ASP.NET MVC5 C# Entity Framework 连接 Oracle 数据库
ASP.NET MVC5 C# Entity Framework 连接 Oracle 数据库
- 创建数据库
- 安装 Entity Framework
- 配置数据库连接字符串
- 添加实体模型类
- 添加数据库上下文类
- 添加控制器类
- 运行测试
创建数据库
创建【全局数据库名】为 demodb 的Oracle数据库，用 SYSTEM 用户连接成功后创建【用户名】为 DJIANG 的用户，并授予该用户 DBA 角色
安装 Entity Framework
在 Visual Studio 中新建一个 MVC 项目，我这里新建了一个【项目名称】为 OracleEFDemo 的 MVC 项目，在 NuGet包管理器 中同时下载安装 Oracle.ManagedDataAccess 和 Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.EntityFramework
安装完成后项目的 Web.config 文件内容如下：
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
<section name="oracle.manageddataaccess.client" type="OracleInternal.Common.ODPMSectionHandler, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess, Version=4.122.19.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" />
configSections>
<appSettings>
<add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
<add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
<add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
appSettings>
<system.web>
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.7.2" />
<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.7.2" />
system.web>
<runtime>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Antlr3.Runtime" publicKeyToken="eb42632606e9261f" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.5.0.2" newVersion="3.5.0.2" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-11.0.0.0" newVersion="11.0.0.0" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.6.5135.21930" newVersion="1.6.5135.21930" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.2.7.0" newVersion="5.2.7.0" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<publisherPolicy apply="no" />
<assemblyIdentity name="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess" publicKeyToken="89b483f429c47342" culture="neutral" />
dependentAssembly>
assemblyBinding>
runtime>
<system.codedom>
<compilers>
<compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.CSharpCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:default /nowarn:1659;1699;1701" />
<compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.VBCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:default /nowarn:41008 /define:_MYTYPE=\"Web\" /optionInfer+" />
compilers>
system.codedom>
<entityFramework>
<defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
<parameters>
<parameter value="v13.0" />
parameters>
defaultConnectionFactory>
<providers>
<provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
<provider invariantName="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" type="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.EntityFramework.EFOracleProviderServices, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.EntityFramework, Version=6.122.19.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" />
providers>
entityFramework>
<system.data>
<DbProviderFactories>
<remove invariant="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" />
<add name="ODP.NET, Managed Driver" invariant="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" description="Oracle Data Provider for .NET, Managed Driver" type="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleClientFactory, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess, Version=4.122.19.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" />
DbProviderFactories>
system.data>
<oracle.manageddataaccess.client>
<version number="*">
<dataSources>
<dataSource alias="SampleDataSource" descriptor="(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ORCL))) " />
dataSources>
version>
oracle.manageddataaccess.client>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="OracleDbContext" providerName="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" connectionString="User Id=oracle_user;Password=oracle_user_password;Data Source=oracle" />
connectionStrings>
configuration>
配置数据库连接字符串
对 Web.config 文件如下部分做修改：
样板：
<oracle.manageddataaccess.client>
<version number="*">
<dataSources>
<dataSource alias="Oracle数据库用户名" descriptor="(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=数据库IP地址)(PORT=端口号))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=Oracle全局数据库名))) " />
dataSources>
version>
oracle.manageddataaccess.client>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="连接字符串名" providerName="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" connectionString="User Id=Oracle数据库用户名;Password=Oracle数据库用户名对应的密码;Data Source=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=数据库IP地址)(PORT=端口号))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=Oracle全局数据库名)))" />
connectionStrings>
修改前：
<oracle.manageddataaccess.client>
<version number="*">
<dataSources>
<dataSource alias="SampleDataSource" descriptor="(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ORCL))) " />
dataSources>
version>
oracle.manageddataaccess.client>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="OracleDbContext" providerName="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" connectionString="User Id=oracle_user;Password=oracle_user_password;Data Source=oracle" />
connectionStrings>
修改后：
<oracle.manageddataaccess.client>
<version number="*">
<dataSources>
<dataSource alias="DJIANG" descriptor="(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=demodb))) " />
dataSources>
version>
