我们通常在面试中大量遇到的手撕代码的题无非就是以下几种:
死锁,几种排序算法(最常考的快速排序,归并排序),生产者消费者模式,单例模式
在多线程这边,我们通常需要掌握生产者消费者模式,生产者消费者模式我们可以用sychronized版本写,更加高阶的可以用Reentranlock版本+condition(条件变量)来写。
为了达到精准通知的目的,我们还可以使用ReentrantLock版本+多个condition(条件变量来写)。
sychronized版本:
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"线程A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"线程B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"线程C").start();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"线程D").start();
}
}
class Data{
private int number = 0;//定义初始数量为0
public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
while(number !=0) {
this.wait();
}
number++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
//通知其他线程,我自增完了
this.notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
while(number == 0) {
this.wait();
}
number--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
//通知其他线程,我自增完了
this.notifyAll();
}
}
ReentrantLock +单个condition(条件变量版本)
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
data.increment();
}
},"线程A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
data.decrement();
}
},"线程B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
data.increment();
}
},"线程C").start();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
data.decrement();
}
},"线程D").start();
}
}
class Data{
private int number = 0;
//创建lock锁
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
//通过kock锁建立条件变量
Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
//+1
public void increment() {
lock.lock();
try {
//业务代码
while(number !=0) {
condition.await();
}
number++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
//通知其他线程,我+1完毕了
condition.signalAll();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
//-1
public void decrement() {
lock.lock();
try {
//业务代码
while(number ==0) {
condition.await();
}
number--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
//通知其他线程,我-1完毕了
condition.signalAll();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
但是上述代码会出现一个问题,那就是通知的情况是随机性的,我们如果要达到精准通知的目的,我们需要用多个condition来达到精准通知的效果!
ReentrantLock +多个condition(条件变量版本)
package RentrantLockDemo;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Demo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data03 data =new Data03();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
data.printA();
}
},"线程A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
data.printB();
}
},"线程B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for(int i =0;i<10;i++) {
data.printC();
}
},"线程C").start();
}
}
class Data03{
//定义初始 的票数
private int number =1;//当为1的时候唤醒打印A,当为2的时候唤醒打印B,当为3的时候唤醒打印C
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
public void printA() {
lock.lock();
try {
//业务逻辑
while(number!=1) {
condition1.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>AAAAAAAAAAA");
number =2;
condition2.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void printB() {
lock.lock();
try {
while(number!=2) {
condition2.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>BBBBBBBBBBBB");
number =3;
condition3.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void printC() {
lock.lock();
try {
while(number!=3) {
condition3.await();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>ccccccccc");
number =1;
condition1.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
为了秋招更好的复习,所以会经常和大家分享一些平时的学习所得,如果有错误,也请大家指正!感谢大家!