使用ghettoVCB给VMware ESXi 下的虚拟机做热备份
ghettoVCB.sh 介绍
ghettoVCB.sh 此脚本主要是针对VMWare ESXi 备份、还原使用。目前能使用的版本有ESX(i)3.5/4.x/5.x，使用的方法类似VMware的VCB的工具执行备份。ghettoVCB.sh的工作流程大致为，执行虚拟机的快照，然后进行备份，当备份完成后会删除快照。而此脚本最大的特色为可在虚拟机在线时备份，而不用停机备份。
本文准载自：http://blog.faq-book.com/?p=6158
ghettoVCB.sh 设定
一、准备工作
开启VMWare ESXi SSH
1. 开启SSH
[Configuration] → [Security Profile] → [Properties]
2. [SSH] → [Options] → [Start]
放置ghettoVCB文件
在放置ghettoVCB文件可分为两种方式，选一种来用就行了。
方式一 :
上传文件
1.下载ghettoVCB
2. 上传lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz
把刚刚下载好的lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz上传到ESXi Server。
使用VMware vSphere Client上传
[Configuration] → [Storage] → [datastore1] → [Browse Datastore]
3.选择档案要存放的路径，然后点
，选Upload File
4. 上传完成后，会看到刚上传好的lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz，如果没出线的话可按一下
方式二 :
下载档案
1. 使用SSH 登入ESXi Server
2. 下载档案
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~ # cd /vmfs/volumes/datastore1
~ # wget http://download.faq-book.com/download/System/VMware/ghettoVCB
/ lamw - ghettoVCB - 518cef7.tar.gz
Connecting to download . faq - book . com ( 61.66.28.156 : 80 )
lamw - ghettoVCB - 518ce 100 % | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 15425 0 : 00 : 00 ETA
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3. 查看档案
查看档案会看到已下载完成的lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz
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~# ls
ISO VM1 VM2
VM3 lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz
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二、ghettoVCB.sh安装与设定
在开始安装之前有一点要注意一下
由于ESXi重开机之后会把某些资料删除，因此会建议把此文件留在datastore1此硬盘空间内，才不会因重开机后文件就被删除了。
[ Note]
因5.1版为最新版本，而 ghettoVCB 尚未更新至最新板。如果是使用VMware ESXi 5.1版的，在 ghettoVCB.sh 以下有个地方要修改。要不然在使用上会出现版本序号有问题。
[Note]
若是下载 ghettoVCB-master版本的无需修改以下配置
大约在第231行会看到以下程式码，请加入|| [[ "${ESX_VERSION}" == "5.1.0" ]]。多加上5.1版本的判断。
这边有修改好的ghettoVCB.sh
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~ # vi ghettoVCB.sh
# 修改前
230 ESX_VERSION = $ ( vmware - v | awk '{print $3}' )
231 if [ [ "${ESX_VERSION}" == "5.0.0" ] ] ; then
232 VER = 5
# 修改后
230 ESX_VERSION = $ ( vmware - v | awk '{print $3}' )
231 if [ [ "${ESX_VERSION}" == "5.0.0" ] ] || [ [ "${ESX_VERSION}" == "5.1.0" ] ] ; then
232 VER = 5
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修改前
修改后
1. 安装
基本上datastore1的路径为/vmfs/volumes/datastore1
解tar后会看到ghettoVCB.sh，此脚本正是所需要的
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~# cd /vmfs/volumes/datastore1
~# tar -zxvf lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7.tar.gz
~# cd lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7
~# ls
README ghettoVCB-restore.sh
ghettoVCB-vm_backup_configuration_template ghettoVCB.conf
ghettoVCB-restore_vm_restore_configuration_template ghettoVCB.sh
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2. 相关设定档参数说明
2.1 ghettoVCB.sh 设定档
说明ghettoVCB.sh 设定档内常用的设定
这边有修改好的ghettoVCB.sh设定档，提供下载参考
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~ # vi ghettoVCB.sh
# Author: William Lam
# Created Date: 11/17/2008
# http://www.virtuallyghetto.com/
# http://communities.vmware.com/docs/DOC-8760
################################################## ################
# directory that all VM backups should go (eg /vmfs/volumes/SAN_LUN1/mybackupdir)
# 设定备份后的储存位置，可自行修改储存位置。
VM_BACKUP_VOLUME = / vmfs / volumes / dlgCore - NFS - bigboi . VM - Backups / WILLIAM_BACKUPS
# Format output of VMDK backup
# zeroedthick
# 2gbsparse
# thin
# eagerzeroedthick
# 定义备份的硬碟格式，想了解硬碟格式说明请参考「VMware vSphere(ESXi) 虚拟硬碟格式介绍」
DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT = thin
# Number of backups for a given VM before deleting
# 定义备份保留的数量
VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT = 3
# Shutdown guestOS prior to running backups and power them back on afterwards
# This feature assumes VMware Tools are installed, else they will not power down and loop forever
# 1=on, 0 =off
# 虚拟机POWER OFF时不会要求snapshotting (enable=1,disable=0)
POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP = 0
