AM335x启动流程(BootRom->MLO->Uboot)

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-28458801-id-3486399.html


参考文件:

1,AM335x ARM Cortex-A8 Microprocessors (MPUs) Technical Reference Manual.pdf;

2,am3359.pdf;


1,am335x的cpu上电后,会跳到哪个地址去执行?

答:


芯片到uboot启动流程 :ROM → MLO(SPL)→ uboot.img

AM335x 中bootloader被分成了 3 个部分:

第一级 bootloader:引导加载程序,板子上电后会自动执行这些代码,如选择哪种方式启动(NAND,SDcard,UART。。。),然后跳转转到第二级 bootloader。这些代码应该是存放在 176KB 的 ROM 中。


第二级 bootloader:MLO(SPL),用以硬件初始化:关闭看门狗,关闭中断,设置 CPU 时钟频率、速度等操作。然后会跳转到第三级bootloader。MLO文件应该会被映射到 64 KB的 Internal SRAM 中。


第三级 bootloader:uboot.img,C代码的入口。


其中第一级 bootloader 是板子固化的,第二级和第三级是通过编译 uboot 所得的。



2,第二级 bootloader:MLO(SPL)做了哪些事情?

MLO(SPL)内存分布如下:

SPL内存重映射:


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< PATH : /arch/arm/cpu/armv7/omap-common/u-boot-spl .lds >
MEMORY { .sram : ORIGIN = CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE,\
         LENGTH = CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE }
MEMORY { .sdram : ORIGIN = CONFIG_SPL_BSS_START_ADDR, \
         LENGTH = CONFIG_SPL_BSS_MAX_SIZE }
 
OUTPUT_FORMAT( "elf32-littlearm" , "elf32-littlearm" , "elf32-littlearm" )
OUTPUT_ARCH(arm)
ENTRY(_start)
SECTIONS
{
     .text      :
     {
     __start = .;
       arch /arm/cpu/armv7/start .o    (.text)
       *(.text*)
     } >.sram
 
     . = ALIGN(4);
     .rodata : { *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(.rodata*)) } >.sram
 
     . = ALIGN(4);
     .data : { *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(.data*)) } >.sram
     . = ALIGN(4);
     __image_copy_end = .;
     _end = .;
 
     .bss :
     {
         . = ALIGN(4);
         __bss_start = .;
         *(.bss*)
         . = ALIGN(4);
         __bss_end__ = .;
     } >.sdram
}



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#define CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE        0x402F0400
#define CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE     (46 * 1024)
#define CONFIG_SPL_STACK        LOW_LEVEL_SRAM_STACK
 
#define CONFIG_SPL_BSS_START_ADDR   0x80000000
#define CONFIG_SPL_BSS_MAX_SIZE     0x80000     /* 512 KB */


    @1@ 保存启动参数 bl    save_boot_params


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/arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start .S>
/*
  * the actual reset code
  */
 
reset:
     bl  save_boot_params

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/arch/arm/cpu/armv7/omap-common/lowlevel_init .S>
.global save_boot_params
save_boot_params:
     /*
      * See if the rom code passed pointer is valid:
      * It is not valid if it is not in non-secure SRAM
      * This may happen if you are booting with the help of
      * debugger
      */
     ldr     r2, =NON_SECURE_SRAM_START
     cmp r2, r0
     bgt 1f
     ldr r2, =NON_SECURE_SRAM_END
     cmp r2, r0
     blt 1f
 
     /*
      * store the boot params passed from rom code or saved
      * and passed by SPL
      */
     cmp r0, #0
     beq 1f
     ldr r1, =boot_params
     str r0, [r1]
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/*《PATH: /arch/arm/include/asm/arch-ti81xx/omap.h》
  * Non-secure SRAM Addresses
  * Non-secure RAM starts at 0x40300000 for GP devices. But we keep SRAM_BASE
  * at 0x40304000(EMU base) so that our code works for both EMU and GP
  */
#define NON_SECURE_SRAM_START   0x40304000
#define NON_SECURE_SRAM_END 0x4030E000
#define LOW_LEVEL_SRAM_STACK    0x4030B7FC


问题:这些参数是保存在哪里的?大概有哪些参数?

