python selenium 右键另存为 爬坑指南 (包含windows和linux)

本文所有实现都基于selenium + 火狐浏览器,及geckodriver驱动 ,驱动下载地址https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases,找到对应系统的版本,注意驱动还需要和浏览器的版本配对,一般更新浏览器到最新,然后用最新的驱动。不然会报如下的错:

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unable to find a matching set of capabilities

意思就是浏览器版本与驱动不匹配。linux系统需要在软件中心更新Firefox,不建议自己从火狐官网下安装包。

目前右键另存为的方式很多都是如下

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
 
action = ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element)#移动到该元素
action.context_click(element)#右键点击该元素
action.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)#点击键盘向下箭头
action.send_keys('v')#键盘输入V保存图
action.perform()#执行保存


然而,并木有用,右键是实现了,但无法按出v以及保存。原因是selenium自带的send_keys是在选中某个元素后,给该元素输入键盘上的按键,无法选中系统的弹窗,所以当右键菜单跳出来以后selenium就无能为力了。

针对该问题,目前主流的方法是安装python模拟键盘的库,例如windows的pypiwin32,linux的virtkey和PyUserInput。

Windows:

    亲测python3.5 使用pip install pypiwin32 安装成功,

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import win32api
import win32con
VK_CODE ={'enter':0x0D, 'down_arrow':0x28}
#键盘键按下
def keyDown(keyName):
    win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, 0, 0)
#键盘键抬起
def keyUp(keyName):
    win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)
 
print('Please wait...Firefox loading...')
print('---------------------------------')
# 用浏览器实现访问
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("一个url")
element = driver.find_element_by_id('img').find_element_by_tag_name('img')
img_url = element.get_attribute('src')
#print(img_url)
action = ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element)
action.context_click(element).perform()
time.sleep(1)
#按v
win32api.keybd_event(86, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.keybd_event(86, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)
time.sleep(1)
#按enter
keyDown("enter")
keyUp("enter")
time.sleep(1)


这里https://www.cnblogs.com/wumac/p/5994923.html 列出了一些按键的代码(附件)

Linux:

   亲测Ubuntu64自带的python2.7.6使用 sudo apt-get install python-virtkey 安装成功https://www.howtoinstall.co/en/ubuntu/trusty/universe/python-virtkey/,virtkey仅支持python2.7,并能显示在pip list中;但是,python2.7.6安装requests会有问题,报错chardet无法卸载,需要更新python版本;而当我把python升级到2.7.13后,requests是装上了,但virtkey安装完毕后没显示在pip list中,也无法import,所以放弃了。下面列出了virtkey 的按键代码https://blog.csdn.net/zhouy1989/article/details/13997507

下面,我们采用了PyUserInput库,它集合了

PyMouse, 专门模拟鼠标操作
PyKeyboard,专门模拟键盘上的操作
安装方法: pip install PyUserInput (注意要Python2.7)

from pykeyboard import PyKeyboard
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Key
 
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
k = PyKeyboard()
driver.get("一个url")
element = driver.find_element_by_id('img').find_element_by_tag_name('img')
img_url = element.get_attribute('src')
action = ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element).context_click(element).perform()
time.sleep(1)
k.tap_key("v")
time.sleep(1)
k.tap_key(k.enter_key) #Enter
time.sleep(1)


这里给出PyUserInput模块的使用方法 https://github.com/PyUserInput/PyUserInput

总结:

我们只是用selenium实现了右键,后面的操作由其他库来模拟键盘完成;windows相对方便一点,pypiwin32对python的各个版本兼容比较好,但是windows系统稳定性较差,需要留足sleep时间;linux比较麻烦,只能用python2.7,不然很多库装不上,

PyUserInput比较好用,linux系统稳定性好;建议在虚拟机上运行,不然,你就不能用电脑了,因为你的系统始终在模拟按键以及选中element,有虚拟机你就可以放心切出去做其他事了;最后, 考虑到网络问题,有时候会有timeoutexception,建议做一个retry

