备注：有想一起自学的朋友可以看配置文件代码，一起交流。三人行必有我师焉