LNMP：Linux+Nginx+MySql+PHP
Nginx的正确读法应该是Engine X
我们使用CentOS自带的YUM来安装
镜像源切换
先把YUM源切换成国内的镜像源
先备份一下原来的源镜像文件
# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
下载新的CentOS-Base.repo
#wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
如果没有安装wget的话可以使用#yum install wget安装完成之后，在执行CentOS-Base.repo的安装
对/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo源文件配置文件，改为不生效
enable=0
YUM缓存生成
#yum clean all #yum makecache #yum update
安装Nginx
YUM源中没有Nginx，我们需要增加一个nginx的源nginx.repo
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
源文件的内容
[nginx] name=nginx repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1
查看Nginx是否配置成功
#yum list nginx
已加载插件：fastestmirror nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 nginx/7/x86_64/primary_db | 18 kB 00:00:04 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 可安装的软件包 nginx.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx
#yum list |grep nginx
nginx.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-debug.x86_64 1:1.8.0-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-geoip.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-njs.x86_64 1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2.0.0.20160414.1c50334fbea6-2.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-perl.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-xslt.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64 1:1.10.2-1.el7.ngx nginx nginx-nr-agent.noarch 2.0.0-10.el7.ngx nginx pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64 3.10.6-2.el7 base
安装成功后，就可以直接安装nginx了
#yum -y install nginx
安装的就是Nginx官网的最新版本
指定安装的版本：
yum install nginx-1.12.2#nginx #启动Nginx
nginx相关配置文件：
默认的配置文件在 /etc/nginx 路径下，使用该配置已经可以正确地运行nginx；
如需要自定义，修改其下的 nginx.conf 等文件即可；
可以使用curl命令查看是否安装成功
#curl 127.0.0.1
如果安装成功的话，就会看到输出一个HTML的一个反馈
DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.orga>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.coma>.p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.em>p>
body>
html>
开机启动设置
#systemctl enable nginx
#systemctl daemon-reload
安装MySql（5.7）
官网：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
#rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
查看5.7版本是否已经启用
#yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 启用: 24 mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sourc 禁用 mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 启用: 38 mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source 禁用 mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools Preview 禁用 mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source 禁用 mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server 禁用 mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sourc 禁用 mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 禁用 mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sourc 禁用 mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 启用: 146 mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sourc 禁用 mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 禁用 mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
如果没有启用的话，我们可以修改源文件
#/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
[mysql57-community] name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
把enabled改为1就可以了，其他的版本改为0
[mysql-connectors-community] name=MySQL Connectors Community baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql [mysql-tools-community] name=MySQL Tools Community baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql # Enable to use MySQL 5.5 [mysql55-community] name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql # Enable to use MySQL 5.6 [mysql56-community] name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql [mysql57-community] name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql [mysql80-community] name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql [mysql-tools-preview] name=MySQL Tools Preview baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
修改完成之后查看可用的版本
#yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 24 mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 38 mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 146
如果看到5.7版本启用了之后就可以安装MySql了
#yum -y install mysql-community-server
安装完成之后，就可以启动mysql了
#service mysqld start
查看MySql的启动状态
#service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since 日 2017-05-23 22:51:48 CST; 3min 14s ago Process: 36884 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 36810 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 36887 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─36887 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 5月 23 22:51:45 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... 5月 23 22:51:48 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. 5月 23 22:52:24 192.168.0.14 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
开机启动设置
#systemctl enable mysqld
#systemctl daemon-reload
MySql安装完成之后会在LOG文件(/var/log/mysqld.log)中生成一个root的默认密码
#grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2017-05-23T14:51:45.705458Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: d&sqr7dcf7P_
登录MySql并修改root密码
#mysql -uroot -p mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new psd';
扩展阅读：mysql的密码策略
mysql>show variables like '%password%';
+---------------------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------------+--------+ | default_password_lifetime | 0 | | disconnect_on_expired_password | ON | | log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF | | mysql_native_password_proxy_users | OFF | | old_passwords | 0 | | report_password | | | sha256_password_proxy_users | OFF | | validate_password_check_user_name | OFF | | validate_password_dictionary_file | | | validate_password_length | 8 | | validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 | | validate_password_number_count | 1 | | validate_password_policy | MEDIUM | | validate_password_special_char_count | 1 | +---------------------------------------+--------+ 14 rows in set (0.01 sec)
默认的密码策略
validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略
validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要
validate_password_length：密码最少长度
validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个
validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个
validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个
修改密码策略
在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置：
# 选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件 validate_password_policy=0
修改默认编码
在/etc/my.cnf配置文件的[mysqld]下添加编码配置：
[mysqld] character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
重启mysql，是修改生效
#systemctl restart mysqld
远程登录用户添加
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO 'lmc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '1qazXsw@' WITH GRANT OPTION; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
查看用户
mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;
+-----------+-----------+ | host | user | +-----------+-----------+ | % | lmc | | localhost | mysql.sys | | localhost | root | +-----------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
由于开始没有关闭SELinux，引起mysql连接失败的解决：
http://www.jianshu.com/p/ddd3ce15cb84
安装PHP7
安装 EPEL源
EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)是基于Fedora的一个项目，为“红帽系”的操作系统提供额外的软件包，适用于RHEL、CentOS和Scientific Linux。首先需要安装一个叫”epel-release”的软件包，这个软件包会自动配置yum的软件仓库。当然你也可以不安装这个包，自己配置软件仓库也是一样的。
rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
安装 WEBTATIC 源
对于服务器而言，最为常见的即是提供 web 服务，而对于 web 服务中常用的一些软件，在系统默认的源下，一般版本较低，如若需要使用相对较新的版本（如 PHP），WEBTATIC 源是一个很好的选择。
rpm -ivh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
查看yum软件仓库里面有没有 PHP
yum search php71w
安装php及扩展
yum install php71w php71w-fpm \
php71w-cli php71w-common php71w-devel php71w-gd \
php71w-pdo php71w-mysql php71w-mbstring php71w-bcmath \
php71w-pecl-redis php71w-ldap php71w-mcrypt
启动php
systemctl start php-fpm #启动
systemctl stop php-fpm #关闭
systemctl restart php-fpm #重启
php-fpm配置文件位置：（/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf）
修改
user =nginx
group=nginx
启动php-fpm配置nginx
修改配置文件之前记得备份
1.nginx配置文件位置：（/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf）
修改web root目录（如果没有需求也可以不用修改，使用默认即可）：
root /wwwdata/html;
location ~ \.php$ { root /usr/share/nginx/html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }