网络基础
TCP/IP
TCP
UDP
IP
端口
java网络开发
Socket套接字
网络应用的模式
C/S 客户端对服务器端
客户端都是根据需要制定的有特定的传输协议
可以为用户提供更准确的需要,更好的效果,
但是对于更新和维护来讲,需要影响用户所以维护和更新是弊端
B/S 浏览器对服务器端
通信协议一致的特殊C/S结构应用
服务端创建一个
ServerSocket 服务器端套接字
调用accept()方法来等待客户端来连接
是一个阻塞方法直到一个端口端连接否则该方法一直阻塞 若一个客户端连接了会返回该客户端的Socket
客户端
创建一个Socket 请求与服务端建立连接
Socket
服务端接收客户端的连接请求,同时创建一个新的Socket与客户端建立连接,服务端继续等待新的请求
ServerSocket
Socket
InetAddress
package se.day001; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; /** * Server * */ public class Server { private ServerSocket server; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ //实例化服务端实例 Server server = new Server(); //初始化ServerSocket 端口7890 server.server = new ServerSocket(7788); //监控7890,等待Client的连接,返回刚刚连接的Client的Socket,这个方法是一个阻塞方法 System.out.println("servers start waiting"); Socket socket = server.server.accept(); System.out.println("1 client coming"); InputStream in = socket.getInputStream(); //将字节输人流庄伟缓冲字符输入流,用于一次读取一行数据 // InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(in); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader); System.out.println(br.readLine()); } }
package se.day001; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; /** * * Client */ public class Client { private Socket socket; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ Client client = new Client(); //实例化一个Socket ,指定server ip&port client.socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",7788); //通过Socket创建输出流,用于向服务器端发送信息 OutputStream out = client.socket.getOutputStream(); PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(out,true); pw.println("hi,server I am client"); } }
最简单的聊天器
package Mon; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; import java.util.Scanner; public class Server { private ServerSocket server; public Server(int port) throws IOException{ try { System.out.println("初始化服务端"); server = new ServerSocket(port); System.out.println("初始化服务端完成"); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("server初始化端口失败"); e.printStackTrace(); throw e; } } //服务端开始工作的方法 public void start(){ try { System.out.println("等待客户端连接"); Socket socket = server.accept(); System.out.println("客户端已经连接"); PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),"utf-8"),true); pw.println("我的服务器"); Scanner sc =new Scanner(System.in); while(true){ pw.println(sc.nextLine()); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args){ try { Server server = new Server(33332); server.start(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("server start error"); e.printStackTrace(); } } }
package Mon; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; public class Client { private Socket socket; public Client() throws IOException{ try { //创建Socket 对象时 就会尝试根据给定的地址与端口连接服务器 所以该对象创建成功说明与服务端连接正常 System.out.println("初始化客户端"); socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",33332); System.out.println("初始化客户端成功"); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { System.out.println("端口异常"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("其他的连接异常"); e.printStackTrace(); throw e; } } public void start(){ try { InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(),"utf-8"); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr); String str = null; while((str= br.readLine())!=null){ System.out.println(str); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args){ Client client; try { client = new Client(); client.start(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("客户端初始化失败"); e.printStackTrace(); } } }
多客户端
package Mon; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class Server { private ServerSocket server; private ExecutorService ThreadPool; public Server(int port) throws IOException { try { System.out.println("初始化服务端"); server = new ServerSocket(port); ThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); System.out.println("初始化服务端完成"); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("server初始化端口失败"); e.printStackTrace(); throw e; } } // 服务端开始工作的方法 public void start() { try { while (true) { System.out.println("等待客户端连接"); Socket socket = server.accept(); Runnable handlerIn = new ClientHandlerIn(socket); Runnable handlerOut = new ClientHandlerOut(socket); ThreadPool.execute(handlerIn); ThreadPool.execute(handlerOut); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { try { Server server = new Server(33332); server.start(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("server start error"); e.printStackTrace(); } } class ClientHandlerIn implements Runnable { private Socket socket; public ClientHandlerIn(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; } @Override public void run() { try { PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8"), true); InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "utf-8"); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr); String str = null; while ((str = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(socket.getInetAddress().getHostName() + ":" + socket.getPort() + ":" + str); pw.println(str); } // linux 客户断开 // socket.close(); } catch (Exception e) { // 在windows 中客户端报错通常是因为客户端断开了连接 // e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (socket != null) { socket.