网上写spring的文章多如牛毛,为什么还要写呢,因为,很简单,那是人家写的;网上都鼓励你不要造轮子,为什么你还要造呢,因为,那不是你造的。
我不是要造spring,我只是想把自己学习spring的一些感想,一些心得说出来,希望大家看到有不对的地方,请一定不吝赐教。
说说我自己,13年小本毕业,软件工程专业,校招去了最近疯传的牢厂
总部里待了2年,15年越狱
出来,某落魄互联网公司(PC时代风头无两)待了1年,慨叹深圳买房之艰难,遂于16年底回蓉。趁着热血未冷,去了一家创业公司,9个月后,欠薪3月,靠刷信用卡还贷,不得不含泪辞职;17年投奔国企,目前从事公共安全相关工作,趁着对技术还有一腔热情,没事写写文章,目前主要兴趣是:分布式、微服务等后端技术;对k8s等新技术保持关注;没事参加一些线下技术活动,欢迎大家和我交流。
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本来,我是想分享一些 spring cloud 的东西,但后来发现,我自己在读spring cloud的过程中,有些东西也不是理解得很透彻,比如各种@Enable注解其实是用到了spring boot的东西,然后我觉得应该倒回去先看看spring boot,然后呢,看spring boot的过程中,发现spring 和 spring boot其实是一个深度融合,“你中有我,我中有你”的关系,比如spring boot启动时,不是会连带启动spring 容器吗,等等。
我就想着,干脆把spring boot系统研究一把算了,我在github上找了spring boot的工程,克隆到了码云上(速度要快得多),然后自己回退到了spring boot的第一个版本,时间大概是2013年4月,其实这第一个版本,基本的代码也已经成型了,我就拿这个版本的源码在本地idea里面看,配套的spring 版本是4.0.0,也还行。
我自己加了不少注释在工程里,工程地址在这:
https://gitee.com/ckl111/spring-boot-first-version-learn
工程结构如下:
这个工程我也会一直维护着,我觉得,spring 4.0.0的版本,暂时对我阅读代码来说,足够了,如果大家大概了解spring 每个版本的新特性的话,可以发现,spring 4.0开始,各种注解已经很完善了,现在虽然已经出到5.2版本了,但核心的东西也还是没有变化,所以,对我们研读源码,影响不大。如果真的把这个版本能读得差不多了,那想必对spring /spring boot的核心也理解差不多了,到时候再读新版本的源码也不迟,是吧。
总体来说:
spring boot 版本,2013年4月,first version。
配套的spring版本,4.0.0.BOOTSTRAP-SNAPSHOT
那时候的spring boot长什么样子,我这边给个地址(我这已经克隆到码云了)
https://gitee.com/ckl111/spring-boot/tree/fb6b2244707dd5dfad12d62cb6a3c396555270d1/
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因为我这个系列,大概会按照思维导图的流程来走,然后思维导图太大了,我这里先直接贴前面这部分:
思维导图完整链接:https://www.processon.com/view/link/5deeefdee4b0e2c298aa5596
我大概的讲解思路也会是上面那样,从上到下,每个点细细地讲。
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闲言少叙,进入正题。第一讲,先说说bean definition吧,这个东西,实在太重要了,核心的存储结构啊。
大家可以再想一想,spring 当初刚出来的时候,主打的是ioc容器,容器里装了啥呢,bean啊!bean是什么呢?
恩。。。我也不知道是啥,反正spring里拿出来的就是bean。
行,那bean有什么特征吗?
哦,bean是一个对象,有名字,有class类型,有scope(单例、prototype那些),有role(属于应用的bean、还是spring框架的bean),有是否延迟初始化(lazy-init),有它依赖的其他bean,如果这个bean不好造(不能直接反射生成的话),可能还有个工厂方法和工厂bean呢,哎,好像还说漏了,反正挺多的。
那是不是每个bean都有这些属性呢?
