四六级翻译

一 Introduction

Part 1

• 内容涉及中国的历史，文化，经济，社会发展等。

Part 2

• 准确表达原文的意思，用词贴切，行文流畅。

Part 3

• 积累主题词汇
• 掌握核心语法知识
• 强化训练
• 坚持打草稿和写

二 汉英语言的对比

1. 意合与形合
2. 动态与静态
3. 重复与省略
4. 首重与尾重

意合与形合

汉	英
词语或语句间连接主要凭借语义或语句间的逻辑关系来实现	词语或语句间的连接主要依仗连接词或语言形态手段来实现
竹节式	树状

• 中国结（the Chinese knot）最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为了一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。
  The Chinese knot, originally invented by craftsmen, has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts over hundreds of years' continuous improvement.

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• 丝绸之路延伸了6000多公里，得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国，南亚，欧洲和中东文明发挥了重要作用。
  It extends more than 6,000 kilometers,The Silk Road was named after ancient China's silk trade ,which played an important role in the eveloptment of the civilizations of China,South Asia,Eroupe and the Middle East.

动态与静态

汉	英
动词连用是汉语常见的现象	名词化是英语常见的现象
动词（词组）可以充当汉语句子的个中国成分	名词优势造成介词优势

• 大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。
  The giant panda is a kind of tame animal with unique black and white fur.

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• 中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。
  The Chinese garden has become a landscape of unique style after an evolution for more than 3000 years.

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重复与省略

汉	英
用词常重复	用词力戒重复，常用替代。省略和变换等表达方法避免重复

• 许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。
  Many westerners favour coffee,while Chinese tend to choose tea.

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• 系列报告包括三部分： 科学发展报告，高科技发展报告，中国可持续发展战略报告。
  The reports consist of three parts: science developtment, high-tech and sustainable developtment strategy of China.

首重与尾重

汉	英
汉语句中的定于通常放在所修饰的名词之前	英语中定语的位置可前可后

三 词的翻译

1. 词义选择
2. 词类转换
3. 词的增减

part 1 词义选择

1. 根据语境及搭配(context)
2. 巧妙处理难词

• ++农++业是国民经济的基础
  ++农++林牧渔互相结合的方针
  Agriculture is hte foundation of the national economy.
  a policy combining the farming, forestry, husbandry and fishery.

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• 剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。
  Paper cuttiongs are used to decorate doors,windows and rooms in order to enhance joyous atmosphere.

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• 平均10%的GDP增长已使五亿多人++脱贫++。
  The average 10% grownth of GDP has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty.

• 雾霾天气产生的原因很多，最主要的是空气质量的++恶化。
  There are many reasons for smog weather, among which the most important one is the worsening air quality.

part 2 词类转换

• 自从1987年++启动++改革以来，中国已经从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，并经历了经济和社会的快速发展。
  Since the very beginning of the reform in1987, China has transformed from a planned economy to an economy based on the market and undergone a rapid development of economy and society.
• 也就是说，土豪有钱，但没有品味。
  That is to say,tuhao owns money rather than taste.
• 精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地++差别++很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色，味道，口感和营养。
  A well-prepared Chinese cuisine is both delicious and good-looking.Although cooking skills and dish ingredients vary a lot in different regions of China, it is commonn for good cuisine to take color,aroma,taste and nutrition into account.

part 3 词的增减

• 增：连词、代词、冠词、补充说明的词等
• 减：重复出现的词或表范畴、无实质意义的词

• “你要茶还是要咖啡？”是用餐人常被问的题目。
  "Would you like tea or coffee?" This is what diners often have been asked.
• 传统的月饼上带有“寿（longevity）”、“福”或“和”等字样。
  Traditional moon cakes are imprinted/stamped with Chinese characters with such meanings as"longevity", "happiness"or"harmony".
• 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。
  The wit of three cobblers combined surpass that of Zhuge Liang, ++the master mind.++
• 随着技术与安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降到最低程度。
  With the improvement of technology and safety measures, the possibility of nuclear accidents can definitely be minimizied.

四 句的翻译（用英语思维）

part 1 确立主干

• 从动词入手，先确立句子的谓语动词，再确立主干或主句
• 确定修饰成分，如定于、状语、补语等，可用介词短语、非谓语动词形式或各种从句来表达

• 人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。
  And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health,wealth and good luck.
• 月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们讲月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或家庭聚会上享用。
  The moon cake, ++an indespensable delicious food of the Festival,++ is given as a gift to relatives and friends or enjoyed at family gatherings.

part 2 确立时态

part 3 语态转换

• 没有被动标记词的被动句
• 当中文的主语过于宽泛的时候
• 汉语中的无主语句
• 当按原语序直译时，出现英文句子头重脚轻的情况

• 要实现教育公平，需要合理配置（allocate）教育资源。
  To achieve educational equilty, education resources should be appropriately allocated.

part 4 语序调整

汉	英
重心在后： 由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论	重心在前：判断或结论等在前，事实或描写等在后

• 为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。
  It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and bring in good luck.
• 典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山（rockwork）、树木、花草以及各种各样有蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。
  A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries,trees,and flowers scattered in it.

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• 总结：翻译实质就是对信息的重组，要忠于原文，取其义，舍其形。
• ps: 这算是一篇课堂笔记吧。总觉得看网上的学习视频，如果不留下点什么，很快就会忘记，然后就跟没看一样，所以写了这篇笔记，也便日后翻阅。视频在此