GDAL获取栅格数据各个像素对应的经纬度（Python版）

这里要使用的一个比较重要的函数是GetGeoTransform函数，GDAL官网的API中对GetGeoTransform的解释如下：
CPLErr GDALDataset::GetGeoTransform ( double * padfTransform )
virtual
Fetch the affine transformation coefficients.

Fetches the coefficients for transforming between pixel/line (P,L) raster space, and projection coordinates (Xp,Yp) space.

Xp = padfTransform[0] + P*padfTransform[1] + L*padfTransform[2];
Yp = padfTransform[3] + P*padfTransform[4] + L*padfTransform[5];

In a north up image, padfTransform[1] is the pixel width, and padfTransform[5] is the pixel height. The upper left corner of the upper left pixel is at position (padfTransform[0],padfTransform[3]).

The default transform is (0,1,0,0,0,1) and should be returned even when a CE_Failure error is returned, such as for formats that don’t support transformation to projection coordinates.

This method does the same thing as the C GDALGetGeoTransform() function.

Parameters
padfTransform an existing six double buffer into which the transformation will be placed.
Returns
CE_None on success, or CE_Failure if no transform can be fetched.
Reimplemented in GDALProxyPoolDataset, VRTDataset, GDALPamDataset, GDALProxyDataset, and GDALGeorefPamDataset.

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我们将使用如下公式进行坐标的计算：

 Xgeo = GT(0) + Xpixel*GT(1) + Yline*GT(2)
 Ygeo = GT(3) + Xpixel*GT(4) + Yline*GT(5)

from osgeo import gdal

gdal.AllRegister()

filePath = '/home/theone/Data/GreatKhingan/DEM/Slope_GreatKhingan_500m.tif'
dataset = gdal.Open(filePath)

adfGeoTransform = dataset.GetGeoTransform()

# 左上角地理坐标
print(adfGeoTransform[0])
print(adfGeoTransform[3])

nXSize = dataset.RasterXSize #列数
nYSize = dataset.RasterYSize #行数

arrSlope = [] # 用于存储每个像素的（X，Y）坐标
for i in range(nYSize):
    row = []
    for j in range(nXSize):
        px = adfGeoTransform[0] + i * adfGeoTransform[1] + j * adfGeoTransform[2]
        py = adfGeoTransform[3] + i * adfGeoTransform[4] + j * adfGeoTransform[5]
        col = [px, py]
        row.append(col)
    arrSlope.append(row)

print(len(arrSlope))