2017/7/19

译文赏析-3

北京雾霾：北京雾霾天气形成的原因

• Beijing smog: where it came from
• Contributors to the toxic smog hovering over Beijing
• Sources of the toxic smog haunting the capital

之前有专家指出北京雾霾天气形成的主要污染源来自机动车，但是国庆期间北京机动车辆稀少，但北京雾霾依旧，这一说法不攻自破，那究竟北京雾霾是什么引起的呢？如今北京雾霾天气引发世界关注，都说北京是“吸烟区”，那么让我们来好好了解一下它成为“吸烟区”的原因吧！

• Some experts previously attributed the murky gray haze to vehicle exhausts, but the smog lingered on/didn’t go/remained out there even when roads in the capital were much less crowded/there was much less traffic on the road during the National Day holiday. As such, the claim proved wrong/the expert claim, in this sense, doesn’t hold water/ the expert claim is unjustified. What essentially contributes to the suffocating smog in the city then? Smog in the capital has aroused/arrested/captured worldwide attention, winning the city the nickname of “smoking section”. Let’s take a long, hard look at how Beijing has become infamous/notorious for its persistent smog.

根据相关资料显示，机动车、燃煤、扬尘对pm2.5的贡献率超过了50%，因此这三项也成为了北京空气环境质量的三大重要污染源。

• Relevant data/figures/statistics show/suggest/indicate that motor vehicle emissions, the burning of coal and construction dusts combined contribute over 50% to PM2.5 (particulate matters with less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter), constituting the three leading pollutants behind Beijing’s poor AQI performance.

• According to relevant data available, the top three pollutants to blame for Beijing’s poor AQI performance are vehicle exhausts, the burning of coal and construction dusts, which account for over 50% of PM2.5 combined.

数据显示，雾霾并非单由机动车排放造成，此前媒体曾报道北京周边地区的工业排放也是重要原因之一。

• Vehicle exhaust is not the one and only culprit for smog in the city. As the data suggests, the smog also came from industrial areas in its neighborhood.

同时气象专家解释，气候问题气象专家指出，秋冬交替的静稳天气和污染物排放总量过大是此轮雾霾主要原因。

• Climate change experts argue/contend/claim/assert that the persistent smog settling/hovering over the city was largely attributable to the static stability of the weather and excessive overall emissions as autumn turned to winter.

持续性静稳天气和高气溶胶浓度是雾霾形成和维持的重要因素，其形成后有利于气溶胶不断积聚和凝聚，并形成更多雾滴，增加雾霾持续性。

• Persistent static stability of the weather/the persistent lack of strong wind and high intensity of aerosol are what it takes to form/generate/give rise to a lingering smog. Once smog is formed, aerosols concentrate in the atmosphere to form more fog droplets that help sustain smog.

北京雾霾的其他原因：钢铁厂

• Other smog-causing factors: iron and steel mills

国庆期间虽然没有多少机动车行驶，但华北地区发电主要依靠煤炭，这样让PM2.5浓度增加，并且煤炭在生产使用和运输中都会产生有害粉尘，加上北京周边钢铁生产大省河北即使是长假期间是不停产的。这个时期气候稳定，以及北京西部和北部有山脉阻挡，没有强气流经过，因此连续数日的雾霾很难散去。例如我国的兰州和美国的洛杉矶也是同样的问题，地理和气候原因使其在一年内某个时期雾霾污染严重。

• PM2.5 reading increased during the National Day holiday when there was much less traffic on the road, not least because North China relies heavily on coal-fired power generation. Beyond that/Alongside that/On top of that/additionally, hazardous/toxic coal dusts are unavoidably spread in the process of production, transportation and consumption. The National-Day increase in PM2.5 reading also came as a result of the fact that heavy industrial manufacturers went about their business as usual in neighboring Hebei Province, a major center for iron- and steel-making. Beijing was shrouded in the persistent smog for days running due to persistently windless, stagnant conditions with mountain barriers in its west and north. The same is true for Lanzhou City, north of Beijing, and Los Angeles in the US.

如何治理北京雾霾？

• Approaches to fighting/battling smog

此前有媒体称北京雾霾为“末日空气”，成为了大家的热点话题，落后的重污染工业布局、巨大的煤炭消耗、庞大的机动车保有量、低水平的油品和排放标准以及局地气候和地形都是造成雾霾的原因。雾霾已成为公共健康的巨大威胁。但要治理好,必须依靠产业和能源升级。各级政府必须加强协调才能尽快驱散雾霾。

• There has been much talk about the term "airpocalypse" or "airmageddon" coined by some media to describe the severe smog hovering over the city. Smog can be caused by multiple factors, including outdated/outmoded heavy-polluting industrial mix, huge/enormous coal consumption, numerous vehicles on the road/large car ownership, low/undemanding fuel and emission standards as well as smog-prone climate and terrain. Smog poses a critical threat to public health/smog is now a serious health threat/hazard. Smog treatment dictates industrial and energy upgrading, and governments at different levels must act in concert if this bout of smog is to disperse soon/quickly.