Thrift 基础(C++ rpc )

一、thrift简介

thrift是Facebook开源的一套rpc框架，目前被许多公司使用
我理解的特点

1. 使用IDL语言生成多语言的实现代码，程序员只需要实现自己的业务逻辑
2. 支持序列化和反序列化操作，底层封装协议，传输模块
3. 以同步rpc调用为主，使用libevent evhttp支持http形式的异步调用
4. rpc服务端线程安全，客户端大多数非线程安全
5. 相比protocol buffer效率差些，protocol buffer不支持rpc，需要自己实现rpc扩展，目前有grpc可以使用

由于thrift支持序列化和反序列化，并且支持rpc调用，其代码风格较好并且使用方便，对效率要求不算太高的业务，以及需要rpc的场景，可以选择thrift作为基础库

层次图：

二、编译(thrift for c++ && centos7)

1、官网获取源码包 thrift-0.11.0.tar.gz 解压

tar zxvf thrift-0.11.0.tar.gz

2、安装依赖

yum -y install automake libtool flex bison pkgconfig gcc-c++ boost-devel libevent-devel zlib-devel python-devel ruby-devel openssl-devel

3、编译boost
使用boost_1_63_0.tar.gz

./bootstrap.sh
./b2

4、编译thrift
源码根目录运行

./configure && make
sudo make install

5、验证安装

thrift -version
显示 Thrift version 0.11.0

三、编写使用IDL编写.thrift文件

这里给出一个thrift的IDL基本语法列表，详细用法可以去官网查找

namespace cpp thrift.Test
//typedef 用法
typedef i32 MyInt32;
typedef string MyString;
typedef i32 UserId;
//struct 结构定义
struct TypedefTestStruct
{
    1: MyInt32 field_MyInt32;
    2: MyString field_MyString;
    3: i32 field_Int32;
    4: string filed_string;
}
//enum 枚举定义
enum Numberz
{
    ONE = 1,
    TWO,
    THREE,
    FIVE = 5,
    SIX,
    EIGHT = 8
}
//const 用法
const Numberz myNumberz = Numberz.ONE;
struct Bonk
{
    1: string message,
    2: i32 type
}
//类型嵌套
struct Xtruct
{
    1: string string_thing,
    2: i8 byte_thing,
    3: i32 i32_thing,
    4: i64 i64_thing
}
struct Xtruct2
{
    1: i8 byte_thing,
    2: Xtruct struct_thing,
    3: i32 i32_thing
}
//支持map list set类型分别对应C++中的 map = stl::map list = stl::vector set = stl::set
typedef map MapType
struct Insanity
{
    1: map userMap;
    2: list xtructs;
}
struct CrazyNesting
{
    1: string string_field,
    2: optional set set_field;
    3: required list, map>>>>> list_field,
    4: binary binary_field
}
//union用法
union SomeUnion
{
    1: map map_thing,
    2: string string_thing,
    3: i32 i32_thing,
    4: Xtruct3 xtruct_thing,
    5: Insanity insanity_thing
}
//exception 异常
exception Xception
{
    1: i32 errorCode,
    2: string message
}
exception Xception2
{   
    1: i32 errorCode,
    2: Xtruct struct_thing
}
// empty struct
struct EmptyStruct{}
struct OneField
{
    1: EmptyStruct field;
}
//service 定义的一组rpc服务,一般是抽象出来的接口调用
service ThriftTest
{
    void testVoid(),
    string testString(1: string thing),
    bool testBool(1: bool thing),
    i8 testByte(1: i8 thing),
    i32 testI32(1: i32 thing),
    i64 testI64(1: i64 thing),
    Xtruct testStruct(1: Xtruct thing),
    Xtruct2 testNest(1: Xtruct2 thing),
    map testStringMap(1: map thing),
    set testSet(1: set thing),
    list testList(1: list thing),
    Numberz testEnum(1: Numberz thing),
    map> testMapMap(1: i32 hello),
    map> testInsanity(1: Insanity argument),
    Xtruct testMulti(1: i8 arg0, 2: i32 arg1, 3: i64 arg2, 4: map arg3, 5: Numberz arg4, 6: UserId arg5),
    void testException(1: string arg) throws(1: Xception err1),
    Xtruct testMultiException(1: string arg0, 2: string arg1) throws(1: Xception err1, 2: Xception2 err2),
    oneway void testOneway(1:i32 secondsToSleep)
}

