MySQL数据库の安装（三种方法）

MySQL的安装

（安装版本8以上）
一、rpm包安装

• yum源安装
  简单，但是速度慢
  yum源文件
  yum install 就可以了

• 下载rmp包安装
  mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
  

• 配置yum源
  安装过程中可能会存在依赖，修改安装网络源来解除依赖。
  安装阿里镜像源
  阿里源

• 卸载Mariadb
  rpm -e mariadb-libs postfix

• 安装mysql

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
mkdir mysql
tar xf mysql-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle\ \(1\).tar -C mysql
cd mysql
yum localinstall mysql-community-client-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-8.0.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

• 启动
  systemctl start mysqld
  找到root默认密码
  grep “temporary password” /var/log/mysqld.log

• 修改密码
  使用默认密码登录以后首先要改密码，之后才能进行操作

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost'IDENTIFIED BY 'ABC123@com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

二、通用二进制安装

• 下载glibc版本的mysql
  下载地址

• 安装依赖包

yum install -y make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel readline-devel libaio-devel perl libaio wget lrzsz libnuma* bzip2 xz

• 处理selinux

vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

setenforce 0

• 修改系统限制参数

[root@sr2 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
###custom
#
* soft   nofile       20480
* hard   nofile       65535
* soft   nproc        20480
* hard   nproc        65535

• 修改内核参数

[root@sr2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.swappiness=0
#增加tcp支持的队列数
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535
#减少断开连接时，资源回收
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 8000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 10
#改变本地的端口范围
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
#允许更多的连接进入队列
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 4096
#对于只在本地使用的数据库服务
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#端口监听队列
net.core.somaxconn=65535
#接受数据库的速率
net.core.netdev_max_backlog=65535
net.core.wmem_default=87380
net.core.wmem_max=16777216
net.core.rmem_default=87380
net.core.rmem_max=16777216
[root@sr2 ~]# sysctl -p

• 安装配置
  解压

[root@sr2 ~]# tar xf mysql-8.0.15-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz /opt/

   做软连接

[root@sr2 ~]# ln -s /opt/mysql-8.0.15-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

    用户创建

[root@sr2 ~]# groupadd mysql 
[root@sr2 ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin

    修改权限

[root@sr2 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql/*

   初始化数据库 (初始化数据库后在后面会生成个密码，记住这个密码，用它来进入数据库)

[root@sr2 ~]# cd /usr/loacl/mysql/
[root@sr2 mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

• 注释掉原有的配置文件（那是mariadb的配置文件）

[root@sr2 ~]# if [ -f /etc/my.cnf ]; then mv /etc/my.cnf "/etc/my.cnf.`date +%Y%m%d%H%m`.bak"; fi

• 创建配置文件

[root@sr2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#skip-grant-tables
server_id=10
port = 3306
user = mysql
character-set-server = utf8
default_storage_engine = innodb
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 1000
table_open_cache = 1024
max_allowed_packet = 128M
open_files_limit = 65535
####===============================[innodb]==========================================
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_purge_threads = 2
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size =16M
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 80
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextend

####===============================[log]=====================
log_error = /var/log/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql-slow.log
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

• 将mysql服务添加到系统服务中

cd /usr/local/mysql/
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

• 启动

chkconfig  --add mysqld
chkconfig  mysqld on
systemctl start mysqld

• 加入环境变量

[root@sr2 ~]# cd /etc/profile.d/
[root@sr2 profile.d]# vim mysql.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@sr2 profile.d]# source mysql.sh

• 登录之后修改密码