C++核心准则ES.49:如果必须进行类型转换,使用命名转换

ES.49: If you must use a cast, use a named cast

ES.49:如果必须进行类型转换,使用命名转换

 

Reason(原因)

Readability. Error avoidance. Named casts are more specific than a C-style or functional cast, allowing the compiler to catch some errors.

可读性。避免错误。命名转换比C风格转换或函数形式转换更明确,允许编译器捕捉更多错误。

The named casts are:

命名转换包括:

  • static_cast

  • 静态转换

  • const_cast

  • 常量转换

  • reinterpret_cast

  • 重新解释转换

  • dynamic_cast

  • 动态转换

  • std::move // move(x) is an rvalue reference to x

  • 移动//move(x)是x的右值引用

  • std::forward // forward(x) is an rvalue or an lvalue reference to x depending on T

  • 值性转递//根据T的类型,forward(x)是左值或右值引用

  • gsl::narrow_cast // narrow_cast(x) is static_cast(x)

  • 窄化转换//narrow_cast(x)就是static_cast(x)

  • gsl::narrow // narrow(x) is static_cast(x) if static_cast(x) == x or it throws narrowing_error

  • 窄化转换(抛出异常)//如果static_cast(x) == x,narrow(x) 就是 static_cast(x),否则抛出异常

 

Example(示例)

class B { /* ... */ };
class D { /* ... */ };

template D* upcast(B* pb)
{
    D* pd0 = pb;                        // error: no implicit conversion from B* to D*
    D* pd1 = (D*)pb;                    // legal, but what is done?
    D* pd2 = static_cast(pb);       // error: D is not derived from B
    D* pd3 = reinterpret_cast(pb);  // OK: on your head be it!
    D* pd4 = dynamic_cast(pb);      // OK: return nullptr
    // ...
}

The example was synthesized from real-world bugs where D used to be derived from B, but someone refactored the hierarchy. The C-style cast is dangerous because it can do any kind of conversion, depriving us of any protection from mistakes (now or in the future).

示例是从实际代码中收集的的错误集合,这段代码的前提是D过去继承于B,但有人重构了继承关系。C风格转换的危险性来自它可以是任何类型的转换,这抹杀了任何防错保护的可能性(无论是现在还是未来)。

 

Note(注意)

When converting between types with no information loss (e.g. from float to double or from int32 to int64), brace initialization may be used instead.

如果希望在类型之间进行无损转换(例如从float到double,或者从int32到int64),可以考虑转而使用大括号初始化。

double d {some_float};
int64_t i {some_int32};

This makes it clear that the type conversion was intended and also prevents conversions between types that might result in loss of precision. (It is a compilation error to try to initialize a float from a double in this fashion, for example.)

这种方式一方面明确了类型转换的意图,另一方面可以防止转换时损失精度。(例如,在如代码所示的情况下,如果使用double值初始化float变量,会发生编译错误)

 

Note(注意)

reinterpret_cast can be essential, but the essential uses (e.g., turning a machine address into pointer) are not type safe:

reinterpret_cast是必不可少的,但是这种必要的用法(例如,将机器地址转换为指针)不是类型安全的。

auto p = reinterpret_cast(0x800);  // inherently dangerous

Enforcement(实施建议)

  • Flag C-style and functional casts.

  • 对C风格和函数形式转换进行提醒

  • The type profile bans reinterpret_cast.

  • 类型规则群组禁止reinterpret_cast.

  • The type profile warns when using static_cast between arithmetic types.

  • 类型规则群组对在算数类型之间进行转换时使用static_cast的情况进行警告。

 

译者注:

C风格转换:b = int(a);

函数形式转换:b=int(a);

 

原文链接

https://github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines/blob/master/CppCoreGuidelines.md#es49-if-you-must-use-a-cast-use-a-named-cast

 


 

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