四、使用thrift文件生成C++代码

1、生成同步调用的C++代码

thrift -r --gen cpp xxx.thrift

2、生成异步调用的C++代码(同时同步调用的代码也被生成)

thrift --gen cpp:cob_style xxx.thrift 

五、thrfit同步调用

1、StressTest.thrift文件

namespace cpp test.stress
service Service {
  void echoVoid(),
  i8 echoByte(1: i8 arg),
  i32 echoI32(1: i32 arg),
  i64 echoI64(1: i64 arg),
  string echoString(1: string arg),
  list  echoList(1: list arg),
  set  echoSet(1: set arg),
  map  echoMap(1: map arg),
}

2、使用thrift -r --gen cpp StressTest.thrift 生成代码
gen-cpp目录有

StressTest_types.h StressTest_types.cpp StressTest_constants.h StressTest_constants.cpp Service.h Service.cpp Service_server.skeleton.cpp 

生成
StressTest_types.h StressTest_constants.h 为相关类型定义文件
Service_server.skeleton为服务端需要的实现文件

3、代码实现
服务端:

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "Service.h"
using namespace ::apache::thrift;
using namespace ::apache::thrift::protocol;
using namespace ::apache::thrift::transport;
using namespace ::apache::thrift::server;
using namespace  ::test::stress;
class ServiceHandler : virtual public ServiceIf {
 public:
  ServiceHandler() {
  }
  void echoVoid() {
    // Your implementation goes here
    printf("echoVoid\n");
  }
  int8_t echoByte(const int8_t arg) {
    printf("echoByte %c\n", arg);
    return arg;
  }
  int32_t echoI32(const int32_t arg) {
    printf("echoI32\n");
    return arg;
  }
  int64_t echoI64(const int64_t arg) {
    printf("echoI64\n");
    return arg;
  }
  void echoString(std::string& _return, const std::string& arg) {
    printf("echoString\n");
  }
  void echoList(std::vector & _return, const std::vector & arg) {
    printf("echoList\n");
  }
  void echoSet(std::set & _return, const std::set & arg) {
    printf("echoSet\n");
  }
  void echoMap(std::map & _return, const std::map & arg) {
    printf("echoMap\n");
  }
};

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  int port = 9090;
  stdcxx::shared_ptr handler(new ServiceHandler());
  stdcxx::shared_ptr processor(new ServiceProcessor(handler));
  stdcxx::shared_ptr protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocolFactory());
  stdcxx::shared_ptr serverTransport(new TNonblockingServerSocket(port));
  stdcxx::shared_ptr threadFactory = std::shared_ptr(new PlatformThreadFactory());
  stdcxx::shared_ptr threadManager = ThreadManager::newSimpleThreadManager(10);

  threadManager->threadFactory(threadFactory);
  threadManager->start();

  stdcxx::shared_ptr server(new TNonblockingServer(processor, protocolFactory, serverTransport, threadManager));

  server->serve();
  
  return 0;
}

我们需要实现ServiceHandler继承ServiceIf的相关接口，ServiceHandler是负责相关rpc调用业务的功能实现，
thrift服务器模型基本模型有四种、SimpleServer ThreadedServer ThreadPoolServer NoBlockingServer
SimpleServer 简单的单线程模型
ThreadedServer 一个线程一个连接
ThreadPoolServer 线程池
NoBlockingServer 基于libevent的IO复用模型 libevent在linux平台是基于epoll的reactor模型
还有一个异步Server模型TEvhttpServer 基于libevent的evhttp
这里服务端使用了非阻塞epoll实现的thrift服务端模型

客户端:

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "Service.h"

using namespace  ::test::stress;
using namespace apache::thrift;
using namespace apache::thrift::protocol;
using namespace apache::thrift::transport;

int main()
{
    ::apache::thrift::stdcxx::shared_ptr socket(new TSocket("localhost", 9090));
    ::apache::thrift::stdcxx::shared_ptr transport(new TFramedTransport(socket));
    ::apache::thrift::stdcxx::shared_ptr protocol(new TBinaryProtocol(transport));
    ServiceClient client(protocol);
    transport->open();
    std::cout << "client echoByte byte=" << client.echoByte('A') << std::endl;
    std::cout << "send_echoByte('B')" << std::endl;
    client.send_echoByte('B');
    std::cout << "send_echoByte('C')" << std::endl;
    client.send_echoByte('C');
    std::cout << "recv_echoByte()" << client.recv_echoByte() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "recv_echoByte()" << client.recv_echoByte() << std::endl;
    transport->close();
    return 0;
}

