ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云

陈拓 [email protected] 2020/04/01-2020/04/10

 

1. 概述

  • 开发环境

先看《树莓派安装ESP8266_SDK开发环境》一文。
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/122246166

熟悉项目的编译和烧写过程。

  • 官方例子

《Simple MQTT Client Demo》

https://gitee.com/chentuo2000/ESP8266_NONOS_SDK/tree/master/examples/esp_mqtt_proj

这个例子实现了:

MQTT发布消息

MQTT订阅主题

MQTT works with SSL/TLS

MQTT works with one-way anthentication

MQTT works with two-way anthentication

2. 阿里云平台准备

根据阿里官方文档,在阿里云平台创建产品,创建设备,同时自动产生 product key, product secert, device name, device secret。

具体操作请看文档《阿里云物联网平台基本设置-物模型》https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/103559553

  • 创建产品,定义属性

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第1张图片

  • 添加设备

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第2张图片

  • “查看”证书

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第3张图片

一键复制:

{
  "ProductKey": "a10hJ4nAdAz",
  "DeviceName": "temperature001",
  "DeviceSecret": "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
}

这个设备证书也称为“设备三元组”。

  • 阿里云物联网平台的测试

为了测试MQTT客户端和服务端的通信协议,以及看懂后面的代码,需要先看看下面几篇文章:

《MQTTfx连接物联网云平台》
https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/104313968

《MQTT.fx脚本Scripts使用》
https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/104252690

《MQTT-TCP连接通信》

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/73742.html

sudo apt-get uninstall openssl

《自己写微信小程序MQTT模拟器》

https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/102507560

3. ESP8266的SDK连接阿里云

3.1 修改官方的例子

在《树莓派安装ESP8266_SDK开发环境》一文中

https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/105296166

我们已经将官方的例子esp_mqtt_proj复制到了工作目录中:

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第4张图片

并且通过修改这个例子做了2个小练习,下面我们继续通过修改这个例子来连接到阿里云。

3.2 修改头文件

  • 进入i_mqtt目录
cd i_mqtt

  • 编辑头文件mqtt_config.h
nano include/mqtt_config.h

  • mqtt_config.h代码

下面是改好的头文件代码,你可以和原来的头文件对比。

#ifndef __MQTT_CONFIG_H__
#define __MQTT_CONFIG_H__

typedef enum{
  NO_TLS = 0,                       // 0: 禁用SSL/TLS,这是默认值,就用这个,因为我在阿里云上没有使用证书验证
  TLS_WITHOUT_AUTHENTICATION = 1,   // 1: enable SSL/TLS, but there is no a certificate verify
  ONE_WAY_ANTHENTICATION = 2,       // 2: enable SSL/TLS, ESP8266 would verify the SSL server certificate at the same time
  TWO_WAY_ANTHENTICATION = 3,       // 3: enable SSL/TLS, ESP8266 would verify the SSL server certificate and SSL server would verify ESP8266 certificate
}TLS_LEVEL;

/*IMPORTANT: the following configuration maybe need modified*/
/***********************************************************************************************************************/
#define CFG_HOLDER    0x00FF55A5    /* 改变这个值,以保存配置,并在设备启动时装载保存的配置,我将0x00FF55A4改成0x00FF55A5 */

/*DEFAULT CONFIGURATIONS*/

/* 阿里云平台设备三元组 */
#define PRODUCT_KEY     "a10hJ4nAdAz"
#define DEVICE_NAME     "temperature001"
#define DEVICE_SECRET   "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

#define DEVICE_ID       PRODUCT_KEY"."DEVICE_NAME
#define REGION_ID       "cn-shanghai"

#define MQTT_HOST       PRODUCT_KEY".iot-as-mqtt."REGION_ID".aliyuncs.com"
#define MQTT_PORT       1883
#define MQTT_CLIENT_ID  DEVICE_ID"|securemode=3,signmethod=hmacsha1|"
#define MQTT_USER       DEVICE_NAME"&"PRODUCT_KEY
#define MQTT_PASS       "clientId"DEVICE_ID"deviceName"DEVICE_NAME"productKey"PRODUCT_KEY

#define STA_SSID "HUAWEI-BAP55C"  // your AP/router SSID to config your device networking
#define STA_PASS "ABCDE12345"     // your AP/router password

#define DEFAULT_SECURITY          NO_TLS // very important: you must config DEFAULT_SECURITY for SSL/TLS

