EC3-37 用accumulate或for_each来统计区间

需要用一些灵活的自定义的方式统计区间时可以用accumulate或for_each(accumulate在中)。
accumulate的简单用法:

vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int sum = accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);//求和 sum=15

需要注意的是,第三个参数为初始值,它的类型需要和统计的类型相同,例如:

vector<double> v = {1.1, 2.2};
int sum = accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0.0);//正确 sum = 3.300000

下面是错误的例子,第三个参数为int 0,函数则以int型保存结果,导致最终sum=3.0,且编译运行正常:

vector<double> v = {1.1, 2.2};
int sum = accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);//错误! sum = 3.000000

accumulate也可以使用自定义的统计函数,例如求区间的积(使用标准
multiplies仿函数类):

vector<double> v = {1.1, 2.0};
double sum = accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 1.0, multiplies<double>());

复杂一些的例子,计算二维点的平均值,Point定义如下:

struct Point 
{
	Point(double initX, double initY): x(initX), y(initY) {}
	double x, y;
};

调用accumulate:

vector<Point> v = {Point(1, 2), Point(3, 2), Point(-2, 4)};
Point avg = accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), Point(0, 0), PointAverage());

PointAverage是仿函数类的对象,定义如下:

class PointAverage
{
	public:
	PointAverage(): numPoints(0), xSum(0), ySum(0) {}
	const Point operator()(const Point& avgSoFar, const Point& p) 
	{
		++numPoints;
		xSum += p.x;
		ySum += p.y;
		return Point(xSum/numPoints, ySum/numPoints);
	}
	private:
	size_t numPoints;
	double xSum;
	double ySum;
};

用for_each也可以实现同样的功能,调用:

Point avg = for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), PointAverage()).result();

PointAverage代码:

class PointAverage:
public unary_function<Point, void> 
{
	public:
	PointAverage(): xSum(0), ySum(0), numPoints(0) {}
	void operator()(const Point& p)
	{
		++numPoints;
		xSum += p.x;
		ySum += p.y;
	}
	Point result() const
	{
		return Point(xSum/numPoints, ySum/numPoints);
	}
	private:
	size_t numPoints;
	double xSum;
	double ySum;
};

你可能感兴趣的:(其他)