客户端使用则比较简单，Service.h定义了相关接口，ServiceClient则是rpc客户类
TTransport new TFramedTransport(socket) 这里创建基于socket的传输层
TProtocol 协议层，序列化后的数据存储方式，这里以TBinaryProtocol 二进制存储

六、thrift异步调用

1、thrift文件同同步调用一致
2、使用thrift --gen cpp:cob_style StressTest.thrift 生成代码

StressTest_types.h StressTest_types.cpp StressTest_constants.h StressTest_constants.cpp Service.h Service.cpp Service_server.skeleton.cpp Service_async_server.skeleton.cpp

Service_server.skeleton.cpp 同步代码用不到
Service_async_server.skeleton.cpp则为http的异步实现
服务端：

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "Service.h"

using namespace ::apache::thrift;
using namespace ::apache::thrift::protocol;
using namespace ::apache::thrift::transport;
using namespace ::apache::thrift::async;

using namespace  ::test::stress;

class ServiceHandler : virtual public ServiceIf {
public:
    ServiceHandler() {
    }

    void echoVoid() {
        printf("echoVoid\n");
    }

    int8_t echoByte(const int8_t arg) {
        printf("echoByte %c\n", arg);
        return arg;
    }

    int32_t echoI32(const int32_t arg) {
        printf("echoI32\n");
        return arg;
    }

    int64_t echoI64(const int64_t arg) {
        printf("echoI64\n");
        return arg;
    }

    void echoString(std::string& _return, const std::string& arg) {
        printf("echoString %s\n", arg.c_str());
        _return = arg;
    }

    void echoList(std::vector & _return, const std::vector & arg) {
        printf("echoList\n");
    }

    void echoSet(std::set & _return, const std::set & arg) {
        printf("echoSet\n");
    }

    void echoMap(std::map & _return, const std::map & arg) {
        printf("echoMap\n");
    }

};

class ServiceAsyncHandler : public ServiceCobSvIf {
 public:
  ServiceAsyncHandler() {
    syncHandler_ = std::auto_ptr(new ServiceHandler);
    // Your initialization goes here
  }
  virtual ~ServiceAsyncHandler(){}

  void echoVoid(::apache::thrift::stdcxx::function cob) {
    syncHandler_->echoVoid();
    return cob();
  }

  void echoByte(::apache::thrift::stdcxx::function cob, const int8_t arg) {
    int8_t _return = 0;
    _return = syncHandler_->echoByte(arg);
    return cob(_return);
  }

  void echoI32(::apache::thrift::stdcxx::function cob, const int32_t arg) {
    int32_t _return = 0;
    _return = syncHandler_->echoI32(arg);
    return cob(_return);
  }

  void echoI64(::apache::thrift::stdcxx::function cob, const int64_t arg) {
    int64_t _return = 0;
    _return = syncHandler_->echoI64(arg);
    return cob(_return);
  }

  void echoString(::apache::thrift::stdcxx::function cob, const std::string& arg) {
    std::string _return;
    syncHandler_->echoString(_return, arg);
    return cob(_return);
  }

  void echoList(::apache::thrift::stdcxx::function  const& _return)> cob, const std::vector & arg) {
    std::vector  _return;
    syncHandler_->echoList(_return, arg);
    return cob(_return);
  }

  void echoSet(::apache::thrift::stdcxx::function  const& _return)> cob, const std::set & arg) {
    std::set  _return;
    syncHandler_->echoSet(_return, arg);
    return cob(_return);
  }

  void echoMap(::apache::thrift::stdcxx::function  const& _return)> cob, const std::map & arg) {
    std::map  _return;
    syncHandler_->echoMap(_return, arg);
    return cob(_return);
  }
  
 protected:
  std::auto_ptr syncHandler_;
};

int main()
{
    ::apache::thrift::stdcxx::shared_ptr asynProcessor(new ServiceAsyncProcessor(
                            ::apache::thrift::stdcxx::shared_ptr(new ServiceAsyncHandler())));

    ::apache::thrift::stdcxx::shared_ptr asynProtocolProcessor(new TAsyncProtocolProcessor(asynProcessor,
                            ::apache::thrift::stdcxx::shared_ptr(new TBinaryProtocolFactory())));

