基于scrapy的可配置爬虫，大大提高工作效率
原理说明
基于spalsh或者selenium的渲染后HTML，通过配置文件解析，入库。 提高了效率，一天可以写几十个配置dict，即完成几十个网站爬虫的编写。
配置文件说明:
{
"industry_type": "政策", # 行业类别
"website_type": "央行", # 网站/微信公众号名称
"url_type": "中国人民银行-条法司-规范性文件", # 网站模块
"link": "http://www.pbc.gov.cn/tiaofasi/144941/3581332/index.html", # 访问链接
"article_rows_xpath": '//div[@id="r_con"]//table//tr/td/font[contains(@class, "newslist_style")]',
# 提取文章列表xpath对象
"title_xpath": "./a", # 提取标题
"title_parse": "./@title", # 提取标题
"title_link_xpath": "./a/@href", # 提取标题链接
"date_re_switch": "False", # 是否使用正则提取日期时间
"date_re_expression": "", # 日期时间正则表达式
"date_xpath": "./following-sibling::span[1]", # 提取日期时间
"date_parse": "./text()", # 提取日期时间
"content": '//*[@class="content"]', # 正文HTML xpath
"prefix": "http://www.pbc.gov.cn/", # link前缀
"config": "{'use_selenium':'False'}" # 其他配置：是否使用selenium（默认使用spalsh）
},
复制代码完整代码参考
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
需求列表:使用任何资讯网站的抓取
央行：
http://www.pbc.gov.cn/tiaofasi/144941/3581332/index.html
http://www.pbc.gov.cn/tiaofasi/144941/144959/index.html
公安部：
https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254314/n2254487/
https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2253534/n2253535/index.html
http://www.qth.gov.cn/xxsbxt/sxdw/gajxx/
'''
from risk_control_info.items import BIgFinanceNews
import dateparser
from w3lib.url import canonicalize_url
from urllib.parse import urljoin
import scrapy
from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest
from risk_control_info.utils import make_md5, generate_text, clean_string
import re
script = """
function main(splash, args)
splash.images_enabled = false
splash:set_user_agent("{ua}")
assert(splash:go(args.url))
assert(splash:wait(args.wait))
return splash:html()
end""".format(
ua="Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.157 Safari/537.36")
class BigFinanceAllGovSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'big_finance_all_gov'
custom_settings = {
'RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY': True,
'DOWNLOAD_DELAY': 60 / 360.0,
'CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP': 8,
'DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES': {
'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723,
'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810,
# 'risk_control_info.middlewares.SplashProxyMiddleware': 843, # 代理ip,此方法没成功
'risk_control_info.middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddleware': 843,
'risk_control_info.middlewares.SeleniumMiddleware': 844
},
# 入库
'ITEM_PIPELINES': {
'risk_control_info.pipelines.RiskControlInfoPipeline': 401,
'risk_control_info.pipelines.MysqlPipeline': 402,
},
'SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES': {
'risk_control_info.middlewares.RiskControlInfoSpiderMiddleware': 543,
'scrapy_splash.SplashDeduplicateArgsMiddleware': 100,
},
}
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__()
self.env = kwargs.get('env', 'online')
def start_requests(self):
for target in self.target_info():
if target.get('title_xpath') and target.get('title_link_xpath') \
and target.get('date_xpath') and target.get('article_rows_xpath'):
self.logger.info(f"目标网站可配置爬虫信息:{target}")
# 使用selenium
if target.get("config") and eval(eval(target.get("config")).get('use_selenium')):
self.logger.info(f"使用 Selenium 请求 {target['link']}")
yield scrapy.Request(url=target['link'],