答:

这些参数保存的内存地址为 64 KB 的 OCM RAM 中:

注:Dowloaded Image 区域:是用来保存 MLO(SPL) 文件的,其最大可达到 109 KB



    @a2@ 设置 CPU 为 SVC32 模式

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     /arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start .S>       
         /*
      * set the cpu to SVC32 mode
      */
     mrs r0, cpsr
     bic r0, r0, #0x1f
     orr r0, r0, #0xd3
     msr cpsr,r0


   CPSR:程序状态寄存器(current program status register)(当前程序状态寄存器),在任何处理器模式下被访问。它包含了条件标志位、中断禁止位、当前处理器模式标志以及其他的一些控制和状态位。
CPSR在用户级编程时用于存储条件码。

  SPSR:程序状态保存寄存器(saved program statusregister),每一种处理器模式下都有一个状态寄存器SPSR,SPSR用于保存CPSR的状态,以便异常返回后恢复异常发生时的工作状态。当特定的异常中断发生时,这个寄存器用于存放当前程序状态寄存器的内容。在异常中断退出时,可以用SPSR来恢复CPSR。由于用户模式和系统模式不是异常中断模式,所以他没有SPSR。当用户在用户模式或系统模式访问SPSR,将产生不可预知的后果。

CPSR格式如下所示。SPSR和CPSR格式相同。
31 30 29 28 27 26 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
N Z C V Q DNM(RAZ) I F T M4 M3 M2 M1 M0



详解:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-28458801-id-3487199.html


    @a3@ CPU的初始化

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《PATH : /arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.S》
     /* the mask ROM code should have PLL and others stable */
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
     bl  cpu_init_crit
#endif


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/arch/arm/cpu/armv7/omap-common/lowlevel_init .S>
.globl lowlevel_init
lowlevel_init:
     /*
      * Setup a temporary stack
      */
     ldr sp, =LOW_LEVEL_SRAM_STACK
 
     /*
      * Save the old lr(passed in ip) and the current lr to stack
      */
     push    {ip, lr}
 
     /*
      * go setup pll, mux, memory
      */
     bl  s_init
     pop {ip, pc}


问题:CPU的初始化有哪些内容?

答:

            @b1@ 首先要设置堆栈区,因为将会调用 C函数来实现CPU的初始化

问题:这个堆栈在什么位置,其内存大小是多少?

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《PATH :/arch/arm/ include /asm/arch-ti81xx/omap.h》
#define LOW_LEVEL_SRAM_STACK    0x4030B7FC




            @b2@ 执行 s_init() 函数,实现 CPU 的初始化


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/*
  * early system init of muxing and clocks.
  */
void s_init( void )
{
     /* Can be removed as A8 comes up with L2 enabled */
     l2_cache_enable();
 
     /* WDT1 is already running when the bootloader gets control
      * Disable it to avoid "random" resets
      */
     __raw_writel( 0xAAAA , WDT_WSPR);
     while (__raw_readl(WDT_WWPS) != 0x0 );
     __raw_writel( 0x5555 , WDT_WSPR);
     while (__raw_readl(WDT_WWPS) != 0x0 );
 
#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
     /* Setup the PLLs and the clocks for the peripherals */
     pll_init();
 
     /* Enable RTC32K clock */
     rtc32k_enable();
 
     /* UART softreset */
     u32 regVal;
     u32 uart_base = DEFAULT_UART_BASE;
 
     enable_uart0_pin_mux();
     /* IA Motor Control Board has default console on UART3*/
     /* XXX: This is before we've probed / set board_id */
     if (board_id == IA_BOARD) {
         uart_base = UART3_BASE;
     }
 
     regVal = __raw_readl(uart_base + UART_SYSCFG_OFFSET);
     regVal |= UART_RESET;
     __raw_writel(regVal, (uart_base + UART_SYSCFG_OFFSET) );
     while ((__raw_readl(uart_base + UART_SYSSTS_OFFSET) &
             UART_CLK_RUNNING_MASK) != UART_CLK_RUNNING_MASK);
 
     /* Disable smart idle */
     regVal = __raw_readl((uart_base + UART_SYSCFG_OFFSET));
     regVal |= UART_SMART_IDLE_EN;
     __raw_writel(regVal, (uart_base + UART_SYSCFG_OFFSET));
 
