本文所有实现都基于selenium + 火狐浏览器,及geckodriver驱动 ,驱动下载地址https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases,找到对应系统的版本,注意驱动还需要和浏览器的版本配对,一般更新浏览器到最新,然后用最新的驱动。不然会报如下的错:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unable to find a matching set of capabilities
意思就是浏览器版本与驱动不匹配。linux系统需要在软件中心更新Firefox,不建议自己从火狐官网下安装包。
目前右键另存为的方式很多都是如下
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
action = ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element)#移动到该元素
action.context_click(element)#右键点击该元素
action.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)#点击键盘向下箭头
action.send_keys('v')#键盘输入V保存图
action.perform()#执行保存
然而,并木有用,右键是实现了,但无法按出v以及保存。原因是selenium自带的send_keys是在选中某个元素后,给该元素输入键盘上的按键,无法选中系统的弹窗,所以当右键菜单跳出来以后selenium就无能为力了。
针对该问题,目前主流的方法是安装python模拟键盘的库,例如windows的pypiwin32,linux的virtkey和PyUserInput。
亲测python3.5 使用pip install pypiwin32 安装成功,
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import win32api
import win32con
VK_CODE ={'enter':0x0D, 'down_arrow':0x28}
#键盘键按下
def keyDown(keyName):
win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, 0, 0)
#键盘键抬起
def keyUp(keyName):
win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)
print('Please wait...Firefox loading...')
print('---------------------------------')
# 用浏览器实现访问
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("一个url")
element = driver.find_element_by_id('img').find_element_by_tag_name('img')
img_url = element.get_attribute('src')
#print(img_url)
action = ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element)
action.context_click(element).perform()
time.sleep(1)
#按v
win32api.keybd_event(86, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.keybd_event(86, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)
time.sleep(1)
#按enter
keyDown("enter")
keyUp("enter")
time.sleep(1)
这里https://www.cnblogs.com/wumac/p/5994923.html 列出了一些按键的代码(附件)
亲测Ubuntu64自带的python2.7.6使用 sudo apt-get install python-virtkey 安装成功https://www.howtoinstall.co/en/ubuntu/trusty/universe/python-virtkey/,virtkey仅支持python2.7,并能显示在pip list中;但是,python2.7.6安装requests会有问题,报错chardet无法卸载,需要更新python版本;而当我把python升级到2.7.13后,requests是装上了,但virtkey安装完毕后没显示在pip list中,也无法import,所以放弃了。下面列出了virtkey 的按键代码https://blog.csdn.net/zhouy1989/article/details/13997507
下面,我们采用了PyUserInput库,它集合了
PyMouse, 专门模拟鼠标操作
PyKeyboard,专门模拟键盘上的操作
安装方法: pip install PyUserInput (注意要Python2.7)
from pykeyboard import PyKeyboard
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Key
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
k = PyKeyboard()
driver.get("一个url")
element = driver.find_element_by_id('img').find_element_by_tag_name('img')
img_url = element.get_attribute('src')
action = ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element).context_click(element).perform()
time.sleep(1)
k.tap_key("v")
time.sleep(1)
k.tap_key(k.enter_key) #Enter
time.sleep(1)
这里给出PyUserInput模块的使用方法 https://github.com/PyUserInput/PyUserInput
总结:
我们只是用selenium实现了右键,后面的操作由其他库来模拟键盘完成;windows相对方便一点,pypiwin32对python的各个版本兼容比较好,但是windows系统稳定性较差,需要留足sleep时间;linux比较麻烦,只能用python2.7,不然很多库装不上,
PyUserInput比较好用,linux系统稳定性好;建议在虚拟机上运行,不然,你就不能用电脑了,因为你的系统始终在模拟按键以及选中element,有虚拟机你就可以放心切出去做其他事了;最后, 考虑到网络问题,有时候会有timeoutexception,建议做一个retry