meta={
"target": target,
"use_selenium": True
},
callback=self.parse,
)
else:
# 默认使用 Splash
self.logger.info(f"使用 Splash 请求 {target['link']}")
yield SplashRequest(url=target['link'],
meta={"target": target},
callback=self.parse,
# endpoint='execute',
# args={
# 'lua_source': script,
# 'wait': 8},
endpoint='render.json',
args={
# 'lua_source': script,
# 'proxy': f"http://{proxy_ip_dict['ip']}:{proxy_ip_dict['port']}",
'wait': 10,
'html': 1,
'png': 1
},
)
def parse(self, response):
target = response.meta['target']
article_rows = response.xpath(target['article_rows_xpath'])
# 遍历所有文字列表
for article_row in article_rows:
item = BIgFinanceNews()
# 处理标题
_article_row = article_row.xpath(target['title_xpath']) # 定位标题
item['title'] = clean_string(
generate_text(_article_row.xpath(target['title_parse']).extract_first().strip())) # 解析标题
# 处理链接
if target.get('prefix'):
item['title_link'] = urljoin(target['prefix'], article_row.xpath(
target['title_link_xpath']).extract_first())
else:
item['title_link'] = article_row.xpath(target['title_link_xpath']).extract_first()
# 处理发布日期
# 日期顺序规则
date_order = "YMD"
_title_time = article_row.xpath(target['date_xpath']) # 定位:发布时间
_date_str = clean_string(
generate_text(_title_time.xpath(target['date_parse']).extract_first())) # 解析:发布时间
if not eval(target.get('date_re_switch')):
item['title_time'] = dateparser.parse(_date_str, settings={'DATE_ORDER': date_order}).strftime(
"%Y-%m-%d")
else: # 使用正则提取时间字符串，存在默认正则表达式
date_re_expression = target.get('date_re_expression', None)
_expression = date_re_expression or r"(20\d{2}[-/]?\d{2}[-/]?\d{2})"
results = re.findall(r"%s" % _expression, _date_str, re.S)
self.logger.info(f"_date_str:{_date_str},results:{results} ")
if results:
item['title_time'] = dateparser.parse(results[0], settings={'DATE_ORDER': date_order}).strftime(
"%Y-%m-%d")
else:
item['title_time'] = None
# 以下写死的
item['bi_channel'] = "gov"
item['industry_type'] = f"{target['industry_type']}"
item['website_type'] = f"{target['website_type']}"
item['url_type'] = f"{target['url_type']}"
item['title_hour'] = 0 # 原网站没有发布时间,0代替
item['source_type'] = 0 # 数据来源，0 网站web, 1 微信公众号
item['redis_duplicate_key'] = make_md5(item['title'] + canonicalize_url(item['title_link']))
# 请求详情页
# 使用selenium
if target.get("config") and eval(eval(target.get("config")).get('use_selenium')):
self.logger.info(f"使用 Selenium 请求 {item['title_link']}")
yield scrapy.Request(url=item['title_link'],
meta={
"target": target,
"use_selenium": True,
"item": item
},
callback=self.parse_detail,
)
else:
# 使用 Splash
self.logger.info(f"使用 Splash 请求 {item['title_link']}")
yield SplashRequest(url=item['title_link'],
meta={
"target": target,
"item": item
},
callback=self.parse_detail,
# endpoint='execute',
# args={
# 'lua_source': script,
# 'wait': 8},
endpoint='render.json',
args={
# 'lua_source': script,
# 'proxy': f"http://{proxy_ip_dict['ip']}:{proxy_ip_dict['port']}",
'wait': 20,
'html': 1,
'png': 1
},
)
def parse_detail(self, response):
self.logger.info(f"处理详情页 {response.url}")
item = response.meta['item']
target = response.meta['target']
print(response.xpath(target['content']))
if response.xpath(target['content']):
item['content'] = generate_text(response.xpath(target['content']).extract_first())
else:
item['content'] = ""
yield item
@staticmethod
def target_info():
'''
返回目标网站信息
'''
target_list = [
{