# enable shutdown code 1=on, 0 = off
# 定义没有安装VMware Tools的虚拟机是否可以在硬碟POWER OFF时启用"POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP"
ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF = 0
# if the above flag "ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF "is set to 1, then will look at this flag which is the # of iterations
# the script will wait before executing a hard power off, this will be a multiple of 60seconds
# (eg) = 3, which means this will wait up to 180seconds (3min) before it just powers off the VM
# 如果启用"ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF"此定义执行强制关闭时会倒数运算，单位3为3分钟180秒
ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN = 3
# Number of iterations the script will wait before giving up on powering down the VM and ignoring it for backup
# this will be a multiple of 60 (eg) = 5, which means this will wait up to 300secs (5min) before it gives up
# 设定POWER DOWN的时间。等待关闭时VM会放弃或忽略特定的VM备份。单位5为5分钟300秒
POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT = 5
# enable compression with gzip+tar 1=on, 0=off
# 备份是否启用压缩(enable=1,disable=0)
ENABLE_COMPRESSION = 0
############################
####### NEW PARAMS #########
############################
# Include VMs memory when taking snapshot
# 是否启用VM 虚拟机的快照记忆体(enable=1,disable=0)
VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY = 0
# Quiesce VM when taking snapshot (requires VMware Tools to be installed)
# 是否启用对停止的VM 虚拟机使用快照(需有安装VMware Tools)
VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE = 0
################################################## ########
# NON-PERSISTENT NFS-BACKUP ONLY
#
# ENABLE NON PERSISTENT NFS BACKUP 1=on, 0=off
# 接下来为NFS的相关设定
# 以下是给不想让NFS与系统长期连接的设定。允许只在备份的过程中连接到NFS，
并使用到以下6个变数。
#定义非持久性的NFS备份
ENABLE_NON_PERSISTENT_NFS = 0
# umount NFS datastore after backup is complete 1=yes, 0=no
# 是否要卸载NFS(yes=1,no=0)
UNMOUNT_NFS = 0
# IP Address of NFS Server
# NFS Server 的地址(ip或主机名)
NFS_SERVER = 172.51.0.192
# Path of exported folder residing on NFS Server (eg /some/mount/point )
# NFS 存放档案的路径
NFS_MOUNT = / upload
# Non-persistent NFS datastore display name of choice
# NFS 资料存放地方的名称
NFS_LOCAL_NAME = backup
# Name of backup directory for VMs residing on the NFS volume
# 虚拟机上NFS备份的目录
NFS_VM_BACKUP_DIR = mybackups
############################
######### EMAIL ############
############################
# 以下是MAIL 发送LOG的设定
# Email debug 1=yes, 0=no
# 是否发送debug的LOG，这是做为测试使用
EMAIL_DEBUG = 0
# Email log 1=yes, 0=no
# 是否要透过电子邮件来发送备份LOG (yes=1,no=0)
EMAIL_LOG = 0
# Email Delay Interval from NC (netcat) - default 1
# 设定每封mail之间发送的延迟时间。
EMAIL_DELAY_INTERVAL = 1
# Email SMTP server
# Email 的SMTP server的ip或网址
EMAIL_SERVER = auroa . primp - industries . com
# Email SMTP server port
# 设定mail 所使用的port
EMAIL_SERVER_PORT = 25
# Email FROM
# 寄件人的mail
EMAIL_FROM = root @ ghettoVCB
# Email RCPT
# 收件人的mail
EMAIL_TO = auroa @ primp - industries . com
########################## DO NOT MODIFY PAST THIS LINE ################## ########
# RSYNC LINK 1=yes, 0 = no
RSYNC_LINK = 0
LOG_LEVEL = "info"
VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP = "all"
# default 15min timeout
# 设定等待VM快照的时间，在等待关闭时会放弃和忽略特定备份的VM
SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT = 15
LAST_MODIFIED_DATE = 2011_11_19
VERSION = 1
VERSION_STRING = $ { LAST_MODIFIED_DATE } _ $ { VERSION }
# Directory naming convention for backup rotations (please ensure there are no spaces!)
VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION = "$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)"
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2.2 ghettoVCB.sh 参数使用说明
以下是ghettoVCB.sh相关参数的使用说明
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~# ./ghettoVCB.sh
Loggingoutputto"/tmp/ghettoVCB-2012-10-16_15-46-10.log"...
2012-10-1615:46:10--info:ERROR:Incorrectnumberofarguments!
