Linux Centos7.x下安装部署VNC的实操详述

VNC (Virtual Network Console)是虚拟网络控制台的缩写。它 是一款优秀的远程控制工具软件,由著名的AT&T的欧洲研究实验室开发的。VNC 是在基于 UNIX和 Linux 操作系统的免费的开源软件,远程控制能力强大,高效实用,其性能可以和Windows和 MAC 中的任何远程控制软件媲美。 在 Linux 中,VNC 包括以下四个命令:vncserver,vncviewer,vncpasswd,和 vncconnect。大多数情况下用户只需要其中的两个命令:vncserver 和 vncviewer。

一、Linux CentOS 7.X下安装部署VNC如下:

1、获取当前系统启动模式
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl get-default
multi-user.target
2、查看配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/inittab
# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.
#
# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
#
# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
#
# systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
#
# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3          //命令行模式
# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5          //图形界面模式
#
# To view current default target, run:
# systemctl get-default
#
# To set a default target, run:
# systemctl set-default TARGET.target

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target           //由命令行模式更改为图形界面模式
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target          //由图形界面模式更改为命令行模式
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl get-default
graphical.target

3、关闭防火墙
centos的防火墙是firewalld,关闭防火墙的命令
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux 
SELINUX=disabled
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

4、安装软件:
[root@localhost ~]# yum update
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" "X Window System" "Desktop" 
[root@localhost ~]# yum install tigervnc-server tigervnc vnc vnc-server

5、配置vnc连接
[root@localhost ~]# cp /lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service 
修改/etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
找到这一行
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l  -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/home//.vnc/%H%i.pid

这里直接用root 用户登录,所以我替换成
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid

如果是其他用户的话比如eason替换如下
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l eason -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/home/john/.vnc/%H%i.pid

由于直接root用户登录,所以配置如下:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
.........
[Unit]
Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

为VNC设密码(比如密码设置为123456)
[root@localhost ~]# vncpasswd
Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n             //注意表示"是否输入一个只能查看的密码,选择否",否则连接vnc会出现黑屏
A view-only password is not used

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf 
vnc_password = "123456"
vnc_listen = "0.0.0.0"

6、重加载 systemd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

7、启动vnc
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vncserver@:1.service

注意,此处关闭了防火墙
如果防火墙开了,需要开通一下规则:
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service vnc-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart firewalld.service
如果是iptable,则需要在/etc/sysconfig/iptables里添加:
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 5900:5903 -j ACCEPT

8、关闭vnc连接
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/bin/vncserver -kill :1

9、测试连接

也可以在本地windows机器上安装vnc viewer,远程访问
在windows下安装vnc客户端,
    
VNC远程连接信息(下面ip是VNC服务端的地址):
VNC Server: 112.112.113.56:5901
Encrytion:Let VNC Server choose
    
然后输入vncpasswd的密码即可完成VNC远程连接!

 如图:输入VNC密码即可登录。

 

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