     /* Initialize the Timer */
     init_timer();
 
     preloader_console_init();
 
     printf( "\nlocation /board/ti/am335x\n" );        //@@
/*@@*/
//  led();
/*@@*/
     
     config_am335x_ddr();
 
#endif
}

                    @c1@ 使能第二级缓冲区


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     /* Can be removed as A8 comes up with L2 enabled */
     l2_cache_enable();
 
l2_cache_enable:
     push    {r0, r1, r2, lr}
     mrc 15, 0, r3, cr1, cr0, 1
     orr r3, r3, #2
     mcr 15, 0, r3, cr1, cr0, 1
     pop {r1, r2, r3, pc}


                    @c2@ 关闭看门狗(WDT)


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/* WDT1 is already running when the bootloader gets control
  * Disable it to avoid "random" resets
  */
__raw_writel(0xAAAA, WDT_WSPR);
while (__raw_readl(WDT_WWPS) != 0x0);
__raw_writel(0x5555, WDT_WSPR);
while (__raw_readl(WDT_WWPS) != 0x0);



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include /asm/arch-ti81xx/cpu.h>
#define WDT_WSPR    (WDT_BASE + 0x048 )
 
 
include /asm/arch-ti81xx/hardware.h>
/* Watchdog Timer */
#ifdef CONFIG_AM335X
#define WDT_BASE            0x44E35000
# else
#define WDT_BASE            0x480C2000
#endif



                    @c3@ 给外设设置好 PLL 和 时钟频率等


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     /* Setup the PLLs and the clocks for the peripherals */
     pll_init();
 
 
/*
  * Configure the PLL/PRCM for necessary peripherals
  */
void pll_init()
{
     mpu_pll_config(MPUPLL_M_500);
     core_pll_config();
     per_pll_config();
     ddr_pll_config();
     /* Enable the required interconnect clocks */
     interface_clocks_enable();
     /* Enable power domain transition */
     power_domain_transition_enable();
     /* Enable the required peripherals */
     per_clocks_enable();
}



                    @c4@ 使能 32-KHz 频率的实时时钟


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     /* Enable RTC32K clock */
     rtc32k_enable();
 
 
《PATH : /board/ti/am335x/evm.c》
static void rtc32k_enable( void )
{
     /* Unlock the rtc's registers */
     __raw_writel( 0x83e70b13 , (AM335X_RTC_BASE + RTC_KICK0_REG));
     __raw_writel( 0x95a4f1e0 , (AM335X_RTC_BASE + RTC_KICK1_REG));
 
     /* Enable the RTC 32K OSC */
     __raw_writel( 0x48 , (AM335X_RTC_BASE + RTC_OSC_REG));
}
 
include /asm/arch-ti81xx/hardware.h>
/* RTC base address */
#define AM335X_RTC_BASE             0x44E3E000
 
#define RTC_KICK0_REG         0x6c
#define RTC_KICK1_REG         0x70
#define RTC_OSC_REG         0x54


                    @c5@ 使能UART0


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     /* UART softreset */
     u32 regVal;
     u32 uart_base = DEFAULT_UART_BASE;
 
     enable_uart0_pin_mux();
     /* IA Motor Control Board has default console on UART3*/
     /* XXX: This is before we've probed / set board_id */
     if (board_id == IA_BOARD) {
         uart_base = UART3_BASE;
     }
 
     regVal = __raw_readl(uart_base + UART_SYSCFG_OFFSET);
     regVal |= UART_RESET;
     __raw_writel(regVal, (uart_base + UART_SYSCFG_OFFSET) );
     while ((__raw_readl(uart_base + UART_SYSSTS_OFFSET) &
             UART_CLK_RUNNING_MASK) != UART_CLK_RUNNING_MASK);
 
     /* Disable smart idle */
     regVal = __raw_readl((uart_base + UART_SYSCFG_OFFSET));
     regVal |= UART_SMART_IDLE_EN;
     __raw_writel(regVal, (uart_base + UART_SYSCFG_OFFSET));
 
 
#ifdef CONFIG_AM335X
#define DEFAULT_UART_BASE       UART0_BASE
#endif
 
#ifdef CONFIG_AM335X
#define UART0_BASE          0x44E09000
#else
#define UART0_BASE          0x48020000
#endif