    TEvhttpServer server(asynProtocolProcessor, 9999);
    server.serve();
    
    return 0;
}

这里实现ServiceHandler的相关业务接口即可实现rpc服务端的相关功能

客户端：

#include "Service.h"
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

using namespace  ::apache::thrift;
using namespace  ::apache::thrift::transport;
using namespace  ::apache::thrift::protocol;
using namespace  ::apache::thrift::async;
using namespace  ::apache::thrift::concurrency;
using namespace  ::test::stress;

class MyClient : public ServiceCobClient
{
public:
    MyClient(stdcxx::shared_ptr channel, TProtocolFactory* protocolFactory)
        : ServiceCobClient(channel, protocolFactory)
    {

    }
    virtual ~MyClient(){}

    virtual void completed__(bool success)
    {
        if (success)
        {
            std::cout << "completed" << std::endl;
        }
        else
        {
            std::cout << "completed failed" << std::endl;
        }
    }

    void my_send_byte()
    {
        std::cout << "begin my_send_byte" << std::endl;
        stdcxx::function cob = stdcxx::bind(&MyClient::recv_byte_callback, this, stdcxx::placeholders::_1);
        echoByte(cob, 'A');
        std::cout << "end my_send_byte" << std::endl;
    }

    void my_send_string()
    {
        std::cout << "begin my_send_string" << std::endl;
        stdcxx::function cob = stdcxx::bind(&MyClient::recv_string_callback, this, stdcxx::placeholders::_1);
        echoString(cob, "test asynclient");
        std::cout << "end my_send_string" << std::endl;
    }

    void recv_byte_callback(ServiceCobClient* client)
    {
        std::cout << "recv_byte_callback" << std::endl;
        _res_byte = recv_echoByte();
        std::cout << "_res_byte =" << _res_byte << std::endl;
    }

    void recv_string_callback(ServiceCobClient* client)
    {
        std::cout << "recv_string_callback" << std::endl;
        recv_echoString(_res_string);
        std::cout << "_res_string=" << _res_string << std::endl;
    }
private:
    char _res_byte;
    std::string _res_string;
};

class ClientThread : public Runnable
{
public:
    ClientThread(event_base* base, std::string & host, int port)
        : _base(base), _host(host), _port(port)
    {
    }
    virtual ~ClientThread(){}
    virtual void run()
    {
        stdcxx::shared_ptr  channel1(new TEvhttpClientChannel(_host, "/", _host.c_str(), _port, _base));
        stdcxx::shared_ptr  channel2(new TEvhttpClientChannel(_host, "/", _host.c_str(), _port, _base));

        MyClient client1(channel1, new TBinaryProtocolFactory());
        MyClient client2(channel2, new TBinaryProtocolFactory());

        client1.my_send_byte();
        client1.my_send_string();

        client2.my_send_byte();
        client2.my_send_string();

        while (1)
        {
            client1.my_send_byte();
            sleep(1);
        }
    }
protected:
private:
    event_base* _base;
    std::string _host;
    int _port;
};

int main()
{
    std::string host = "192.168.119.129";
    int port = 9999;

    event_base* base = event_base_new();

    stdcxx::shared_ptr threadFactory = std::shared_ptr(new PlatformThreadFactory());
    stdcxx::shared_ptr threadManager = ThreadManager::newSimpleThreadManager(10);

    threadManager->threadFactory(threadFactory);
    threadManager->start();

    stdcxx::shared_ptr thread = threadFactory->newThread(std::shared_ptr(new ClientThread(base, host, port)));
    thread->start();

    event_base_dispatch(base);
    event_base_free(base);

    return 0;
}

客户端则实现了MyClient，MyClient继承公共的rpc服务接口，提供了异步回调的recv_byte_callback，recv_string_callback函数， ClientThread的线程函数的实现则对MyClient异步客户端进了测试

七、简单总结

通过这两天的学习，简单总结一下这个库
1、thrift的C++代码实现很漂亮，很规范，适合学习阅读
2、thrift可以满足很多基本的rpc调用场景
3、本文只是简单写了thrift的用法，想深入了解这个库的，其内部实现还是需要花时间好好研究

作者 [@karllen][3]
2018 年 09月 15日
QQ群: 347769318

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Forever-Kenlen-Ja/p/9649724.html