【跟我学ogg12.3.0.1】第二节【Oracle GoldenGate之Oracle篇】D Installing Trigger-Based DDL Capture

本附录包含安装对象的说明，这些对象支持Oracle GoldenGate DDL支持的基于触发器的方法。
要配置Oracle GoldenGate来捕获和复制DDL， see Configuring DDL Support.

Note:

DDL对序列(创建、修改、删除、重命名)的支持与复制序列值本身兼容，但不是必需的。要复制序列值，不需要安装Oracle GoldenGate DDL支持环境。您可以只在提取配置中使用序列参数。

Topics:

• When to Use Trigger-based DDL Capture
  This topic describes the configuration where you must use trigger-based DDL Extract.
• Overview of the Objects that Support Trigger-based DDL Capture
  This topic lists the requirements for installing Oracle GoldenGate trigger-based DDL environment.
• Installing the DDL Objects
  To install DDL objects, you need scripts to perform various tasks during the installation.

D.1 When to Use Trigger-based DDL Capture

This topic describes the configuration where you must use trigger-based DDL Extract.

You must use trigger-based DDL capture when Extract will operate in the following configurations:

• Extract operates in classic capture mode against any version of Oracle Database.

• Extract operates in integrated mode against an Oracle Database version 11.2.0.3 or earlier.

If Extract will run in integrated mode against a version 11.2.0.4 or later Oracle Database, the DDL trigger is not required. By default, DDL capture is handled transparently through the database logmining server.

If Extract will capture from a multitenant container database, integrated capture mode must be used with the native DDL capture method.

See Choosing Capture and Apply Modes for more information about capture modes.

See Configuring DDL Support for more information about configuring DDL support.

Parent topic: Installing Trigger-Based DDL Capture

D.2 Overview of the Objects that Support Trigger-based DDL Capture

This topic lists the requirements for installing Oracle GoldenGate trigger-based DDL environment.

To install the Oracle GoldenGate trigger-based DDL environment, you will be installing the database objects listed in the following table.

Object	Purpose	Default name
DDL marker table	Stores DDL information. This table only receives inserts.	GGS_MARKER
Sequence on marker table	Used for a column in the marker table.	GGS_DDL_SEQ
DDL history table	Stores object metadata history. This table receives inserts, updates, deletes.	GGS_DDL_HIST
Object ID history table	Contains object IDs of configured objects.	GGS_DDL_HIST_ALT
DDL trigger	Fires on DDL operations. Writes information about the operation to the marker and history tables. Installed with the trigger are some packages.	GGS_DDL_TRIGGER_BEFORE
DDL schema	Contains the DDL synchronization objects.	None; must be specified during installation and in the GLOBALS file.
User role	Establishes the role needed to execute DDL operations.	GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE
Internal setup table	Database table for internal use only.	GGS_SETUP
ddl_pin	Pins DDL tracing, the DDL package, and the DDL trigger for performance improvements.	ddl_pin
ddl_cleartrace.sql	Removes the DDL trace file.	ddl_cleartrace.sql
ddl_status.sql	Verifies that the Oracle GoldenGate DDL objects are installed	ddl_status.sql
marker_status.sql	Verifies that the marker table is installed.	marker_status.sql
ddl_tracelevel.sql	Sets the level for DDL tracing.	ddl_tracelevel.sql

Parent topic: Installing Trigger-Based DDL Capture

D.3 Installing the DDL Objects

To install DDL objects, you need scripts to perform various tasks during the installation.

These scripts are located in the installation directory of Oracle GoldenGate Microservices Architecture. The specific location is: oggma_install_home/lib/sql/legacy.

Follow these steps to install the database objects that support Oracle GoldenGate DDL capture.

Note:

When using Extract in classic mode to capture in an Active Data Guard environment, the DDL objects must be installed on the source database, not the standby.

1. Choose a schema that can contain the Oracle GoldenGate DDL objects. This schema cannot be case-sensitive.
2. Grant the following permission to the Oracle GoldenGate schema.