                    @c6@ 初始化 定时器


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     /* Initialize the Timer */
     init_timer();
 
 
static void init_timer( void )
{
     /* Reset the Timer */
     __raw_writel( 0x2 , (DM_TIMER2_BASE + TSICR_REG));
 
     /* Wait until the reset is done */
     while (__raw_readl(DM_TIMER2_BASE + TIOCP_CFG_REG) & 1 );
 
     /* Start the Timer */
     __raw_writel( 0x1 , (DM_TIMER2_BASE + TCLR_REG));
}
 
include /asm/arch-ti81xx/hardware.h>
/* DM Timer base addresses */
#define DM_TIMER0_BASE          0x4802C000
#define DM_TIMER1_BASE          0x4802E000
#define DM_TIMER2_BASE          0x48040000
#define DM_TIMER3_BASE          0x48042000
#define DM_TIMER4_BASE          0x48044000
#define DM_TIMER5_BASE          0x48046000
#define DM_TIMER6_BASE          0x48048000
#define DM_TIMER7_BASE          0x4804A000


                    @c7@ 初始化控制台,通过UART可以查看相关信息


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     preloader_console_init();
 
《PATH : /arch/arm/cpu/armv7/omap-common/spl.c》
/* This requires UART clocks to be enabled */
void preloader_console_init( void )
{
     const char *u_boot_rev = U_BOOT_VERSION;
     char rev_string_buffer[50];
 
     gd = &gdata;
     gd->bd = &bdata;
     gd->flags |= GD_FLG_RELOC;
     gd->baudrate = CONFIG_BAUDRATE;
 
     serial_init();      /* serial communications setup */
 
     /* Avoid a second "U-Boot" coming from this string */
     u_boot_rev = &u_boot_rev[7];
 
     printf ( "\nU-Boot SPL %s (%s - %s)\n" , u_boot_rev, U_BOOT_DATE,
         U_BOOT_TIME);
     omap_rev_string(rev_string_buffer);
     printf ( "Texas Instruments %s\n" , rev_string_buffer);
} "font-size:14px;color:#003399;" >


                    @c8@ 配置 DDR


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     config_am335x_ddr();
 
《PATH :》
/*  void DDR2_EMIF_Config(void); */
static void config_am335x_ddr( void )
{
     int data_macro_0 = 0;
     int data_macro_1 = 1;
 
     enable_ddr_clocks();
 
     config_vtp();
 
     Cmd_Macro_Config();
 
     Data_Macro_Config(data_macro_0);
     Data_Macro_Config(data_macro_1);
 
     __raw_writel(PHY_RANK0_DELAY, DATA0_RANK0_DELAYS_0);
     __raw_writel(PHY_RANK0_DELAY, DATA1_RANK0_DELAYS_0);
 
     __raw_writel(DDR_IOCTRL_VALUE, DDR_CMD0_IOCTRL);
     __raw_writel(DDR_IOCTRL_VALUE, DDR_CMD1_IOCTRL);
     __raw_writel(DDR_IOCTRL_VALUE, DDR_CMD2_IOCTRL);
     __raw_writel(DDR_IOCTRL_VALUE, DDR_DATA0_IOCTRL);
     __raw_writel(DDR_IOCTRL_VALUE, DDR_DATA1_IOCTRL);
 
     __raw_writel(__raw_readl(DDR_IO_CTRL) & 0xefffffff, DDR_IO_CTRL);
     __raw_writel(__raw_readl(DDR_CKE_CTRL) | 0x00000001, DDR_CKE_CTRL);
 
     config_emif_ddr2();
}
 
 
《PATH : /arm/include/asm/arch-ti81xx/cpu.h》
#define DATA0_RANK0_DELAYS_0        (DDR_PHY_BASE_ADDR + 0x134)
#define DATA1_RANK0_DELAYS_0        (DDR_PHY_BASE_ADDR + 0x1D8)
 
/* DDR offsets */
#define DDR_PHY_BASE_ADDR       0x44E12000
#define DDR_IO_CTRL         0x44E10E04
#define DDR_CKE_CTRL            0x44E1131C
#define CONTROL_BASE_ADDR       0x44E10000


