SQL SERVER数据库字典

1. 显示表结构                                                        

SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT --a.id, CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END AS 表名, CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN isnull(f.value, '') ELSE '' END AS 表说明,a.colorder AS 字段序号, a.name AS 字段名, CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 标识, CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM dbo.sysindexes si INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id AND si.indid = sik.indid INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id AND sc.colid = sik.colid INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = so.name AND so.xtype = 'PK' WHERE sc.id = a.id AND sc.colid = a.colid) THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 主键, b.name AS 类型, a.length AS 长度, COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION') AS 精度, ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS 小数位数, CASE WHEN a.isnullable = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS 允许空, ISNULL(e.text, '') AS 默认值, ISNULL(g.[value], '') AS 字段说明, d.crdate AS 创建时间, CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.refdate ELSE NULL END AS 更改时间 FROM dbo.syscolumns a LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.systypes b ON a.xtype = b.xusertype INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id AND d.xtype = 'U' AND d.status >= 0 LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.syscomments e ON a.cdefault = e.id LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties g ON a.id = g.major_id AND a.colid = g.minor_id LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties f ON d.id = f.major_id AND f.minor_id = 0 ORDER BY d.name, a.colorder

exec sp_spaceused '表名' ----（SQL统计数据，大量事务操作后可能不准） exec sp_spaceused '表名', true ----(更新表的空间大小，准确的表空大小，但可能会花些统计时间） exec sp_spaceused ----(数据库大小查询） exec sp_MSforeachtable "exec sp_spaceused '?'" ----(所有用户表空间表小，SQL统计数据，，大量事务操作后可能不准） exec sp_MSforeachtable "exec sp_spaceused '?',true" ----(所有用户表空间表小，大数据库慎用） create table #t(name varchar(255), rows bigint, reserved varchar(20), data varchar(20), index_size varchar(20), unused varchar(20)) exec sp_MSforeachtable "insert into #t exec sp_spaceused '?'" select * from #t drop table #t

2.存储过程，触发器，键，约束，视图，函数信息                            

USE 【DB Name】 SELECT DISTINCT  TOP 100 PERCENT isnull(p.name,'') AS 父对象, o.xtype, CASE o.xtype WHEN 'C' THEN 'CHECK 约束' WHEN 'D' THEN '默认值或DEFAULT约束' WHEN 'F' THEN 'FOREIGNKEY约束' WHEN 'L' THEN '日志' WHEN 'FN' THEN '标量函数' WHEN 'IF' THEN '内嵌表函数' WHEN 'P' THEN '存储过程' WHEN 'PK' THEN 'PRIMARYKEY约束' WHEN 'RF' THEN '复制筛选存储过程' WHEN 'S' THEN '系统表' WHEN 'TF' THEN '表函数' WHEN 'TR' THEN '触发器' WHEN 'U' THEN '用户表' WHEN 'UQ' THEN 'UNIQUE 约束' WHEN 'V' THEN '视图' WHEN 'X' THEN '扩展存储过程' WHEN 'R' THEN '规则' ELSE NULL END AS 类型, o.name AS 对象名, o.crdate AS 创建时间, o.refdate AS 更改时间, c.text AS 声明语句, OBJECTPROPERTY(o.id, N'IsMSShipped') FROM dbo.sysobjects o Left JOIN      dbo.sysobjects p ON o.parent_obj = p.id LEFT OUTER JOIN      dbo.syscomments c ON o.id = c.id WHERE --(o.xtype IN ('C','D','F','PK','UQ','L','FN','IF','TF','TR','P','R','RF', 'X','S','U','V')) AND (OBJECTPROPERTY(o.id, N'IsMSShipped') = 0) AND (isnull(p.name,'') <> N'dtproperties') ORDER BY o.xtype DESC