附件:
import win32api
import win32con
import win32gui
from ctypes import *
import time
VK_CODE = {
'backspace':0x08,
'tab':0x09,
'clear':0x0C,
'enter':0x0D,
'shift':0x10,
'ctrl':0x11,
'alt':0x12,
'pause':0x13,
'caps_lock':0x14,
'esc':0x1B,
'spacebar':0x20,
'page_up':0x21,
'page_down':0x22,
'end':0x23,
'home':0x24,
'left_arrow':0x25,
'up_arrow':0x26,
'right_arrow':0x27,
'down_arrow':0x28,
'select':0x29,
'print':0x2A,
'execute':0x2B,
'print_screen':0x2C,
'ins':0x2D,
'del':0x2E,
'help':0x2F,
'0':0x30,
'1':0x31,
'2':0x32,
'3':0x33,
'4':0x34,
'5':0x35,
'6':0x36,
'7':0x37,
'8':0x38,
'9':0x39,
'a':0x41,
'b':0x42,
'c':0x43,
'd':0x44,
'e':0x45,
'f':0x46,
'g':0x47,
'h':0x48,
'i':0x49,
'j':0x4A,
'k':0x4B,
'l':0x4C,
'm':0x4D,
'n':0x4E,
'o':0x4F,
'p':0x50,
'q':0x51,
'r':0x52,
's':0x53,
't':0x54,
'u':0x55,
'v':0x56,
'w':0x57,
'x':0x58,
'y':0x59,
'z':0x5A,
'numpad_0':0x60,
'numpad_1':0x61,
'numpad_2':0x62,
'numpad_3':0x63,
'numpad_4':0x64,
'numpad_5':0x65,
'numpad_6':0x66,
'numpad_7':0x67,
'numpad_8':0x68,
'numpad_9':0x69,
'multiply_key':0x6A,
'add_key':0x6B,
'separator_key':0x6C,
'subtract_key':0x6D,
'decimal_key':0x6E,
'divide_key':0x6F,
'F1':0x70,
'F2':0x71,
'F3':0x72,
'F4':0x73,
'F5':0x74,
'F6':0x75,
'F7':0x76,
'F8':0x77,
'F9':0x78,
'F10':0x79,
'F11':0x7A,
'F12':0x7B,
'F13':0x7C,
'F14':0x7D,
'F15':0x7E,
'F16':0x7F,
'F17':0x80,
'F18':0x81,
'F19':0x82,
'F20':0x83,
'F21':0x84,
'F22':0x85,
'F23':0x86,
'F24':0x87,
'num_lock':0x90,
'scroll_lock':0x91,
'left_shift':0xA0,
'right_shift ':0xA1,
'left_control':0xA2,
'right_control':0xA3,
'left_menu':0xA4,
'right_menu':0xA5,
'browser_back':0xA6,
'browser_forward':0xA7,
'browser_refresh':0xA8,
'browser_stop':0xA9,
'browser_search':0xAA,
'browser_favorites':0xAB,
'browser_start_and_home':0xAC,
'volume_mute':0xAD,
'volume_Down':0xAE,
'volume_up':0xAF,
'next_track':0xB0,
'previous_track':0xB1,
'stop_media':0xB2,
'play/pause_media':0xB3,
'start_mail':0xB4,
'select_media':0xB5,
'start_application_1':0xB6,
'start_application_2':0xB7,
'attn_key':0xF6,
'crsel_key':0xF7,
'exsel_key':0xF8,
'play_key':0xFA,
'zoom_key':0xFB,
'clear_key':0xFE,
'+':0xBB,
',':0xBC,
'-':0xBD,
'.':0xBE,
'/':0xBF,
'`':0xC0,
';':0xBA,
'[':0xDB,
'\\':0xDC,
']':0xDD,
"'":0xDE,
'`':0xC0}
class POINT(Structure):
_fields_ = [("x", c_ulong),("y", c_ulong)]
def get_mouse_point():
po = POINT()
windll.user32.GetCursorPos(byref(po))
return int(po.x), int(po.y)
def mouse_click(x=None,y=None):
if not x is None and not y is None:
mouse_move(x,y)
time.sleep(0.05)
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0)
def mouse_dclick(x=None,y=None):
if not x is None and not y is None:
mouse_move(x,y)
time.sleep(0.05)
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0)
def mouse_move(x,y):
windll.user32.SetCursorPos(x, y)
def key_input(str=''):
for c in str:
win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[c],0,0,0)
win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[c],0,win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP,0)
time.sleep(0.01)
##if __name__ == "__main__":
while 1:
mouse_click(800,600)
time.sleep(5)
str = 'hello'
key_input(str)