#define CA_CERT_FLASH_ADDRESS     0x77   // CA certificate address in flash to read, 0x77 means address 0x77000
#define CLIENT_CERT_FLASH_ADDRESS 0x78   // client certificate and private key address in flash to read, 0x78 means address 0x78000
/***********************************************************************************************************************/


/*Please Keep the following configuration if you have no very deep understanding of ESP SSL/TLS*/
#define CFG_LOCATION               0x79    /* Please don't change or if you know what you doing */
#define MQTT_BUF_SIZE              1024
#define MQTT_KEEPALIVE             120     /*心跳second*/
#define MQTT_RECONNECT_TIMEOUT     5       /*second*/
#define MQTT_SSL_ENABLE //* Please don't change or if you know what you doing */

#define STA_TYPE AUTH_WPA2_PSK
#define QUEUE_BUFFER_SIZE          2048

//#define PROTOCOL_NAMEv31    /*MQTT version 3.1 compatible with Mosquitto v0.15*/
#define PROTOCOL_NAMEv311   /*MQTT version 3.11 compatible with https://eclipse.org/paho/clients/testing/*/

#endif // __MQTT_CONFIG_H__

3.3 修改主程序user_main.c

  • 确定POST_TOPIC

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第5张图片

POST_TOPIC:/sys/a10hJ4nAdAz/${deviceName}/thing/event/property/post

  • 确定GET_TOPIC

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第6张图片

GET_TOPIC:/a10hJ4nAdAz/temperature001/user/get

依此写出数据下行和上行topic的宏定义:

#define GET_TOPIC "/a10hJ4nAdAz/temperature001/user/get"
#define POST_TOPIC "/sys/a10hJ4nAdAz/temperature001/thing/event/property/post"
  • 发送JSON格式的数据

注意单双引号的使用规则。

long int id = 1;
char jsonData[256]={0};
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR getJsonData(long int id, char temp[]) {
    os_sprintf(jsonData, "{'id':'%d','params':{'temperature':%s},'method':'thing.event.property.post'}", id, temp);
    os_printf(" jsonData -> %s\r\n", jsonData);
}

void mqttConnectedCb(uint32_t *args)
{
    MQTT_Client* client = (MQTT_Client*)args;
    INFO("MQTT: Connected\r\n");

    MQTT_Subscribe(client, GET_TOPIC, 0);

    char temp[6] = {'2', '3', '.', '4', '5', '\0'};
    getJsonData(id, temp);

 // 函数原型 BOOL ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR MQTT_Publish(MQTT_Client *client, const char* topic, const char* data, int data_length, int qos, int retain);
    MQTT_Publish(client, POST_TOPIC, jsonData, os_strlen(jsonData), 0, 0);
}
  • 阿里云密码加密

在入口函数void user_init(void)中有一个CFG_Load()函数需要修改。CFG_Load()函数定义在modules/config.c中实现,CFG_Load()使用了结构SYSCFG。SYSCFG在i_mqtt/include/modules/config.h中声明:

typedef struct{
        uint32_t cfg_holder;
        uint8_t device_id[32];

        uint8_t sta_ssid[64];
        uint8_t sta_pwd[64];
        uint32_t sta_type;

        uint8_t mqtt_host[64];
        uint32_t mqtt_port;
        uint8_t mqtt_user[32];
        uint8_t mqtt_pass[32];
        uint32_t mqtt_keepalive;
        uint8_t security;
} SYSCFG;

对比前面mqtt_config.h中#define定义的宏:

device_id, MQTT_CLIENT_ID
mqtt_host, MQTT_HOST
mqtt_user, MQTT_USER
mqtt_pass, MQTT_PASS

SYSCFG中对应声明的长度可能不够。下面我们重写对于这4个宏定义的处理。

在void user_init(void)前面声明一个结构i_mqtt_cfg。

在CFG_Load()函数的下面添加相关代码。

  • 修改主程序user_main.c
nano user/user_main.c

将上面的修改项都写入程序。

下面是user_main.c代码,请和原来的代码对比。

/* main.c -- MQTT client example */

#include "ets_sys.h"
#include "driver/uart.h"
#include "osapi.h"
#include "mqtt.h"
#include "wifi.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "user_interface.h"
#include "mem.h"