3.索引                                                              

SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT --a.id,       CASE WHEN b.keyno = 1 THEN c.name ELSE '' END AS 表名,       CASE WHEN b.keyno = 1 THEN a.name ELSE '' END AS 索引名称, d.name AS 列名,       b.keyno AS 索引顺序, CASE indexkey_property(c.id, b.indid, b.keyno, 'isdescending')       WHEN 1 THEN '降序' WHEN 0 THEN '升序' END AS 排序, CASE WHEN p.id IS NULL       THEN '' ELSE '√' END AS 主键, CASE INDEXPROPERTY(c.id, a.name, 'IsClustered')       WHEN 1 THEN '√' WHEN 0 THEN '' END AS 聚集, CASE INDEXPROPERTY(c.id,       a.name, 'IsUnique') WHEN 1 THEN '√' WHEN 0 THEN '' END AS 唯一,       CASE WHEN e.id IS NULL THEN '' ELSE '√' END AS 唯一约束,       a.OrigFillFactor AS 填充因子, c.crdate AS 创建时间, c.refdate AS 更改时间 FROM dbo.sysindexes a INNER JOIN       dbo.sysindexkeys b ON a.id = b.id AND a.indid = b.indid INNER JOIN       dbo.syscolumns d ON b.id = d.id AND b.colid = d.colid INNER JOIN       dbo.sysobjects c ON a.id = c.id AND c.xtype = 'U' LEFT OUTER JOIN       dbo.sysobjects e ON e.name = a.name AND e.xtype = 'UQ' LEFT OUTER JOIN       dbo.sysobjects p ON p.name = a.name AND p.xtype = 'PK' WHERE (OBJECTPROPERTY(a.id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) AND (OBJECTPROPERTY(a.id,       N'IsMSShipped') = 0) AND (INDEXPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsAutoStatistics') = 0) ORDER BY c.name, a.name, b.keyno

4.查看索引碎片--运行缓慢                                             

SELECT   object_name(i.object_id) as object_name ,   i.name as IndexName   ,ps.avg_fragmentation_in_percent   ,avg_page_space_used_in_percent FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats   (db_id(), NULL, NULL, NULL , 'DETAILED') as ps   INNER JOIN sys.indexes as i   ON i.object_id = ps.object_id   AND i.index_id = ps.index_id WHERE ps.avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 50   AND ps.index_id > 0   ORDER BY 1

5.查看连接数                                                         

USE master select * from sysprocesses where dbid in (select dbid from sysdatabases where name='ETMCDB')

6. 技巧                                                                       

（一）挂起操作 在安装Sql或sp补丁的时候系统提示之前有挂起的安装操作，要求重启，这里往往重启无用，解决办法： 到HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Control/Session Manager 删除PendingFileRenameOperations （二）收缩数据库 --重建索引 DBCC REINDEX DBCC INDEXDEFRAG --收缩数据和日志 DBCC SHRINKDB DBCC SHRINKFILE （三）压缩数据库 dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname) （四）转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限 exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname'   (五）检查备份集 RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:/dvbbs.bak' (六）修复数据库 ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER GO DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK GO ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER GO --CHECKDB 有3个参数: --REPAIR_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS --　执行由 REPAIR_REBUILD 完成的所有修复，包括对行和页进行分配和取消分配以改正分配错误、结构行或页的错误，以及删除已损坏的文本对象。这些修复可能会导致一些数据丢失。修复操 作可以在用户事务下完成以允许用户回滚所做的更改。如果回滚修复，则数据库仍会含有错误，应该从备份进行恢复。如果由于所提供修复等级的缘故遗漏某个错误 的修复，则将遗漏任何取决于该修复的修复。修复完成后，备份数据库。 --REPAIR_FAST 进行小的、不耗时的修复操作，如修复非聚集索引中的附加键。这些修复可以很快完成，并且不会有丢失数据的危险。 --REPAIR_REBUILD 执行由 REPAIR_FAST 完成的所有修复，包括需要较长时间的修复（如重建索引）。执行这些修复时不会有丢失数据的危险。

7. 查看Block                                                                       

SELECT  blocked_query.session_id AS blocked_session_id,  blocking_query.session_id AS blocking_session_id,  sql_text.text AS blocking_text,  waits.wait_type AS blocking_resource FROM sys.dm_exec_requests blocked_query JOIN sys.dm_exec_requests blocking_query ON  blocked_query.blocking_session_id = blocking_query.session_id CROSS APPLY  (  SELECT *  FROM sys.dm_exec_sql_text(blocking_query.sql_handle)  ) sql_text JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks waits ON  waits.session_id = blocking_query.session_id