附件:

import win32api
import win32con
import win32gui
from ctypes import *
import time
VK_CODE = {
 'backspace':0x08,
 'tab':0x09,
 'clear':0x0C,
 'enter':0x0D,
 'shift':0x10,
 'ctrl':0x11,
 'alt':0x12,
 'pause':0x13,
 'caps_lock':0x14,
 'esc':0x1B,
 'spacebar':0x20,
 'page_up':0x21,
 'page_down':0x22,
 'end':0x23,
 'home':0x24,
 'left_arrow':0x25,
 'up_arrow':0x26,
 'right_arrow':0x27,
 'down_arrow':0x28,
 'select':0x29,
 'print':0x2A,
 'execute':0x2B,
 'print_screen':0x2C,
 'ins':0x2D,
 'del':0x2E,
 'help':0x2F,
 '0':0x30,
 '1':0x31,
 '2':0x32,
 '3':0x33,
 '4':0x34,
 '5':0x35,
 '6':0x36,
 '7':0x37,
 '8':0x38,
 '9':0x39,
 'a':0x41,
 'b':0x42,
 'c':0x43,
 'd':0x44,
 'e':0x45,
 'f':0x46,
 'g':0x47,
 'h':0x48,
 'i':0x49,
 'j':0x4A,
 'k':0x4B,
 'l':0x4C,
 'm':0x4D,
 'n':0x4E,
 'o':0x4F,
 'p':0x50,
 'q':0x51,
 'r':0x52,
 's':0x53,
 't':0x54,
 'u':0x55,
 'v':0x56,
 'w':0x57,
 'x':0x58,
 'y':0x59,
 'z':0x5A,
 'numpad_0':0x60,
 'numpad_1':0x61,
 'numpad_2':0x62,
 'numpad_3':0x63,
 'numpad_4':0x64,
 'numpad_5':0x65,
 'numpad_6':0x66,
 'numpad_7':0x67,
 'numpad_8':0x68,
 'numpad_9':0x69,
 'multiply_key':0x6A,
 'add_key':0x6B,
 'separator_key':0x6C,
 'subtract_key':0x6D,
 'decimal_key':0x6E,
 'divide_key':0x6F,
 'F1':0x70,
 'F2':0x71,
 'F3':0x72,
 'F4':0x73,
 'F5':0x74,
 'F6':0x75,
 'F7':0x76,
 'F8':0x77,
 'F9':0x78,
 'F10':0x79,
 'F11':0x7A,
 'F12':0x7B,
 'F13':0x7C,
 'F14':0x7D,
 'F15':0x7E,
 'F16':0x7F,
 'F17':0x80,
 'F18':0x81,
 'F19':0x82,
 'F20':0x83,
 'F21':0x84,
 'F22':0x85,
 'F23':0x86,
 'F24':0x87,
 'num_lock':0x90,
 'scroll_lock':0x91,
 'left_shift':0xA0,
 'right_shift ':0xA1,
 'left_control':0xA2,
 'right_control':0xA3,
 'left_menu':0xA4,
 'right_menu':0xA5,
 'browser_back':0xA6,
 'browser_forward':0xA7,
 'browser_refresh':0xA8,
 'browser_stop':0xA9,
 'browser_search':0xAA,
 'browser_favorites':0xAB,
 'browser_start_and_home':0xAC,
 'volume_mute':0xAD,
 'volume_Down':0xAE,
 'volume_up':0xAF,
 'next_track':0xB0,
 'previous_track':0xB1,
 'stop_media':0xB2,
 'play/pause_media':0xB3,
 'start_mail':0xB4,
 'select_media':0xB5,
 'start_application_1':0xB6,
 'start_application_2':0xB7,
 'attn_key':0xF6,
 'crsel_key':0xF7,
 'exsel_key':0xF8,
 'play_key':0xFA,
 'zoom_key':0xFB,
 'clear_key':0xFE,
 '+':0xBB,
 ',':0xBC,
 '-':0xBD,
 '.':0xBE,
 '/':0xBF,
 '`':0xC0,
 ';':0xBA,
 '[':0xDB,
 '\\':0xDC,
 ']':0xDD,
 "'":0xDE,
 '`':0xC0}
class POINT(Structure):
 _fields_ = [("x", c_ulong),("y", c_ulong)]
def get_mouse_point():
 po = POINT()
 windll.user32.GetCursorPos(byref(po))
 return int(po.x), int(po.y)
def mouse_click(x=None,y=None):
 if not x is None and not y is None:
     mouse_move(x,y)
     time.sleep(0.05)
 win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0)
def mouse_dclick(x=None,y=None):
 if not x is None and not y is None:
     mouse_move(x,y)
     time.sleep(0.05)
 win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0)
def mouse_move(x,y):
 windll.user32.SetCursorPos(x, y)
def key_input(str=''):
 for c in str:
     win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[c],0,0,0)
     win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[c],0,win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP,0)
     time.sleep(0.01)

##if __name__ == "__main__":
while 1:
    mouse_click(800,600)
    time.sleep(5)
    str = 'hello'
    key_input(str)

 

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