#if ((SPI_FLASH_SIZE_MAP == 0) || (SPI_FLASH_SIZE_MAP == 1))
#error "The flash map is not supported"
#elif (SPI_FLASH_SIZE_MAP == 2)
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_SIZE               0x6A000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_2_ADDR             0x81000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_RF_CAL_ADDR            0xfb000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_PHY_DATA_ADDR          0xfc000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_SYSTEM_PARAMETER_ADDR  0xfd000
#elif (SPI_FLASH_SIZE_MAP == 3)
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_SIZE               0x6A000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_2_ADDR             0x81000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_RF_CAL_ADDR            0x1fb000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_PHY_DATA_ADDR          0x1fc000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_SYSTEM_PARAMETER_ADDR  0x1fd000
#elif (SPI_FLASH_SIZE_MAP == 4)
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_SIZE               0x6A000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_2_ADDR             0x81000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_RF_CAL_ADDR            0x3fb000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_PHY_DATA_ADDR          0x3fc000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_SYSTEM_PARAMETER_ADDR  0x3fd000
#elif (SPI_FLASH_SIZE_MAP == 5)
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_SIZE               0x6A000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_2_ADDR             0x101000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_RF_CAL_ADDR            0x1fb000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_PHY_DATA_ADDR          0x1fc000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_SYSTEM_PARAMETER_ADDR  0x1fd000
#elif (SPI_FLASH_SIZE_MAP == 6)
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_SIZE               0x6A000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_2_ADDR             0x101000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_RF_CAL_ADDR            0x3fb000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_PHY_DATA_ADDR          0x3fc000
#define SYSTEM_PARTITION_SYSTEM_PARAMETER_ADDR  0x3fd000
#else
#error "The flash map is not supported"
#endif

MQTT_Client mqttClient;

#define GET_TOPIC "/a10hJ4nAdAz/temperature001/user/get"
#define POST_TOPIC "/sys/a10hJ4nAdAz/temperature001/thing/event/property/post"

void wifiConnectCb(uint8_t status)
{
    if(status == STATION_GOT_IP){
        MQTT_Connect(&mqttClient);
    } else {
        MQTT_Disconnect(&mqttClient);
    }
}

long int id = 1;
char jsonData[256]={0};
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR getJsonData(long int id, char temp[]) {
    os_sprintf(jsonData, "{'id':'%d','params':{'temperature':%s},'method':'thing.event.property.post'}", id, temp);
    os_printf(" jsonData -> %s\r\n", jsonData);
}

void mqttConnectedCb(uint32_t *args)
{
    MQTT_Client* client = (MQTT_Client*)args;
    INFO("MQTT: Connected\r\n");

    MQTT_Subscribe(client, GET_TOPIC, 0);

    char temp[6] = {'2', '3', '.', '4', '5', '\0'};
    getJsonData(id, temp);

 // 函数原型 BOOL ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR MQTT_Publish(MQTT_Client *client, const char* topic, const char* data, int data_length, int qos, int retain);
    MQTT_Publish(client, POST_TOPIC, jsonData, os_strlen(jsonData), 0, 0);
}

void mqttDisconnectedCb(uint32_t *args)
{
    MQTT_Client* client = (MQTT_Client*)args;
    INFO("MQTT: Disconnected\r\n");
}

void mqttPublishedCb(uint32_t *args)
{
    MQTT_Client* client = (MQTT_Client*)args;
    INFO("MQTT: Published\r\n");
}

void mqttDataCb(uint32_t *args, const char* topic, uint32_t topic_len, const char *data, uint32_t data_len)
{
    char *topicBuf = (char*)os_zalloc(topic_len+1),
            *dataBuf = (char*)os_zalloc(data_len+1);

    MQTT_Client* client = (MQTT_Client*)args;

    os_memcpy(topicBuf, topic, topic_len);
    topicBuf[topic_len] = 0;

    os_memcpy(dataBuf, data, data_len);
    dataBuf[data_len] = 0;

    INFO("Receive topic: %s, data: %s \r\n", topicBuf, dataBuf);
    INFO("Topic_len = %d, data_len = %d \r\n", topic_len, data_len);
    os_free(topicBuf);
    os_free(dataBuf);
}

static const partition_item_t at_partition_table[] = {
    { SYSTEM_PARTITION_BOOTLOADER,       0x0,                                   0x1000},
    { SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_1,            0x1000,                                SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_SIZE},
    { SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_2,            SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_2_ADDR,           SYSTEM_PARTITION_OTA_SIZE},
    { SYSTEM_PARTITION_RF_CAL,           SYSTEM_PARTITION_RF_CAL_ADDR,          0x1000},
    { SYSTEM_PARTITION_PHY_DATA,         SYSTEM_PARTITION_PHY_DATA_ADDR,        0x1000},
    { SYSTEM_PARTITION_SYSTEM_PARAMETER, SYSTEM_PARTITION_SYSTEM_PARAMETER_ADDR, 0x3000},
};

void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR user_pre_init(void)
{
    if(!system_partition_table_regist(at_partition_table, sizeof(at_partition_table)/sizeof(at_partition_table[0]),SPI_FLASH_SIZE_MAP)) {
        os_printf("system_partition_table_regist fail\r\n");
        while(1);
    }
}