仔细想想,好像是的吧。
既然都有这些东西,那这个东西感觉像是个模板了,就像是最近写了年终总结,hr小姐姐就给我们发了模板,上面姓名啊、部门啊、职位啊、述职的基本格式啊,都是固定的,我们只要拿来,填上自己的信息就行了,那我们是不是可以抽象一下,搞个class啊,比如下面这样:
package com.learn;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class SpringDefinition {
/**
* bean class名
*/
String beanClassName;
/**
* 工厂bean的名称
*/
String factoryBeanName;
/**
* 工厂方法的名称
*/
String factoryMethodName;
/**
* singleton/prototype等
*/
String scope;
/**
* 是否延迟初始化
*/
boolean isLazyInit;
/**
* 依赖的bean
*/
String[] dependsOn;
/**
* bean的角色,比如:1:框架;2:应用
*/
int role;
/**
* 是否为主候选bean
*/
boolean primary;
...其他属性
}
实话说,是可以的,一些简单的,轻量级ioc容器就是这么玩的,但是spring作为优秀代码的代表,肯定不能这么low,接口的抽象性要好得多,方便我们替换不同的实现,该用接口来抽象,肯定要抽象为接口。
下边我们就看看该接口,先看接口的描述:
* A BeanDefinition describes a bean instance, which has property values, * constructor argument values, and further information supplied by * concrete implementations. * *
This is just a minimal interface: The main intention is to allow a * {@link BeanFactoryPostProcessor} such as {@link PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer} * to introspect and modify property values and other bean metadata. * @author Juergen Hoeller * @author Rob Harrop * @since 19.03.2004
这里说的是,bean definition描述一个bean实例的各种属性,尤其声明了:这是一个最小化接口,主要目的是允许bean factory后置处理器,对bean property和其他元数据进行修改。而且,这是2004年的接口,可想而知,是多么核心的api了。
再看看具体定义的方法,更好理解:
public interface BeanDefinition extends AttributeAccessor, BeanMetadataElement {
/**
* Return the name of the parent definition of this bean definition, if any.
*/
String getParentName();
/**
* Set the name of the parent definition of this bean definition, if any.
*/
void setParentName(String parentName);
/**
* Return the current bean class name of this bean definition.
* Note that this does not have to be the actual class name used at runtime, in
* case of a child definition overriding/inheriting the class name from its parent.
* Hence, do not consider this to be the definitive bean type at runtime but
* rather only use it for parsing purposes at the individual bean definition level.
*/
String getBeanClassName();
/**
* Override the bean class name of this bean definition.
*
The class name can be modified during bean factory post-processing,
* typically replacing the original class name with a parsed variant of it.
*/
void setBeanClassName(String beanClassName);
/**
* Return the factory bean name, if any.
*/
String getFactoryBeanName();
/**
* Specify the factory bean to use, if any.
*/
void setFactoryBeanName(String factoryBeanName);
/**
* Return a factory method, if any.
*/
String getFactoryMethodName();
/**
* Specify a factory method, if any. This method will be invoked with
* constructor arguments, or with no arguments if none are specified.
* The method will be invoked on the specified factory bean, if any,
* or otherwise as a static method on the local bean class.
* @param factoryMethodName static factory method name,
* or {@code null} if normal constructor creation should be used
* @see #getBeanClassName()
*/
void setFactoryMethodName(String factoryMethodName);
/**
* Return the name of the current target scope for this bean,
* or {@code null} if not known yet.
*/
String getScope();
/**
* Override the target scope of this bean, specifying a new scope name.
* @see #SCOPE_SINGLETON
* @see #SCOPE_PROTOTYPE
*/
void setScope(String scope);
/**
* Return whether this bean should be lazily initialized, i.e. not
* eagerly instantiated on startup. Only applicable to a singleton bean.
*/
boolean isLazyInit();
/**
* Set whether this bean should be lazily initialized.
*
If {@code false}, the bean will get instantiated on startup by bean
* factories that perform eager initialization of singletons.
*/
void setLazyInit(boolean lazyInit);
/**
* Return the bean names that this bean depends on.
*/
String[] getDependsOn();
/**
* Set the names of the beans that this bean depends on being initialized.
* The bean factory will guarantee that these beans get initialized first.
*/
void setDependsOn(String[] dependsOn);
/**
* Return whether this bean is a candidate for getting autowired into some other bean.
*/
boolean isAutowireCandidate();
/**
* Set whether this bean is a candidate for getting autowired into some other bean.
*/
void setAutowireCandidate(boolean autowireCandidate);
/**
* Return whether this bean is a primary autowire candidate.
* If this value is true for exactly one bean among multiple
* matching candidates, it will serve as a tie-breaker.
*/
boolean isPrimary();
/**
* Set whether this bean is a primary autowire candidate.