                    @c DONE@

            @b DONE@

    @a4@ 设置 internal RAM 内存空间的栈指针,调用 board_init_f()函数


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/* Set stackpointer in internal RAM to call board_init_f */
call_board_init_f:
     ldr sp, =(CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR)
     bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
     ldr r0,=0x00000000
     bl  board_init_f



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#define CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR     (CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR + \
                      CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_SIZE - \
                      GENERATED_GBL_DATA_SIZE)
 
#define CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR    SRAM0_START
#define CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_SIZE    SRAM0_SIZE
 
#ifdef CONFIG_AM335X
#define SRAM0_START         0x402F0400
#else
#define SRAM0_START         0x40300000
#endif
 
#if defined(CONFIG_AM335X) || defined(CONFIG_TI814X)
#define SRAM0_SIZE          (0x1B400) /* 109 KB */
#define SRAM_GPMC_STACK_SIZE        (0x40)
#endif
 
#define GENERATED_GBL_DATA_SIZE (128) /* (sizeof(struct global_data) + 15) & ~15 */



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void board_init_f(ulong dummy)
{
     /*
      * We call relocate_code() with relocation target same as the
      * CONFIG_SYS_SPL_TEXT_BASE. This will result in relocation getting
      * skipped. Instead, only .bss initialization will happen. That's
      * all we need
      */
     debug( ">>board_init_f()\n" );
     relocate_code(CONFIG_SPL_STACK, &gdata, CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE);
}
 
#define CONFIG_SPL_TEXT_BASE        0x402F0400
#define CONFIG_SPL_MAX_SIZE     (46 * 1024)
#define CONFIG_SPL_STACK        LOW_LEVEL_SRAM_STACK
 
#define LOW_LEVEL_SRAM_STACK    0x4030B7FC




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/arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start .S>
/*
  * void relocate_code (addr_sp, gd, addr_moni)
  *
  * This "function" does not return , instead it continues in RAM
  * after relocating the monitor code.
  *
  */
     .globl  relocate_code
relocate_code:
     mov r4, r0  /* save addr_sp */
     mov r5, r1  /* save addr of gd */
     mov r6, r2  /* save addr of destination 0x402F0400*/


    @a5@ 代码重定位

代码重定向,它首先检测自己(MLO)是否已经在内存中:

如果是直接跳到下面的堆栈初始化代码 clear_bss

如果不是就将自己从Nor Flash中拷贝到内存中。


Nor Flash 和Nand Flash 本质区别就在于是否进行代码拷贝,也就是下面代码所表述:无论
是Nor Flash 还是Nand Flash,核心思想就是将 uboot 代码搬运到内存中去运行,但是没有拷
贝bss 后面这段代码,只拷贝bss 前面的代码,bss 代码是放置全局变量的。Bss 段代码是为
了清零,拷贝过去再清零重复操作。


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     /* Set up the stack                         */
stack_setup:
     mov sp, r4
 
     adr r0, _start
     cmp r0, r6
     moveq   r9, #0      /* no relocation. relocation offset(r9) = 0 */
     beq clear_bss       /* skip relocation */
     mov r1, r6          /* r1 <- scratch for copy_loop */
     ldr r3, _image_copy_end_ofs
     add r2, r0, r3      /* r2 <- source end address      */
 
copy_loop:                              /* 自拷贝 */
     ldmia   r0!, {r9-r10}       /* copy from source address [r0]    */
     stmia   r1!, {r9-r10}       /* copy to   target address [r1]    */
     cmp r0, r2          /* until source end address [r2]    */
     blo copy_loop

    @a6@ 清空 bss 段


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clear_bss:
 
     ldr r0, _bss_start_ofs
     ldr r1, _bss_end_ofs
     mov r4, r6          /* reloc addr */
     add r0, r0, r4
     add r1, r1, r4
 
     mov r2, #0x00000000     /* clear                */
 
clbss_l:str r2, [r0]        /* clear loop...            */
     add r0, r0, #4
     cmp r0, r1
     bne clbss_l
 
/*
  * These are defined in the board-specific linker script.
  */
.globl _bss_start_ofs
_bss_start_ofs:
     .word __bss_start - _start          /* __bss_start = 0x80000000 */


