大家经常用电脑或者网络设备上的traceroute，跟踪一个包从一个设备到另一个设备中间的路径，其实在PIX上还有一个命令可以跟踪一个数据包从一个接口到另一个接口
内部处理时经过的各个步骤，如acl,nat,***等
Packet-Tracer
New Reader Tip: Troubleshooting Access Problems Using Packet-Tracer
Troubleshooting access problems through a firewall is often very difficult, especially when speed to resolution is critical. Errors in long complex ACLs can be easily overlooked, and access failures caused by NAT , IDS, and routing make the problem even more difficult.
Cisco has released an incredible new feature in ASA software version 7.2(1) that virtually eliminates the guesswork. Packet-tracer allows a firewall administrator to inject a virtual packet into the security appliance and track the flow from ingress to egress. Along the way, the packet is evaluated against flow and route lookups, ACLs, protocol inspection, NAT, and IDS. The power of the utility comes from the ability to simulate real-world traffic by specifying source and destination addresses with protocol and port information.
Packet-tracer is available both from the CLI and in the ASDM. The ASDM version even includes animation (the value of which is questionable, but it is fun to watch),and the ability to navigate quickly to a failed policy.
Here is the CLI syntax:
packet-tracer input [src_int] protocol src_addr src_port dest_addr dest_port [detailed] [xml]
A few examples of truncated output show some of the most useful features. Not only does the tool show the result of an ACL evaluation, but also the specific
ACE that either permits or denies the packet, including a hit on the implicit deny.
asaTestlab# "packet-tracer input inside tcp 10.1.1.1 1024 10.4.1.1 23"
Phase: 3
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group inside in interface inside access-list inside extended permit ip any 10.4.1.0 255.255.255.0
Additional Information:
asaTestlab# "packet-tracer input inside tcp 10.1.1.1 1024 10.4.2.1 5282"
Phase: 3
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: DROP
Config:
access-group inside in interface inside access-list inside extended deny tcp any host 10.4.2.1 eq 5282
Additional Information:
Evaluations of other elements of the config are similarly specific. Here is an example with nat-control enabled but without proper address translation defined:
asaTestlab# "packet-tracer input DMZ tcp 10.2.1.1 1024 10.4.2.1 http"
Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype:
Result: DROP
Config:
nat (DMZ) 0 access-list NoNAT
nat-control
match ip DMZ any outside any
no translation group, implicit deny
policy_hits = 1
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
实例，在PIX515E，OS7.2上配置remote access ***，配置好了用*** client连接，正常，但怎么也ping不通防火墙内网的IP地址，
这时看cliet statistics的discard的包很多，sent bytes很多，received byte为0，decrypted 为0，可以判断是包过去了，但回不来，
但出在哪个地方呢，看配置文件一条一条看很烦的，也不容易查找问题，这时用packet-tracer 模拟一个包从外口进来到内口的数据包处理过程，
Pix1(config)# packet-tracer input outside tcp 172.16.70.200 1024 172.16.10 23
-----------------------模拟outside接口的地址172.16.70.200 telnet到inside接口的172.16.10
-----------------------数据包从outside口进来
Phase: 1
Type: FLOW-LOOKUP
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Found no matching flow, creating a new flow
-----------------------查找路由，OK
Phase: 2
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: input
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
in 172.16.100.0 255.255.255.0 inside
-----------------------检查outside的ACL，OK
Phase: 3
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group 102 in interface outside
access-list 102 extended permit ip any any
Additional Information:
Phase: 4
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Phase: 5
Type: CP-PUNT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
-----------------------应用ipsec 协议加密，OK，这时应该是数据包从inside到outside发送了
Phase: 6
Type: ×××
Subtype: ipsec-tunnel-flow
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
-----------------------返回的数据包本应该是ipsec 加密的，这时却被NAT检查，很明显nat 0忘了定义。
Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype: rpf-check
Result: DROP
Config:
nat (inside) 0 access-list ***l2l_list
nat (inside) 1 access-list 101
nat-control
match ip inside any outside any
dynamic translation to pool 1 (58.248.27.57)
translate_hits = 75970, untranslate_hits = 87806
Additional Information:
-----------------------最后的结果是drop
Result:
input-interface: outside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: inside
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (acl-drop) Flow is denied by configured rule