#define BUF_SIZE 128
// mqtt struct
typedef struct {
uint8_t mqtt_client_id[BUF_SIZE];
uint8_t mqtt_host[BUF_SIZE];
uint8_t mqtt_username[BUF_SIZE];
uint8_t mqtt_password[BUF_SIZE];
uint8_t mqtt_key[BUF_SIZE];
} i_mqtt_Cfg;

void user_init(void)
{
    uart_init(BIT_RATE_115200, BIT_RATE_115200);
    os_delay_us(60000);

    CFG_Load();

    i_mqtt_Cfg i_mqtt_cfg;
    os_strncpy(i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_client_id, MQTT_CLIENT_ID, BUF_SIZE);
    os_strncpy(i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_host, MQTT_HOST, BUF_SIZE);
    os_strncpy(i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_username, MQTT_USER, BUF_SIZE);
    os_strncpy(i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_password, MQTT_PASS, BUF_SIZE);
    os_strncpy(i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_key, DEVICE_SECRET, BUF_SIZE);

    os_printf(" MQTT_CLIENT_ID -> %s\r\n", i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_client_id);
    os_printf(" MQTT_HOST -> %s\r\n", i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_host);
    os_printf(" MQTT_USER -> %s\r\n", i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_username);
    os_printf(" MQTT_PASS -> %s\r\n", i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_password);
    os_printf(" DEVICE_SECRET -> %s\r\n", i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_key);

// 加密函数原型 void ssl_hmac_sha1(const uint8_t *msg, int length, const uint8_t *key, int key_len, uint8_t *digest);
// 待加密的信息 msg,密钥 key,加密之后的信息 digest
    uint8_t mydigest[20], str[40], dst[41];
    ssl_hmac_sha1(i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_password, os_strlen(i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_password), i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_key, os_strlen(i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_key), mydigest);

    // 十六进制数转字符串
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        str[2 * i] = mydigest[i] >> 4;
        str[2 * i + 1] = mydigest[i] & 0xf;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
        os_sprintf(&dst[i], "%x", str[i]);
    }
    dst[40] = '\0';
    os_printf(" mqtt_pass -> %s\r\n", dst);

    MQTT_InitConnection(&mqttClient, i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_host, sysCfg.mqtt_port, sysCfg.security);
    MQTT_InitClient(&mqttClient, i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_client_id, i_mqtt_cfg.mqtt_username, dst, sysCfg.mqtt_keepalive, 1);

    MQTT_InitLWT(&mqttClient, "/lwt", "offline", 0, 0);
    MQTT_OnConnected(&mqttClient, mqttConnectedCb);
    MQTT_OnDisconnected(&mqttClient, mqttDisconnectedCb);
    MQTT_OnPublished(&mqttClient, mqttPublishedCb);
    MQTT_OnData(&mqttClient, mqttDataCb);

    WIFI_Connect(sysCfg.sta_ssid, sysCfg.sta_pwd, wifiConnectCb);

    INFO("\r\nSystem started ...\r\n");
}
  • 在Makefile文件中添加静态链接库libssl.a

ssl_hmac_sha1()方法已经在静态链接库libssl.a内置中内置了,它和其他的库文件都放在:ESP8266_NONOS_SDK/lib目录下:

为了使用libssl.a,我们需要修改一下Makefile文件,添加libssl.a否则会出现链接错误。

nano Makefile

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第7张图片

添加到这里就可以了。对于库libssl.a,只需要写-lssl,这是规则。

ssl_hmac_sha1()方法在代码中可以直接使用,不需要加头文件。

  • 加密结果验证

加密结果是否正确,可以到下面的网址进行验证:

http://iot-face.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/tools.htm

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第8张图片

3.4 编译项目

  • 编译项目

./gen_misc.sh

输入5个参数,对于ESP8266-01/ESP8266-01S输入2 0 2 2 2

编译成功。

3.5 烧写

  • 烧写Flash

    ■ 第一次烧写命令

esptool.py --port /dev/ttyAMA0 write_flash 0x00000 eagle.flash.bin 0x10000 eagle.irom0text.bin 0xfb000 blank.bin 0xfc000 esp_init_data_default_v08.bin 0xfe000 blank.bin