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { // 不需要在处理了 } System.out.println("一个人下线了"); } } } class ClientHandlerOut implements Runnable { private Socket socket; public ClientHandlerOut(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; } @Override public void run() { try { PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8"), true); Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); while (true) { pw.println(sc.nextLine()); } } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { } } } } }
package Mon; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.util.Scanner; public class Client2 { private Socket socket; public Client2() throws IOException { try { // 创建Socket 对象时 就会尝试根据给定的地址与端口连接服务器 所以该对象创建成功说明与服务端连接正常 System.out.println("初始化客户端"); socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 33332); System.out.println("初始化客户端成功"); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { System.out.println("端口异常"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("其他的连接异常"); e.printStackTrace(); throw e; } } public void start() { Runnable outRunnable = new Out(socket); Runnable inRunnable = new In(socket); new Thread(outRunnable).start(); new Thread(inRunnable).start(); } public void close(Socket socket) throws IOException { try { if (socket != null) { socket.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { socket.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { Client2 client; try { client = new Client2(); client.start(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("客户端初始化失败"); e.printStackTrace(); } } class Out implements Runnable { private Socket socket; public Out(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; } @Override public void run() { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); PrintWriter pw; try { pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8"), true); while (true) { pw.println(sc.nextLine()); } } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } class In implements Runnable { private Socket socket; public In(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; } @Override public void run() { InputStreamReader isr; try { isr = new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "utf-8"); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr); String str = null; while ((str = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(str); } } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
UDP
DatagramPacket
UDP数据报基于IP建立的每台主机有65536个端口号可以使用,数据报中字节数限制为65536-8
构造接收包
DatagramPacket(byte[] buf , int length)
将数据包中length长的数据装进buf数组
DatagramPacket(byte[] buf,int offset,int length)
将数据包中从offset开始 length长的数据装进buf数组
构建发送包
DatagramPacket(byte[] buf,int length,InetAddress serverAddress,int serverPort)
从buf数组中,取出length长的数据创建数据包对象,目标是clienAddress地址,clientPort端口,通常用来发送数据给客户端
DatagramPacket(byte[] buf,int offset,int length,InetAddress serverAddress , int serverPort)
从buf数组中,取出offset开始的length长的数据创建数据包对象,目标是clientAddress地址 clientPort端口 通常用来发送数据给客户端
服务端:
DatagramSocket
用于接收和发送UDP的Socket实例
DatagramSocket(int port)
创建实例并固定监听port端口的报文,通常用于服务端
receive(DatagramPacket d)
接收数据报文到d中,receive方法产生 阻塞
客户端:
DatagramSocket
用于接收和发送UDP的Socket实例
无参的构造方法DatagramSocket()
通常用于客户端编程他并没有特定监听的端口,仅仅使用一个临时的 程序会让操作系统分配一个永科的端口
send(DatagramPacket dp)
该方法用于发送报文dp到目的地址
想服务端发送数据的步骤
创建好一Socket
准备数据
创建数据包
将数据存入包中
将数据包通过socket发送给服务端
接收包的步骤
创建一个Socket
创建一个合适大小的包
通过socket接收数据到包中
拆包取数据
package com.stevezong.mon2ice4udp; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.SocketException; public class Server { // 服务端启动方法 public void start() { try { int port = 8080; DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(port); byte[] buf = new byte[50]; DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(buf, 50); while(true){ socket.receive(receivePacket); String str = new String(receivePacket.getData(),"utf-8"); System.out.println(str); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { // 创建服务端 Server server = new Server(); // 启动服务端 server.start(); } }
package com.stevezong.mon2ice4udp; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetAddress; public class Client { public void start() { try { DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); String str = "我是客户端1"; byte[] buf = str.getBytes("utf-8"); int bufLength = buf.length; InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); int port = 8080; DatagramPacket sendPakcet = new DatagramPacket(buf, bufLength, address, port); socket.send(sendPakcet); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] arg) { Client client = new Client(); client.start(); } }