################################################## #############################
#
# ghettoVCB for ESX/ESXi 3.5, 4.x+ and 5.0
# Author: William Lam
# http://www.virtuallyghetto.com/
# Documentation: http://communities.vmware.com/docs/DOC-8760
# Created: 11/17/2008
# Last modified: 2011_11_19 Version 1
#
################################################## #############################
Usage:./ghettoVCB.sh-f[VM_BACKUP_UP_LIST]-c[VM_CONFIG_DIR]-l[LOG_FILE]-d[DEBUG_LEVEL]-g[GLOBAL_CONF]-e[VM_EXCLUSION_LIST]
OPTIONS:
-a BackupallVMsonhost
(备份主机上所有的虚拟机)
-f ListofVMstobackup
(针对List名单内的虚拟机备份)
-c VMconfigurationdirectoryforVMbackups
(VM配置目录forVM备份)
-g PathtoglobalghettoVCBconfigurationfile
-l Filetooutputlogging
(将LOG记录写到指定档案内)
-d Debuglevel[info|debug|dryrun](default:info)
(Debug测试，不会产生备份)
(e.g.)
BackupVMsstoredinalist
只备份list内的虚拟机
./ghettoVCB.sh-fvms_to_backup
BackupallVMsresidingonthishost
全部备份
./ghettoVCB.sh-a
BackupallVMsresidingonthishostexceptfortheVMsintheexclusionlist
除了 排除清单(vm_exclusion_list)上的虚拟机外，剩下的都备份
./ghettoVCB.sh-a-evm_exclusion_list
BackupVMsbasedonspecificconfigurationlocatedindirectory
根据vm_backup_configs中特定配置来备份vms_to_backup内指定的虚拟机
./ghettoVCB.sh-fvms_to_backup-cvm_backup_configs
BackupVMsusingglobalghettoVCBconfigurationfile
备份虚拟机时使用ghettoVCB.conf此设定档来备份vms_to_backup内指定的虚拟机
./ghettoVCB.sh-fvms_to_backup-g/global/ghettoVCB.conf
Outputwilllogto/tmp/ghettoVCB.log(considerloggingtolocalorremotedatastoretopersistlogs)
输出的记录到/tmp/ghettoVCB.log(可自行设定LOG所储存的路径和档案)
./ghettoVCB.sh-fvms_to_backup-l/vmfs/volume/local-storage/ghettoVCB.log
Dryrun(nobackupwilltakeplace)
Debug测试，不会产生备份
./ghettoVCB.sh-fvms_to_backup-ddryrun
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3. 操作范例
在了解相关参数和设定之后，就用一个比较简单的范例来实作一次。
以下的操作请都在「lamw-ghettoVCB-518cef7」资料夹内操作
3.1建立备份List表
在开始操作之前，先来建立vms_to_backup
List的名称可自己设定
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~ # vi vms_to_backup
#加入要指定的虚拟机名称
Linux
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3.2 Debug 测试备份
用来排除故障是相当好用的
此模式执行后会提供更详细的讯息，内容包括备份档案和LOG存放的路径，以及备份使用到的空间相关讯息。
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~# ./ghettoVCB.sh -f vms_to_backup -d debug
Loggingoutputto"/tmp/ghettoVCB-2012-10-16_13-20-15.log"...
Insufficientarguments.
2012-10-1613:20:15--info:==========ghettoVCBLOGSTART===========
2012-10-1613:20:15--debug:Succesfullyacquiredlockdirectory–/tmp/ghettoVCB.lock
2012-10-1613:20:15--debug:HOSTVERSION:VMwareESXi5.0.0build-469512
2012-10-1613:20:15--debug:HOSTLEVEL:VMwareESXi5.0.0GA
2012-10-1613:20:16--debug:HOSTNAME:localhost
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VERSION=2012_10_16_1
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-GHETTOVCB_PID=450122
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VM_BACKUP_VOLUME=/vmfs/volumes/datastore1/backup/backup
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT=3
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION
=2011-12-27_13-37-15
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT=thin
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP=0
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF=0
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN=3
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT=5
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT=15
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-LOG_LEVEL=debug
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-BACKUP_LOG_OUTPUT=/tmp/ghettoVCB-2011-12-27_13-37-15.log
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY=0
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE=0
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP=all
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:CONFIG-EMAIL_LOG=0
2012-10-1613:20:16--info:
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:StorageInformationbeforebackup:
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:SRC_DATASTORE:datastore1
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_CAPACITY:267.2GB
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_FREE:146.2GB
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE:1
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:SRC_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE:256GB
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:DST_DATASTORE:datastore1
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:DST_DATASTORE_CAPACITY:267.2GB
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:DST_DATASTORE_FREE:146.2GB
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE:1
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:DST_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE:256GB
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:
2012-10-1613:20:19--debug:getVMDKs()-linux.vmdk###100:
2012-10-1613:20:19--info:Initiatebackupforlinux
2012-10-1613:20:19--info:CreatingSnapshot"ghettoVCB-snapshot-2012-10-16"forlinux
2012-10-1613:
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