    ■ 之后的烧写命令

esptool.py --port /dev/ttyAMA0 write_flash 0x00000 eagle.flash.bin 0x10000 eagle.irom0text.bin

在上一篇文章中我们已经烧写过了,所以:

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第9张图片

  • 运行程序

烧写完成后ESP8266-01会自动运行。

3.6 看阿里云上设备状态的变化

  • 烧写之前阿里云上的设备状态

在烧写时区先看看阿里云上的设备状态:

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第10张图片

在设备未连接到阿里云之前,设备状态是“未激活”。

  • 再看看阿里云上的设备状态

烧写完成后ESP8266会自动运行程序,如果程序正常,刷新阿里云设备页面:

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第11张图片

可以看到,设备已经“在线”了。

3.7 查看设备发送数据和阿里云接收数据

为了看到启动状态,可以让设备重新启动一次:

1) 断电

2) 启动minicom

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第12张图片

有关minicom的设置和操作请看《树莓派串口的使用》

https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/104711494

3) 上电

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第13张图片

每隔120秒可以看到心跳消息:

这是在文件include/mqtt_config.h中设置的:

#define MQTT_KEEPALIVE             120     /*心跳second*/

查看云端日志:

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第14张图片

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第15张图片

查看云端接收到的数据:

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第16张图片

3.8 云端发送消息到客户端(客户端订阅服务端消息)

  • 找到用户自定义Topic:/a10hJ4nAdAz/temperature001/user/get

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第17张图片

点击“发布消息”:

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第18张图片

点击“确认”,看minicom收到的消息:

收到topic: /a10hJ4nAdAz/temperature001/user/get的消息,数据: hello,your device t

  • 显示的数据不全

这只是minicom的设置问题,minicom默认不会自动换行,minicom启动后用下面的命令设置一下就好了。

Ctrl+A W:当显示的内容超过一行之后自动换行。

  • 服务端发送中文消息给客户端

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第19张图片

Minicom显示的是乱码:

用下面的命令启动minicom:

sudo env LANG=en_US minicom

ESP8266_SDK连接阿里云_第20张图片

中文显示正常了。

不要忘了用Ctrl+A W将自动换行打开。

  1. 简化minicom启动

为了显示中文,每次运行minicom的时候输入会很麻烦,我们修改一下.bashrc文件,在.bashrc里面加上如下代码:

alias minicom='sudo env LANG=en_US minicom'

下次直接用别名minicom启动就可以了。

 

参考文档:

  1. 电脑连接树莓派3B+
    https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/103332186
  2. 树莓派安装ESP8266_SDK开发环境
    https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/105296166
  3. 使用ESP8266(基于官方SDK)接入阿里云物联网平台
    https://blog.csdn.net/yannanxiu/article/details/81334230
  4. 自己写微信小程序MQTT模拟器https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/102507560
  5. 阿里云物联网平台基本设置-物模型
    https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/103559553
  6. 微信小程序MQTT模拟器 阿里云物联网平台测试https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/102216865
  7. 树莓派连接阿里云物联网平台-属性(nodejs)https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/103705694
  8. 树莓派连接阿里云物联网平台-服务(nodejs)https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/103754860
  9. 树莓派连接阿里云物联网平台-订阅(nodejs)https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/103769449
  10. 树莓派连接阿里云物联网平台-事件(nodejs)https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/103805559
  11. MQTTfx连接物联网云平台
    https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/101104351
    https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/104313968
  12. MQTT.fx脚本Scripts使用
    https://blog.csdn.net/chentuo2000/article/details/104252690
  13. MQTT.fx - HiveMQ MQTT Toolbox https://www.hivemq.com/blog/mqtt-toolbox-mqtt-fx/
  14. Linking the ESP8266 to a Raspberry Pi through MQTT
    https://www.penninkhof.com/2015/05/linking-the-esp8266-a-raspberry-pi-through-mqtt/
  15. mqttfx-manual
    https://github.com/Jerady/mqttfx-manual
  16. linux minicom 中文乱码问题
    https://blog.csdn.net/dongchangc/article/details/78773210?utm_source=blogxgwz6

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