*
If this value is true for exactly one bean among multiple
* matching candidates, it will serve as a tie-breaker.
*/
void setPrimary(boolean primary);
/**
* Return the constructor argument values for this bean.
*
The returned instance can be modified during bean factory post-processing.
* @return the ConstructorArgumentValues object (never {@code null})
*/
ConstructorArgumentValues getConstructorArgumentValues();
/**
* Return the property values to be applied to a new instance of the bean.
*
The returned instance can be modified during bean factory post-processing.
* @return the MutablePropertyValues object (never {@code null})
*/
MutablePropertyValues getPropertyValues();
/**
* Return whether this a Singleton, with a single, shared instance
* returned on all calls.
* @see #SCOPE_SINGLETON
*/
boolean isSingleton();
/**
* Return whether this a Prototype, with an independent instance
* returned for each call.
* @see #SCOPE_PROTOTYPE
*/
boolean isPrototype();
/**
* Return whether this bean is "abstract", that is, not meant to be instantiated.
*/
boolean isAbstract();
/**
* Get the role hint for this {@code BeanDefinition}. The role hint
* provides tools with an indication of the importance of a particular
* {@code BeanDefinition}.
* @see #ROLE_APPLICATION
* @see #ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE
* @see #ROLE_SUPPORT
*/
int getRole();
/**
* Return a human-readable description of this bean definition.
*/
String getDescription();
/**
* Return a description of the resource that this bean definition
* came from (for the purpose of showing context in case of errors).
*/
String getResourceDescription();
/**
* Return the originating BeanDefinition, or {@code null} if none.
* Allows for retrieving the decorated bean definition, if any.
*
Note that this method returns the immediate originator. Iterate through the
* originator chain to find the original BeanDefinition as defined by the user.
*/
BeanDefinition getOriginatingBeanDefinition();
}
大家仔细看看,是不是其实和我们定义的class差不多呢,主要都是一些get/set方法。里面的字段呢,下一讲我们详细讲解一下,会结合一些融会贯通的地方。
然后我们看看这个接口有哪些实现吧?
可以看到,这里有两个是我标红了,因为他们特殊,特殊在他们不属于spring-beans包,而是在spring-context包里。后边遇到了我们再单说,这里存疑。
再来看看这个接口的继承图:
我们看到,这个接口有一个子接口,是AnnotatedBeanDefinition
。这个接口定义如下:
/**
* Extended {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition}
* interface that exposes {@link org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata}
* about its bean class - without requiring the class to be loaded yet.
* 这个接口扩展了BeanDefinition,可以获得bean definition中的bean class上的注解元数据。
* 举个例子,假设我们用@controller标注了某个类,那这里就能获取到@controller这个注解里面的信息
*
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @since 2.5
* @see AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition
* @see org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata
*/
public interface AnnotatedBeanDefinition extends BeanDefinition {
/**
* Obtain the annotation metadata (as well as basic class metadata)
* for this bean definition's bean class.
* @return the annotation metadata object (never {@code null})
*/
AnnotationMetadata getMetadata();
}
可以想一想有什么用,这个接口能取到bean definition中对应bean class上标注的注解元数据。
比如下面的controller举例:
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface Controller {
/**
* The value may indicate a suggestion for a logical component name,
* to be turned into a Spring bean in case of an autodetected component.
* @return the suggested component name, if any
*/
String value() default "";
}
那这个AnnotatedBeanDefinition
就能取到controller中的value字段的值。
我这里也写了个简单的例子,如下:
@Component("testService")
public class HelloWorldService {
}
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void run(String... args) {
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory =
(DefaultListableBeanFactory) applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();
// 获取bean definition,然后获取其注解元数据
AnnotatedBeanDefinition annotatedBeanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("testService");
AnnotationMetadata metadata = annotatedBeanDefinition.getMetadata();
Map annotationAttributes = metadata.getAnnotationAttributes("org.springframework.stereotype.Component");
log.info("annotationAttributes:{}",annotationAttributes);
}
我这边打印出来就是:
信息: annotationAttributes:{value=testService}
代码在
https://gitee.com/ckl111/spring-boot-first-version-learn/tree/master/all-demo-in-spring-learning/spring-bootstrap-bean-definition-demo
仔细看了两个接口 AnnotatedBeanDefinition
和BeanDefinition
,其实实现类都是差不多那几个。
基本上org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinition
充当了基本的实现,基本上,该实现的方法都实现了,除了一个:
/**
* Clone this bean definition.
