初学JDBC(四)-使用Preparedstatement接口实现增删改操作

      上一篇博客中我讲了使用Statement对数据库中的表内容进行增删改操作,先讲了原始的增删改即每次增加删除修改都需要加载数据库驱动,连接数据库,执行SQL语句,关闭数据库,这样的话,代码的重复量有些大,代码冗余比较明显,后来进行修改,运用了Java继承封装和多态的思想,对原来的增删改代码进行了优化,这一篇博客我来说说用PreparedStatement接口实现对数据库表内容的增删改操作,在现实的开发中也常用PreparedStatement接口而不是Statement接口进行增删改操作:使用PreparedStatement对于代码的可维护性和可读性提高了;使用PreparedStatement尽最大可能提高性能;最重要的一点是极大地提高了安全性。(PS今天上完课头有些晕晕乎乎,状态不是很好,可是闲来无事,就又来刷博客了,如有错误请原谅并指出来)。

      PreparedStatement是Statement接口的子接口,属于预处理操作,与直接使用Statement不同,PreparedStatement在操作时,是预先在数据表中准备好了一条SQL语句,但是此SQL语句的具体内容暂时不设置,而是之后在进行设置。

      PreparedStatement接口的技术原理:

      PreparedStatement实例包含已编译的SQL语句,SQL语句可能包含1个,2个或多个输入的值,这些值未被明确指定在SQL语句中用?作为占位符代替,之后执行SQL语句之前要用setXXX()方法对值进行写入。

      PreparedStatement对象比Statement对象的执行速度要快,因为PreparedStatement对象已经预编译过了,因此需要多次执行的SQL语句也可以用PreparedStatement对象进行执行来加快执行速度。

      作为Statement的子类,PreparedStatement接口继承了Statement的所有功能。另外它还整合一整套getXXX()和setXXX()方法,用于对值得获取和输入设置。同时,它还修改了三个方法execute、executeQuery、executeUpdate使它们不需要参数。这些方法的Statement形式,不应该再用于PreparedStatement对象。

      PreparedStatement中的方法摘要:

      1:executeQuery():在此PreparedStatement对象中执行SQL语句,并返回该查询生成的ResultSet对象。

      2:executeUpdate():在此PreparedStatement对象中执行SQL语句,该语句必须是一个SQL数据操作语言(Date Manipulation Language,DML)语句,比如insert、update、delete语句;或者是无返内容的SQL语句,比如DDL语句。

      3:execute():在此PreparedStatement对象中执行SQL语句,该语句可以是任何种类的SQL语句。

      4:getMetaData():获取包含有关ResultSet对象列信息的ResultSetMetaData对象,ResultSet对象将在此执行PreparedStatement对象时返回。

      5:getParameterMetaData():获取此PreparedStatement对象的参数的编号、类型和属性。

      6:setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x, int longth):将指定参数设置为给定输入流,该输入流将具有给定字节数。

      上面是一些常用额方法,如果想了解更多的方法请查阅JDK API文档,自行学习。

      例子:下面用PreparedStatement对t_employee表进行操作,直接运用Java的封装继承和多态思想进行实现,减少代码冗余。创建表:

      create table t_employee(

            id int primary key auto_increment,

            userName varchar(20),

            salary decimal(6,2),

            job varchar(20),

            jobTypeId int

      )

package com.panli.dbutil;
/**
 * 连接数据库
 */
import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class DbUtil {
	//数据库驱动名字
	private static String jdbcName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
	//数据库协议地址
	private static String dbUrl = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_user";
	//数据库用户名
	private static String dbUser = "root";
	//数据库密码
	private static String dbPassword = "123456";
	
	
	/**
	 * 获取连接
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static Connection getCon() throws Exception{
		Class.forName(jdbcName);
		Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, dbUser, dbPassword);
		return conn;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 关闭连接
	 * @param stmt
	 * @param conn
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void close(Statement stmt,Connection conn) throws Exception{
		if(stmt!=null){
			stmt.close();
			if(conn!=null){
				conn.close();
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 关闭连接
	 * @param cstmt
	 * @param conn
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void close(CallableStatement cstmt, Connection conn) throws Exception{
		if(cstmt!=null){
			cstmt.close();
			if(conn!=null){
				conn.close();
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 关闭连接
	 * @param pstmt
	 * @param conn
	 * @throws SQLException
	 */
	public static void close(PreparedStatement pstmt, Connection conn) throws SQLException{
		if(pstmt!=null){
			pstmt.close();
			if(conn!=null){
				conn.close();
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 重载关闭方法
	 * @param pstmt
	 * @param conn
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public void close(ResultSet rs,PreparedStatement pstmt, Connection conn) throws Exception{
		if(rs!=null){
			rs.close();
			if(pstmt!=null){
				pstmt.close();
				if(conn!=null){
					conn.close();
				}
				
			}
		}
		
	}
}
package com.panli.model;

import java.io.File;

/**
 * model包下的employee类,对每个字段进行建模
 * @author Peter
 *
 */
public class Employee {
	private int id;
	private String userName;
	private double salary;
	private String job;
	private int jobTypeId;
	private File context;
	private File pic;
	
