1.语法
load data [local] inpath '/opt/module/datas/student.txt' [overwrite] into table student [partition (partcol1=val1,…)];
(1)load data:表示加载数据
(2)local:表示从本地加载数据到hive表;否则从HDFS加载数据到hive表
(3)inpath:表示加载数据的路径
(4)overwrite:表示覆盖表中已有数据,否则表示追加
(5)into table:表示加载到哪张表
(6)student:表示具体的表
(7)partition:表示上传到指定分区
2.案例
加载本地文件到hive中
创建一张表
create table student(
id string, name string
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';
加载本地文件到hive
load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/student.txt' into table default.student;
加载HDFS文件到hive中
上传文件到HDFS
dfs -put /opt/module/datas/student.txt /user/liun/hive;
加载HDFS上数据
load data inpath '/user/liun/hive/student.txt' into table default.student;
加载数据覆盖表中已有的数据,overwrite
load data inpath '/user/liun/hive/student.txt' overwrite into table default.student;
1.创建一张分区表
create table student(
id int, name string
) partitioned by (month string) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';
2.基本插入数据
insert into table student partition(month='201909') values(1,'liu');
3.基本模式插入(根据单张表查询结果)
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201908')
select id, name from student where month='201909';
4.多插入模式(根据多张表查询结果)
from student
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201907')
select id, name where month='201909'
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201906')
select id, name where month='201909';
注:insert into追加,insert overwrite覆盖
create table if not exists student2 as select id, name from student;
注意创建表后面不能指定列字段名
1.创建表,并指定在hdfs上的位置
create table if not exists student5(
id int, name string
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
location '/user/hive/warehouse/student4';
2.上传数据到hdfs上
dfs -put /opt/module/datas/student.txt /user/hive/warehouse/student4;
3.查询数据
select * from student4;
注意:先用export导出后,再将数据导入。因为export导出数据带有元数据信息。表中不能有数据。
import table student2 partition(month='201909') from '/user/hive/warehouse/export/student';
1.将查询的结果导出到本地
insert overwrite local directory '/opt/module/datas/export/student'
select * from student;
2.将查询的结果格式化导出到本地
insert overwrite local directory '/opt/module/datas/export/student1'
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
select * from student;
3.将查询的结果导出到HDFS上(没有local)
insert overwrite directory '/user/liun/student2'
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
select * from student;
dfs -get /user/hive/warehouse/student/ /opt/module/datas/export/student.txt;
基本语法:(hive -f/-e 执行语句或者脚本 > file)
bin/hive -e 'select * from default.student;' > /opt/module/datas/export/student2.txt;
export table default.student to '/user/hive/warehouse/export/student';
注意:Truncate只能删除管理表,不能删除外部表中数据
truncate table student;