"industry_type": "政策", # 行业类别
"website_type": "央行", # 网站/微信公众号名称
"url_type": "中国人民银行-条法司-规范性文件", # 网站模块
"link": "http://www.pbc.gov.cn/tiaofasi/144941/3581332/index.html", # 访问链接
"article_rows_xpath": '//div[@id="r_con"]//table//tr/td/font[contains(@class, "newslist_style")]',
# 提取文章列表xpath对象
"title_xpath": "./a", # 提取标题
"title_parse": "./@title", # 提取标题
"title_link_xpath": "./a/@href", # 提取标题链接
"date_re_switch": "False", # 是否使用正则提取日期时间
"date_re_expression": "", # 日期时间正则表达式
"date_xpath": "./following-sibling::span[1]", # 提取日期时间
"date_parse": "./text()", # 提取日期时间
"content": '//*[@class="content"]', # 正文HTML xpath
"prefix": "http://www.pbc.gov.cn/", # link前缀
"config": "{'use_selenium':'False'}" # 其他配置：是否使用selenium（默认使用spalsh）
},
{
"industry_type": "政策", # 行业类别
"website_type": "央行", # 网站/微信公众号名称
"url_type": "中国人民银行-条法司-其他文件", # 网站模块
"link": "http://www.pbc.gov.cn/tiaofasi/144941/144959/index.html", # 访问链接
"article_rows_xpath": '//div[@id="r_con"]//table//tr/td/font[contains(@class, "newslist_style")]',
"title_xpath": "./a",
"title_parse": "./@title",
"title_link_xpath": "./a/@href",
"date_re_switch": "False", # 是否使用正则提取日期时间
"date_re_expression": "", # 日期时间正则表达式
"date_xpath": "./following-sibling::span[1]",
"date_parse": "./text()",
"content": '//*[@class="content"]', # 正文HTML xpath
"prefix": "http://www.pbc.gov.cn/",
"config": "{'use_selenium':'False'}"
},
{
"industry_type": "政策", # 行业类别
"website_type": "公安部", # 网站/微信公众号名称
"url_type": "中华人民共和国公安部-规划计划", # 网站模块
"link": "https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254314/n2254487/", # 访问链接
"article_rows_xpath": '//span/dl/dd',
"title_xpath": "./a",
"title_parse": "./text()",
"title_link_xpath": "./a/@href",
"date_re_switch": "True", # 是否使用正则提取日期时间 ( 2020-04-14 )
"date_re_expression": "", # 日期时间正则表达式
"date_xpath": "./span",
"date_parse": "./text()",
"content": '//*[@class="arcContent center"]', # 正文HTML xpath
"prefix": "https://www.mps.gov.cn/",
"config": "{'use_selenium':'True'}"
},
{
"industry_type": "政策", # 行业类别
"website_type": "公安部", # 网站/微信公众号名称
"url_type": "中华人民共和国公安部-公安要闻", # 网站模块
"link": "https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2253534/n2253535/index.html", # 访问链接
"article_rows_xpath": '//span/dl/dd',
"title_xpath": "./a",
"title_parse": "./text()",
"title_link_xpath": "./a/@href",
"date_re_switch": "True", # 是否使用正则提取日期时间 ( 2020-04-14 )
"date_re_expression": "", # 日期时间正则表达式
"date_xpath": "./span",
"date_parse": "./text()",
"content": '//*[@class="arcContent center"]', # 正文HTML xpath
"prefix": "https://www.mps.gov.cn/",
"config": "{'use_selenium':'True'}"
},
{
"industry_type": "政策", # 行业类别
"website_type": "公安部", # 网站/微信公众号名称
"url_type": "七台河市人民政府-信息上报系统-市辖单位-公安局", # 网站模块
"link": "http://www.qth.gov.cn/xxsbxt/sxdw/gajxx/", # 访问链接
"article_rows_xpath": '//td[contains(text(), "公安局")]/parent::tr/parent::tbody/parent::table/parent::td/parent::tr/following::tr[1]/td/table//tr/td/a/parent::td/parent::tr',
"title_xpath": "./td/a",
"title_parse": "./@title",
"title_link_xpath": "./td/a/@href",
"date_re_switch": "False", # 是否使用正则提取日期时间 ( 2020-04-14 )
"date_re_expression": "", # 日期时间正则表达式
"date_xpath": "./td[3]",
"date_parse": "./text()",
"content": '//*[@class="TRS_Editor"]', # 正文HTML xpath
"prefix": "http://www.qth.gov.cn/xxsbxt/sxdw/gajxx/",
"config": "{'use_selenium':'False'}"
},
]
for target in target_list:
yield target