* To be implemented by concrete subclasses.
* @return the cloned bean definition object
*/
public abstract AbstractBeanDefinition cloneBeanDefinition();
赶紧这个方法,对我们分析也没多大帮助,暂时跳过即可。
再看看org.springframework.beans.factory.support.GenericBeanDefinition
,感觉很重要,我们看看:
public class GenericBeanDefinition extends AbstractBeanDefinition {
private String parentName;
/**
* 这里有点意思,类似于builder模式,先生成一个实例,再自己各种set方法设置相关属性
*
* Create a new GenericBeanDefinition, to be configured through its bean
* properties and configuration methods.
* @see #setBeanClass
* @see #setBeanClassName
* @see #setScope
* @see #setAutowireMode
* @see #setDependencyCheck
* @see #setConstructorArgumentValues
* @see #setPropertyValues
*/
public GenericBeanDefinition() {
super();
}
...
@Override
public AbstractBeanDefinition cloneBeanDefinition() {
return new GenericBeanDefinition(this);
}
}
ok,都这么简单的话,就再看两个,spring beans包中的org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition
:
public class AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition extends GenericBeanDefinition implements AnnotatedBeanDefinition {
private final AnnotationMetadata metadata;
/**
* Create a new AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition for the given bean class.
* @param beanClass the loaded bean class
*/
public AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition(Class> beanClass) {
setBeanClass(beanClass);
this.metadata = new StandardAnnotationMetadata(beanClass, true);
}
/**
* Create a new AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition for the given annotation metadata,
* allowing for ASM-based processing and avoidance of early loading of the bean class.
* Note that this constructor is functionally equivalent to
* {@link org.springframework.context.annotation.ScannedGenericBeanDefinition
* ScannedGenericBeanDefinition}, however the semantics of the latter indicate that
* a bean was discovered specifically via component-scanning as opposed to other
* means.
* @param metadata the annotation metadata for the bean class in question
* @since 3.1.1
*/
public AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
Assert.notNull(metadata, "AnnotationMetadata must not be null");
setBeanClassName(metadata.getClassName());
this.metadata = metadata;
}
public final AnnotationMetadata getMetadata() {
return this.metadata;
}
}
很简单,就是多了获取bean class的注解的功能。
再看这个呢,
/**
* Extension of the {@link GenericBeanDefinition}
* class, based on an ASM ClassReader, with support for annotation metadata exposed
* through the {@link AnnotatedBeanDefinition} interface.
*
* This class does not load the bean {@code Class} early.
* It rather retrieves all relevant metadata from the ".class" file itself,
* parsed with the ASM ClassReader. It is functionally equivalent to
* {@link AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition#AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition(AnnotationMetadata)}
* but distinguishes by type beans that have been scanned vs those that have
* been otherwise registered or detected by other means.
*
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @author Chris Beams
* @since 2.5
* @see #getMetadata()
* @see #getBeanClassName()
* @see org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReaderFactory
* @see AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition
*/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class ScannedGenericBeanDefinition extends GenericBeanDefinition implements AnnotatedBeanDefinition {
private final AnnotationMetadata metadata;
/**
* Create a new ScannedGenericBeanDefinition for the class that the
* given MetadataReader describes.
* @param metadataReader the MetadataReader for the scanned target class
*/
public ScannedGenericBeanDefinition(MetadataReader metadataReader) {
Assert.notNull(metadataReader, "MetadataReader must not be null");
this.metadata = metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata();
setBeanClassName(this.metadata.getClassName());
}
public final AnnotationMetadata getMetadata() {
return this.metadata;
}
}
我一开始,一眼看过去,感觉眼花了,差不多啊,但这个是在spring context包里,然后,可以看上面的注释,说是使用asm去获取注解信息。所以,这个和上面那个的差别是:
org.springframework.context.annotation.ScannedGenericBeanDefinition 位于spring-context,使用asm
org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition 位于spring-beans,使用反射
再看看org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition
(位于spring-beans),这个类下面只有一个子类,位于spring-context的
org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition
这两个类,一看就比较特别,能看出来,和@configuration注解有莫大关系,这个我们放后面讲。