    @a7@ 调用函数 board_init_r,用以完成 MLO(SPI)阶段的所有初始化,并跳转到 uboot.img 阶段


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/*
  * We are done . Do not return , instead branch to second part of board
  * initialization, now running from RAM.
  */
jump_2_ram:
/*
  * If I-cache is enabled invalidate it
  */
#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_ICACHE_OFF
     mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c5, 0   @ invalidate icache
     mcr     p15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4  @ DSB
     mcr     p15, 0, r0, c7, c5, 4   @ ISB
#endif
     ldr r0, _board_init_r_ofs
     adr r1, _start
     add lr, r0, r1
     add lr, lr, r9
     /* setup parameters for board_init_r */
     mov r0, r5      /* gd_t */
     mov r1, r6      /* dest_addr */
     /* jump to it ... */
     mov pc, lr
 
_board_init_r_ofs:
     .word board_init_r - _start




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《PATH : /arch/arm/cpu/armv7/omap-common/spl.c 》
void board_init_r(gd_t *id, ulong dummy)
{
     u32 boot_device;
     debug( ">>spl:board_init_r()\n" );
 
     timer_init();
     i2c_init(CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SPEED, CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SLAVE);
 
#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_BOARD_INIT
     spl_board_init();
#endif
 
     boot_device = omap_boot_device();
     debug( "boot device - %d\n" , boot_device);
     switch (boot_device) {
#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_MMC_SUPPORT
     case BOOT_DEVICE_MMC1:
     case BOOT_DEVICE_MMC2:
         spl_mmc_load_image();
         break ;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_NAND_SUPPORT
     case BOOT_DEVICE_NAND:
         spl_nand_load_image();
         break ;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SPL_YMODEM_SUPPORT
     case BOOT_DEVICE_UART:
         spl_ymodem_load_image();
         break ;
#endif
     default :
         printf ( "SPL: Un-supported Boot Device - %d!!!\n" , boot_device);
         hang();
         break ;
     }
 
     switch (spl_image.os) {
     case IH_OS_U_BOOT:
         debug( "Jumping to U-Boot\n" );
         jump_to_image_no_args();
         break ;
     default :
         puts ( "Unsupported OS image.. Jumping nevertheless..\n" );
         jump_to_image_no_args();
     }
}


    @a DONE@


3,第三级 bootloader:uboot.img 做了哪些事情?

uboot.img 内存分布如下:

访问 /arch/arm/lib/board.c 中 的 board_init_f() 函数


在 uboot.img 运行过程中,有两个非常重要的结构体:gd_t 和 bd_t 。

其中 gd_t :global_data 数据结构的定义,位于:/arch/arm/include/asm/global_data.h 中。

                 其成员主要是一些全局的系统初始化参数。

其中 bd_t :bd_info 数据结构的定义,位于:/arch/arm/include/asm/u-boot.h 中。

                 其成员是开发板的相关参数。



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/*
  * The following data structure is placed in some memory which is
  * available very early after boot (like DPRAM on MPC8xx/MPC82xx, or
  * some locked parts of the data cache) to allow for a minimum set of
  * global variables during system initialization (until we have set
  * up the memory controller so that we can use RAM).
  *
  * Keep it *SMALL* and remember to set GENERATED_GBL_DATA_SIZE > sizeof(gd_t)
  */
 
typedef struct  global_data {
     bd_t        *bd;
     unsigned long   flags;
     unsigned long   baudrate;
     unsigned long   have_console;   /* serial_init() was called */
     unsigned long   env_addr;   /* Address  of Environment struct */
     unsigned long   env_valid;  /* Checksum of Environment valid? */
     unsigned long   fb_base;    /* base address of frame buffer */
#ifdef CONFIG_FSL_ESDHC
     unsigned long   sdhc_clk;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_AT91FAMILY
     /* "static data" needed by at91's clock.c */
     unsigned long   cpu_clk_rate_hz;
     unsigned long   main_clk_rate_hz;
     unsigned long   mck_rate_hz;
     unsigned long   plla_rate_hz;
     unsigned long   pllb_rate_hz;
     unsigned long   at91_pllb_usb_init;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM
     /* "static data" needed by most of timer.c on ARM platforms */
     unsigned long   timer_rate_hz;
     unsigned long   tbl;
     unsigned long   tbu;
     unsigned long long  timer_reset_value;
     unsigned long   lastinc;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_IXP425
     unsigned long   timestamp;
#endif
     unsigned long   relocaddr;  /* Start address of U-Boot in RAM */
     phys_size_t ram_size;   /* RAM size */
     unsigned long   mon_len;    /* monitor len */
     unsigned long   irq_sp;     /* irq stack pointer */
     unsigned long   start_addr_sp;  /* start_addr_stackpointer */
     unsigned long   reloc_off;
#if !(defined(CONFIG_SYS_ICACHE_OFF) && defined(CONFIG_SYS_DCACHE_OFF))
     unsigned long   tlb_addr;
#endif
     void        **jt;       /* jump table */
     char        env_buf[32];    /* buffer for getenv() before reloc. */
} gd_t;
 