	/**
	 * 带有6个参数的构造方法
	 * @param userName
	 * @param salary
	 * @param job
	 * @param jobTypeId
	 * @param context
	 * @param pic
	 */
	public Employee(String userName, double salary, String job, int jobTypeId,
			File context, File pic) {
		super();
		this.userName = userName;
		this.salary = salary;
		this.job = job;
		this.jobTypeId = jobTypeId;
		this.context = context;
		this.pic = pic;
	}

	/**
	 * 具有5个参数的构造方法
	 * @param userName
	 * @param salary
	 * @param job
	 * @param jobTypeId
	 * @param context
	 */
	public Employee(String userName, double salary, String job, int jobTypeId,
			File context) {
		super();
		this.userName = userName;
		this.salary = salary;
		this.job = job;
		this.jobTypeId = jobTypeId;
		this.context = context;
	}

	/**
	 * 默认的构造方法
	 */
	public Employee() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	
	/**
	 * 带一个参数的构造方法
	 * @param id
	 */
	public Employee(int id) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
	}

	/**
	 * 带4个参数的构造方法
	 * @param userName
	 * @param salary
	 * @param job
	 * @param jobTypeId
	 */
	public Employee(String userName, double salary, String job, int jobTypeId) {
		super();
		this.userName = userName;
		this.salary = salary;
		this.job = job;
		this.jobTypeId = jobTypeId;
	}

	/**
	 * 带参数的构造方法
	 * @param id
	 * @param userName
	 * @param salary
	 * @param job
	 * @param jobTypeId
	 */
	public Employee(int id, String userName, double salary, String job,
			int jobTypeId) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.userName = userName;
		this.salary = salary;
		this.job = job;
		this.jobTypeId = jobTypeId;
	}

	/**
	 * 重写toString()方法
	 */
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Employee:[id=" + id + ", userName=" + userName + ", salary="
				+ salary + ", job=" + job + ", jobTypeId=" + jobTypeId + "]";
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}
	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}
	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}
	public void setSalary(double salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}
	public String getJob() {
		return job;
	}
	public void setJob(String job) {
		this.job = job;
	}
	public int getJobTypeId() {
		return jobTypeId;
	}
	public void setJobTypeId(int jobTypeId) {
		this.jobTypeId = jobTypeId;
	}

	public File getContext() {
		return context;
	}

	public void setContext(File context) {
		this.context = context;
	}

	public File getPic() {
		return pic;
	}

	public void setPic(File pic) {
		this.pic = pic;
	}
	
}
package com.panli.dao;
/**
 * 对t_employee表进行增删改操作
 */
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import com.panli.dbutil.DbUtil1;
import com.panli.model.Employee;

public class EmployeeDao {
	private static DbUtil dbUtil = new DbUtil();
	
	/**
	 * 对employee表添加数据
	 * @param employee
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static int addData(Employee employee) throws Exception{
		Connection conn = dbUtil.getCon();
		String sql = "insert into t_employee values(null,?,?,?,?)";
		PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		pstmt.setString(1, employee.getUserName());
		pstmt.setDouble(2, employee.getSalary());
		pstmt.setString(3, employee.getJob());
		pstmt.setInt(4, employee.getJobTypeId());
		int result = pstmt.executeUpdate();
		dbUtil.close(pstmt, conn);
		return result;
	}
	/**
	 * 对数据库表内容进行修改
	 * @param employee
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception 
	 */
	public static int updateData(Employee employee) throws Exception{
		Connection conn = dbUtil.getCon();
		String sql = "update t_employee set userName=?,salary=?,job=?,jobTypeId=? where id = ?";
		PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		pstmt.setString(1, employee.getUserName());
		pstmt.setDouble(2, employee.getSalary());
		pstmt.setString(3, employee.getJob());
		pstmt.setInt(4, employee.getJobTypeId());
		pstmt.setInt(5, employee.getId());
		int result = pstmt.executeUpdate();
		dbUtil.close(pstmt, conn);
		return result;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 对数据表内容删除
	 * @param employee
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static int deleteData(Employee employee) throws Exception{
		Connection conn = dbUtil.getCon();
		String sql = "delete from t_employee where id=? ";
		PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
		pstmt.setInt(1, employee.getId());
		int result = pstmt.executeUpdate();
		dbUtil.close(pstmt, conn);
		return result;
	}
	
}
package com.panli.test;
/**
 * 对使用PreparedStatement操作数据库表内容的增删改操作的测试
 */
import com.panli.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.panli.model.Employee;

public class Test1 {
	private static EmployeeDao employeeDao = new EmployeeDao();
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		/**
		 * 对数据库表内容添加
		 */
		/*
		Employee employee = new Employee("川普", 100,"总统", 3);
		int result = employeeDao.addData(employee);
		if(result == 1){
			System.out.println("数据插入成功!");
		}else{
			System.out.println("数据插入失败!");
		}
		*/
		/**
		 * 对数据表内容修改
		 */
		/*
		Employee employee = new Employee(3,"科比",800,"创业",2);
		int result = employeeDao.updateData(employee);
		if(result == 1){
			System.out.println("数据修改成功!");
		}else{
			System.out.println("数据修改失败!");
		}
		*/
		
		Employee employee = new Employee(7);
		int result = employeeDao.deleteData(employee);
		if(result == 1){
			System.out.println("数据删除成功!");
		}else{
			System.out.println("数据删除失败!");
		}
	}
}



        

    

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