oracle.manageddataaccess.client>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="OracleDbContext" providerName="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" connectionString="User Id=DJIANG;Password=F123456789f;Data Source=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=demodb)))" />
connectionStrings>
完整的 Web.config 文件内容如下：
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
<section name="oracle.manageddataaccess.client" type="OracleInternal.Common.ODPMSectionHandler, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess, Version=4.122.19.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" />
configSections>
<appSettings>
<add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
<add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
<add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
appSettings>
<system.web>
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.7.2" />
<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.7.2" />
system.web>
<runtime>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Antlr3.Runtime" publicKeyToken="eb42632606e9261f" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.5.0.2" newVersion="3.5.0.2" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-11.0.0.0" newVersion="11.0.0.0" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.6.5135.21930" newVersion="1.6.5135.21930" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.2.7.0" newVersion="5.2.7.0" />
dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<publisherPolicy apply="no" />
<assemblyIdentity name="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess" publicKeyToken="89b483f429c47342" culture="neutral" />
dependentAssembly>
assemblyBinding>
runtime>
<system.codedom>
<compilers>
<compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.CSharpCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:default /nowarn:1659;1699;1701" />
<compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb" type="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.VBCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" warningLevel="4" compilerOptions="/langversion:default /nowarn:41008 /define:_MYTYPE=\"Web\" /optionInfer+" />
compilers>
system.codedom>
<entityFramework>
<defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
<parameters>
<parameter value="v13.0" />
parameters>
defaultConnectionFactory>
<providers>
<provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
<provider invariantName="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" type="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.EntityFramework.EFOracleProviderServices, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.EntityFramework, Version=6.122.19.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" />
providers>
entityFramework>
<system.data>
<DbProviderFactories>
<remove invariant="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" />
<add name="ODP.NET, Managed Driver" invariant="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" description="Oracle Data Provider for .NET, Managed Driver" type="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleClientFactory, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess, Version=4.122.19.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" />
DbProviderFactories>
system.data>
<oracle.manageddataaccess.client>
<version number="*">
<dataSources>
<dataSource alias="DJIANG" descriptor="(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=demodb))) " />
dataSources>
version>
oracle.manageddataaccess.client>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="OracleDbContext" providerName="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" connectionString="User Id=DJIANG;Password=F123456789f;Data Source=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=demodb)))" />
connectionStrings>
configuration>
添加实体模型类
在 Models 文件夹中，添加实体模型类 Student.cs ，代码如下：
namespace OracleEFDemo.Models
{
public class Student
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
}
}
添加数据库上下文类
在 OracleEFDemo 项目中创建名为 DAL 的文件夹，在 DAL 文件夹中，添加数据库上下文类 OracleDbContext.cs ，代码如下：
using OracleEFDemo.Models;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions;
namespace OracleEFDemo.DAL
{
public class OracleDbContext : DbContext
{
//base("OracleDbContext")中的字符串参数为Web.config文件中的连接字符串名
//可以传递连接字符串本身，如果未显式指定连接字符串名称，实体框架将假定该连接字符串名称与类名称相同
public OracleDbContext() : base("OracleDbContext")
{
}
public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
//modelBuilder.HasDefaultSchema("DJIANG")中的字符串参数为 Oracle数据库用户名（大写）
modelBuilder.HasDefaultSchema("DJIANG");
//默认在数据库中生成的表名为实体模型类名的复数形式,modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove语句中的 OnModelCreating 方法会阻止表名变为复数形式
modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();
}
}
}
添加控制器类
在 Controllers 文件夹中，添加控制器类 StudentController.cs ，代码如下：
using OracleEFDemo.DAL;
using OracleEFDemo.Models;
using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace OracleEFDemo.Controllers
{
public class StudentController : Controller
{
private readonly OracleDbContext db = new OracleDbContext();
public string Add()
{
Student student = new Student
{
Name = "djiang",
Age = 18
};
db.Students.Add(student);
db.SaveChanges();
return "添加成功";
}
//释放数据库上下文实例
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
db.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
}
}
运行测试
运行测试：http://localhost:49982/Student/Add，如果返回“添加成功”提示信息，用名为 DJIANG 的用户连接【全局数据库名】为 demodb 的数据库，其表中有一张名为 Student 的表，由EF自动创建，里面添加了一条数据