以太坊离线签名交易接口sendRawTransaction()的用法

以普通转账为例，在以太坊控制台下离线签名交易的实现过程分以下步骤：

（1）使用接口unlockAccount()解锁本地钱包

> personal.unlockAccount("0xe4697cBB8955526C703A4441f219cf0A04447a9B", "123", 0)
true

（2）使用接口getTransactionCount()获取nonce的数值

> eth.getTransactionCount("0xe4697cBB8955526C703A4441f219cf0A04447a9B")
0

说明：
为防止双花，每笔交易中都有一个随机数nonce。对于同一个账户，这个nonce是一个连续递增的整数，每发送1笔交易，nonce值加1。一个以太坊的账号，它发起的第1笔交易的nonce值是0，第2笔交易的nonce值是1，如此类推。使用接口getTransactionCount()获取指定账号发起过的交易笔数，可作为下一笔交易的nonce值

**

(3) 使用接口signTransaction()对交易数据进行离线签名

**

> eth.signTransaction({
......   nonce: 0,
......   gasPrice: '0x100000000',
......   gas: '1000000',
......   from:"0xe4697cBB8955526C703A4441f219cf0A04447a9B",
......   to:"0x815261DC4186502eC0D8CCFEf163785e1617b5A8",
......   value: '0x1'
...... })
{
  raw: "0xf8a980850100000000830f424094815261dc4186502ec0d8ccfef163785e1617b5a801808201dfa04ea1b2f2b4c02a2edbf1f2d483a9d2bd829fba1e88e3d615f6aa4210a2593622a05c32b412d78c5acdd97dbb7b0cac8d5e8613cc749cf236e309ad9a25a004a385a07b185c31906d2e9b2e2059d215fd4a2150feadae92ffde081566001352b94217a06fccf184dce61466f94f1c2dc244b1fa053f16a7079a0de78aa0dde35afe9aa7",
  tx: {
    gas: "0xf4240",
    gasPrice: "0x100000000",
    hash: "0x6c6ec0e55cc57af35ab90e4b9b7677d089e241db8b400dec87ff347d22558ace",
    input: "0x",
    nonce: "0x0",
    r: "0x4ea1b2f2b4c02a2edbf1f2d483a9d2bd829fba1e88e3d615f6aa4210a2593622",
    s: "0x5c32b412d78c5acdd97dbb7b0cac8d5e8613cc749cf236e309ad9a25a004a385",
    to: "0x815261dc4186502ec0d8ccfef163785e1617b5a8",
    v: "0x1df",
    value: "0x1"
  }
}

说明：
nonce：交易
gasPrice：gas价格
gas：该笔交易的gas limit
from：转账发送账号，
to：转账接收账号，
value：转账金额，0x1表示0.000000000000000001个以太坊

(4)使用接口sendRawTransaction()对发送已经签名的交易数据

>eth.sendRawTransaction("0xf8a980850100000000830f424094815261dc4186502ec0d8ccfef163785e1617b5a801808201dfa04ea1b2f2b4c02a2edbf1f2d483a9d2bd829fba1e88e3d615f6aa4210a2593622a05c32b412d78c5acdd97dbb7b0cac8d5e8613cc749cf236e309ad9a25a004a385a07b185c31906d2e9b2e2059d215fd4a2150feadae92ffde081566001352b94217a06fccf184dce61466f94f1c2dc244b1fa053f16a7079a0de78aa0dde35afe9aa7")
"0x6c6ec0e55cc57af35ab90e4b9b7677d089e241db8b400dec87ff347d22558ace"

说明：
sendRawTransaction()的参数，就是eth.signTransaction()的返回结果中的raw字段的内容，即已经签名的交易数据。
sendRawTransaction()返回交易的hash值

(5)使用接口getTransaction()获取交易成功后的交易详情

> eth.getTransaction("0x6c6ec0e55cc57af35ab90e4b9b7677d089e241db8b400dec87ff347d22558ace")
{
  blockHash: "0x668de63b825b627140c85949fbc9221fd9baaefb6ad123493020071d277297a1",
  blockNumber: 7857,
  from: "0xe4697cbb8955526c703a4441f219cf0a04447a9b",
  gas: 1000000,
  gasPrice: 4294967296,
  hash: "0x6c6ec0e55cc57af35ab90e4b9b7677d089e241db8b400dec87ff347d22558ace",
  input: "0x",
  nonce: 0,
  r: "0x4ea1b2f2b4c02a2edbf1f2d483a9d2bd829fba1e88e3d615f6aa4210a2593622",
  s: "0x5c32b412d78c5acdd97dbb7b0cac8d5e8613cc749cf236e309ad9a25a004a385",
  to: "0x815261dc4186502ec0d8ccfef163785e1617b5a8",
  transactionIndex: 0,
  v: "0x1df",
  value: 1,
}

(6)使用接口getTransactionReceipt()获取交易成功后的交易收据

>eth.getTransactionReceipt("0x6c6ec0e55cc57af35ab90e4b9b7677d089e241db8b400dec87ff347d22558ace")
{
  blockHash: "0x668de63b825b627140c85949fbc9221fd9baaefb6ad123493020071d277297a1",
  blockNumber: 7857,
  contractAddress: null,
  cumulativeGasUsed: 21000,
  from: "0xe4697cbb8955526c703a4441f219cf0a04447a9b",
  gasUsed: 21000,
  logs: [],
  logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  status: "0x1",
  to: "0x815261dc4186502ec0d8ccfef163785e1617b5a8",
  transactionHash: "0x6c6ec0e55cc57af35ab90e4b9b7677d089e241db8b400dec87ff347d22558ace",
  transactionIndex: 0
}

我的csdn：https://blog.csdn.net/powervip
我的腾讯微云网盘：https://share.weiyun.com/5qT0TvG
我的github： https://github.com/powervip
如果你觉得这篇文章写得还可以，请帮忙点个赞，谢谢！

你的鼓励，我的动力！