python入门学习笔记----第十一章：测试代码
这里写目录标题
- 11.1 测试函数
- 11.1.2 可通过的测试
- 11.1.3 不能通过的测试
- 11.1.4 测试未通过怎么办
- 11.1.5 添加新测试
- 11.2 测试类
- 11.2.1 各种断言方法
- 11.2.2 一个要测试的类
- 11.2.4 方法setUp()
11.1 测试函数
1、编写name_function.py模块
def get_formatted_name(first, last):
"""生成整洁的姓名"""
full_name = first + ' ' + last
return full_name.title()
2、在names.py中测试
from name_function import get_formatted_name
print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.")
while True:
first = input("\nPlease give me a first name: ")
if first == 'q':
break
last = input("Please give me a last name: ")
if last == 'q':
break
formatted_name = get_formatted_name(first, last) #创建实例
print("\tNeatly formatted name: " + formatted_name + '.')
3、输出
Enter 'q' at any time to quit.
Please give me a first name: 胡
Please give me a last name: 猪猪
Neatly formatted name: 胡 猪猪.
Please give me a first name: 胡
Please give me a last name: q
11.1.2 可通过的测试
先导入模块unittest以及要测试的函数，再创建一个继承unittest.TestCase的类，并编写一系列方法对函数行为的不同方面进行测试。
1、在test_name_function.py中测试name_function.py里面的get-formatted_name()
#导入unittest模块
import unittest
#导入要测试的模块函数
from name_function import get_formatted_name
#创建NameTestCase类，继承unittest.TestCase父类
class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
"""测试name_function.py"""
#定义方法
def test_first_last_name(self):
"""能够正确地处理像Janis Joplin这样的姓名吗？"""
#创建实例，存储在formatted_name中
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
#断言方法，用来核实得到的结果是否和期望的结果一致
#两个参数进行比较
self.assertEqual(formatted_name, "Janis Joplin")
unittest.main()
2、输出
11.1.3 不能通过的测试
1、修改name_function.py，使其包含中间名
2、运行test_name_function.py，输出
E
======================================================================
ERROR: test_first_last_name (__main__.NamesTestCase)
能够正确地处理像Janis Joplin这样的姓名吗？
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/zdb/PycharmProjects/untitled/temp.py", line 14, in test_first_last_name
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
TypeError: get_formatted_name() missing 1 required positional argument: 'last'
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s
FAILED (errors=1)
进程已结束,退出代码1
11.1.4 测试未通过怎么办
测试未通过时，不要修改测试，而应修复导致测试不能通过的代码
1、使中间名变设置成可选的
def get_formatted_name(first, last, middle=''):
"""生成整洁的姓名"""
if middle:
full_name = first + ' ' + middle + ' ' + last
else:
full_name = first + ' ' + last
return full_name.title()
2、运行test_name_function.py，输出
11.1.5 添加新测试
添加一个包含中间名的测试
1、在NamesTestCase类中再添加一个方法：
#导入unittest模块
import unittest
#导入要测试的模块函数
from name_function import get_formatted_name
#创建NameTestCase类，继承unittest.TestCase父类
class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
"""测试name_function.py"""
#定义方法
def test_first_last_name(self):
"""能够正确地处理像Janis Joplin这样的姓名吗？"""
#创建实例，存储在formatted_name中
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
#断言方法，用来核实得到的结果是否和期望的结果一致
#两个参数进行比较
self.assertEqual(formatted_name, "Janis Joplin")
def test_first_last_middle_name(self):
"""能够正确地处理像Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart这样的姓名吗？"""
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('wolfgang', 'mozart', 'amadeus')
self.assertEqual(formatted_name, "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart")
unittest.main()
2、输出
11.2 测试类
11.2.1 各种断言方法
| 方法 | 用途 |
|---|---|
| assertEqual | 核实a == b |
| assertNotEqual | 核实a != b |
| assertTrue(x) | 核实x为True |
| assertFalse(x) | 核实x为False |
| assertIn(item, list) | 核实item在list中 |
| assertNotIn(item, list) | 核实item不在list中 |
11.2.2 一个要测试的类
1、创建survey.py
class AnonymousSurvey():
"""收集匿名调查问卷的答案"""
def __init__(self, question):
"""存储一个问题，并为存储答案做准备"""
self.question = question
self.responses = [] #答案设置空列表
def show_question(self):
"""显示调查问卷"""
print(self.question)
def store_response(self, new_response):
"""存储单份调查问卷"""
self.responses.append(new_response)
def show_results(self):
"""显示搜集到的所有问卷"""
print("Survey results:")
for response in self.responses:
print('- ' + response)
2、在language_survey.py中测试
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
#定义一个问题，并创建一个表示调查的AnonymousSurvey对象
question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
#显示问题并存储答案
my_survey.show_question()
print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.\n")
while True: #一直循环，直到输入q跳出
response = input("Language: ")
if response == 'q':
break
my_survey.store_response(response)
#显示调查结果
print("\nThank youto everyone who participated in the survey!")
my_survey.show_results()
3、输出
What language did you first learn to speak?
Enter 'q' at any time to quit.
Language: English
Language: python
Language: math
Language: q
Thank youto everyone who participated in the survey!
Survey results:
- English
- python
- math
进程已结束,退出代码0
1、测试survey.py中存储功能
import unittest #导入模块
from survey import AnonymousSurvey #导入要测试的类
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase): #继承了父类
"""针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试"""
def test_store_single_response(self):
"""测试单个答案会被妥善地存储"""
question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
my_survey= AnonymousSurvey(question) #创建实例
my_survey.store_response('English')
self.assertIn('English', my_survey.responses)
unittest.main()
2、输出
测试三个
import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
"""针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试"""
def test_store_single_response(self):
"""测试单个答案会被妥善地存储"""
question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
my_survey= AnonymousSurvey(question)
my_survey.store_response('English')
self.assertIn('English', my_survey.responses)
def test_store_three_responses(self):
"""测试三个答案会被妥善地存储"""
question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
responses = ['English', 'python', 'C']
for response in responses:
my_survey.store_response(response)
for response in responses:
self.assertIn(response, my_survey.responses)
unittest.main()
输出
11.2.4 方法setUp()
import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
"""针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试"""
def setUp(self):
"""创建一个调查对象和一组答案，供使用的测试方法使用"""
question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question) #创建一个调查对象
self.responses = ['English', 'python', 'C'] #创建一个答案列表，存储在属性中，有self
def test_store_single_response(self):
"""测试单个答案会被妥善地存储"""
self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
self.assertIn(self.responses[0], self.my_survey.responses)
def test_store_three_responses(self):
"""测试三个答案会被妥善地存储"""
for response in self.responses:
self.my_survey.store_response(response)
for response in self.responses:
self.assertIn(response, self.my_survey.responses)
unittest.main()