#define DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR     register volatile gd_t *gd asm ("r8")
 
 
typedef struct bd_info {
     int         bi_baudrate;    /* serial console baudrate */
     unsigned long   bi_ip_addr; /* IP Address */
     ulong           bi_arch_number; /* unique id for this board */
     ulong           bi_boot_params; /* where this board expects params */
     struct              /* RAM configuration */
     {
     ulong start;
     ulong size;
     }           bi_dram[CONFIG_NR_DRAM_BANKS];
} bd_t;
其中 DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR 宏定义在系统初始化过程中会被频繁调用,


的作用是,声明gd这么一个全局的指针,这个指针指向gd_t结构体类型,并且这个gd指针是保存在ARM的r8这个寄存器里面的。


uboot.img 第一个运行的文件还是 start.o,其在运行访问的 board_init_f() 函数定义在 /arch/arm/lib/board.c 中:


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void board_init_f(ulong bootflag)
{
     bd_t *bd;
     init_fnc_t **init_fnc_ptr;
     gd_t *id;
     ulong addr, addr_sp;
 
     /* Pointer is writable since we allocated a register for it */
     gd = (gd_t *) ((CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR) & ~0x07);
     /* compiler optimization barrier needed for GCC >= 3.4 */
     __asm__ __volatile__( "" : : : "memory" );
 
     memset (( void *)gd, 0, sizeof (gd_t));
 
         ...
}



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#define CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR    SRAM0_START
#define CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_SIZE    SRAM0_SIZE
#define CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR     (CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_ADDR + \
                      CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_SIZE - \
                      GENERATED_GBL_DATA_SIZE)
 
#define SRAM0_START         0x402F0400
 
#define SRAM0_SIZE          (0x1B400) /* 109 KB */
 
#define GENERATED_GBL_DATA_SIZE (128) /* (sizeof(struct global_data) + 15) & ~15 */


因此,系统初始化参数将会被保存在 (保存 MLO(SPL)文件的内存空间的)末尾 2 KB 处。

通过计算的 gb 指针指向的内存空间地址为 gb = 0x4030B000

gb_t 结构体中某些元素的值是来自于 uboot.img's header,这个header的数据保存在内存的0x807FFFCO,大小为 64字节


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/*
  * Legacy format image header,
  * all data in network byte order (aka natural aka bigendian).
  */
typedef struct image_header {
     uint32_t    ih_magic;   /* Image Header Magic Number    */
     uint32_t    ih_hcrc;    /* Image Header CRC Checksum    */
     uint32_t    ih_time;    /* Image Creation Timestamp */
     uint32_t    ih_size;    /* Image Data Size      */
     uint32_t    ih_load;    /* Data  Load  Address      */
     uint32_t    ih_ep;      /* Entry Point Address      */
     uint32_t    ih_dcrc;    /* Image Data CRC Checksum  */
     uint8_t     ih_os;      /* Operating System     */
     uint8_t     ih_arch;    /* CPU architecture     */
     uint8_t     ih_type;    /* Image Type           */
     uint8_t     ih_comp;    /* Compression Type     */
     uint8_t     ih_name[IH_NMLEN];  /* Image Name       */
} image_header_t;



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include /configs/am335x_evm.h>
/*
  * 8MB into the SDRAM to allow for SPL's bss at the beginning of SDRAM.
  * 64 bytes before this address should be set aside for u-boot.img's
  * header. That is 0x807FFFC0--0x80800000 should not be used for any
  * other needs.
  */
#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE        0x80800000



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