   GRANT EXECUTE ON utl_file TO schema;
   

3. Create a default tablespace for the Oracle GoldenGate DDL schema. This tablespace must be dedicated to the DDL schema; do not allow any other schema to share it.
4. Set AUTOEXTEND to ON for the DDL tablespace, and size it to accommodate the growth of the GGS_DDL_HIST and GGS_MARKERtables. The GGS_DDL_HIST table, in particular, will grow in proportion to overall DDL activity.
5. (Optional) To cause user DDL activity to fail when the DDL tablespace fills up, edit the params.sql script and set the ddl_fire_error_in_trigger parameter to TRUE. Extract cannot capture DDL if the tablespace fills up, so stopping the DDL gives you time to extend the tablespace size and prevent the loss of DDL capture. Managing tablespace sizing this way, however, requires frequent monitoring of the business applications and Extract to avoid business disruptions. As a best practice, make certain to size the tablespace appropriately in the first place, and set AUTOEXTEND to ON so that the tablespace does not fill up.

   WARNING:

   Make a backup of the params.sql script before you edit it to preserve its original state.

6. Create a GLOBALS file (or edit it, if one exists).

   EDIT PARAMS ./GLOBALS
   

   Note:

   EDIT PARAMS creates a simple text file. When you save the file after EDIT PARAMS, it is saved with the name GLOBALS in upper case, without a file extension, at the root of the Oracle GoldenGate directory. Do not alter the file name or location.

7. In the GLOBALS file, specify the name of the DDL schema by adding the following parameter to the GLOBALS file.

   GGSCHEMA schema_name
   

8. (Optional) To change the names of other objects listed in Table D-*, the changes must be made now, before proceeding with the rest of the installation. Otherwise, you will need to stop Oracle GoldenGate DDL processing and reinstall the DDL objects. It is recommended that you accept the default names of the database objects. To change any database object name (except the schema), do one or both of the following:

   • Record all name changes in the params.sql script. Edit this script and change the appropriate parameters. Do not run this script.

   • List the names shown in Table D-1 in the GLOBALS file. The correct parameters to use are listed in the Parameter column of the table.

     Table D-1 GLOBALS Parameters for Changing DDL Object Names

     Object	Parameter
     Marker table	MARKERTABLE new_table_nameFoot 1
     History table	DDLTABLE new_table_name

     Footnote 1

     Do not qualify the name of any of these tables. The schema name for these table must be either the one that is specified with GGSCHEMA or the schema of the current user, if GGSCHEMA is not specified in GLOBALS.

9. To enable trigger-based DDL replication to recognize Oracle invisible indexes as unique identifiers, set the following parameter to TRUE in the params.sql script:

   define allow_invisible_index_keys = 'TRUE' 
   

10. Save and close the GLOBALS file and the params.sql file.
11. Change directories to the Oracle GoldenGate installation directory.
12. Exit all Oracle sessions, including those of SQL*Plus, those of business applications, those of the Oracle GoldenGate processes, and those of any other software that uses Oracle. Prevent the start of any new sessions.
13. Run SQL*Plus and log in as a user that has SYSDBA privilege. This privilege is required to install the DDL trigger in the SYS schema, which is required by Oracle. All other DDL objects are installed in the schema that you created in 1.
14. Run the marker_setup.sql script. Supply the name of the Oracle GoldenGate schema when prompted, and then press Enter to execute the script. The script installs support for the Oracle GoldenGate DDL marker system.

    @marker_setup.sql
    

15. Run the ddl_setup.sql script. You are prompted to specify the name of the DDL schema that you configured in 1. (Note: ddl_setup.sql will fail if the tablespace for this schema is shared by any other users. It will not fail, however, if the default tablespace does not have AUTOEXTEND set to ON, the recommended setting.)

    @ddl_setup.sql
    

16. Run the role_setup.sql script. At the prompt, supply the DDL schema name. The script drops and creates the role that is needed for DDL synchronization, and it grants DML permissions on the Oracle GoldenGate DDL objects.

    @role_setup.sql
    

17. Grant the role that was created (default name is GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE) to all Oracle GoldenGate Extract users. You may need to make multiple grants if the processes have different user names.

    GRANT role TO user;
    

18. Run the ddl_enable.sql script to enable the DDL trigger.

    @ddl_enable.sql
    

To Install and Use the Optional Performance Tool

To improve the performance of the DDL trigger, make the ddl_pin script part of the database startup. It must be invoked with the Oracle GoldenGate DDL user name, as in:

@ddl_pin DDL_user

This script pins the PL/SQL package that is used by the trigger into memory. If executing this script from SQL*Plus, connect as SYSDBA from the Oracle GoldenGate installation directory. This script relies on the Oracle dmbs_shared_pool system package, so install that package before using ddl_pin.

Parent topic: Installing Trigger-Based DDL Capture