Spring Boot自动配置注解@EnableAutoConfiguration解密

  
  Spring boot为了自动配置，增加了注解@EnableAutoConfiguration。一般只需要配置@SpringBootApplication即可，为什么呢？

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

  很明显的，这个注解就是三个常用的注解@SpringBootConfiguration，@EnableAutoConfiguration以及@ComponentScan组合在一起。
  @SpringBootConfiguration这个注解实际上和@Configuration有相同的作用，配备了该注解的类就能够以JavaConfig的方式完成一些配置，可以不再使用XML配置。
  @ComponentScan这个注解完成的是自动扫描的功能，相当于Spring XML配置文件中的：，可以使用basePackages属性指定要扫描的包，以及扫描的条件。如果不设置的话默认扫描@ComponentScan注解所在类的同级类和同级目录下的所有类，所以对于一个Spring Boot项目，一般会把入口类放在顶层目录中，这样就能够保证源码目录下的所有类都能够被扫描到。

  
  @EnableAutoConfiguration注解代码如下：

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

  这个注解是让Spring Boot的配置能够如此简化的关键性注解。那么这个注解到底是怎么生效的呢？
  在SpringApplication的run方法中，会调用context = createApplicationContext();

	protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
		Class contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
		if (contextClass == null) {
			try {
				contextClass = Class.forName(this.webEnvironment
						? DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS : DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new IllegalStateException(
						"Unable create a default ApplicationContext, "
								+ "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
						ex);
			}
		}
		return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass);
	}

  这里的DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS值是org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext，DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS值是org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext。在实例化它们的时候都会实例化一个AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader。例如AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext实例化代码：

	public AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext() {
		this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
		this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);
	}

  这里将构造AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader，在AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader实例化过程中，会向beanFactory注册CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor、AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor、ConfigurationClassPostProcessor等：

public AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, Environment environment) {
		Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null");
		Assert.notNull(environment, "Environment must not be null");
		this.registry = registry;
		this.conditionEvaluator = new ConditionEvaluator(registry, environment, null);
		AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(this.registry);
	}

public static Set registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(
			BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, Object source) {

		DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = unwrapDefaultListableBeanFactory(registry);
		if (beanFactory != null) {
			if (!(beanFactory.getDependencyComparator() instanceof AnnotationAwareOrderComparator)) {
				beanFactory.setDependencyComparator(AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
			}
			if (!(beanFactory.getAutowireCandidateResolver() instanceof ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver)) {
				beanFactory.setAutowireCandidateResolver(new ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver());
			}
		}
	
		Set beanDefs = new LinkedHashSet(4);
	
		if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(CONFIGURATION_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.class);
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, CONFIGURATION_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
		}
	
		if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
		}
	
		if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(REQUIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, REQUIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
		}
	
		// Check for JSR-250 support, and if present add the CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.
		if (jsr250Present && !registry.containsBeanDefinition(COMMON_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, COMMON_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
		}
	
		// Check for JPA support, and if present add the PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.
		if (jpaPresent && !registry.containsBeanDefinition(PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition();
			try {
				def.setBeanClass(ClassUtils.forName(PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_CLASS_NAME,
						AnnotationConfigUtils.class.getClassLoader()));
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new IllegalStateException(
						"Cannot load optional framework class: " + PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_CLASS_NAME, ex);
			}
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, PERSISTENCE_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
		}
	
		if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(EVENT_LISTENER_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(EventListenerMethodProcessor.class);
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, EVENT_LISTENER_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
		}
		if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(EVENT_LISTENER_FACTORY_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(DefaultEventListenerFactory.class);
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, EVENT_LISTENER_FACTORY_BEAN_NAME));
		}
	
		return beanDefs;
	}

  也就是说createApplicationContext()完后，beanFactory的beanDefinitionMap会有6个值。

  
  SpringApplication的run方法中，在调用createApplicationContext();后会调用prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,printedBanner)：

	private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
			ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
			ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
	    // …略
	    
		// Load the sources
		Set